Why do North Indians Look Different from South Indians? The Genetics of South Asia

Summary

このビデオスクリプトは、インドが民族、人種、または宗教ではなく、現在世界で第二位の人口を有する国であることを明確にします。インドの人口は約13億人で、アメリカの約4倍の人が住んでいます。インドの多様性は非常に高く、11の主要な民族グループと数百から数千に及ぶ小さな民族グループが存在します。インド亜大陸全体で見られる民族的、言語的、宗教的多様性は、アフリカ大陸全体のそれと比較しても遜色ありません。このビデオは、インドと南アジアの複雑さと魅力を掘り下げ、地域の人々の独特な特徴と歴史的背景を解説します。

Takeaways

• 😀 India has an extremely large and rapidly growing population, projected to surpass China's in the next few years
• 😯 There is immense ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity stuffed into India's relatively small geographic size
• 👥 South Asia/Indian subcontinent includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives
• 🤝 Two main ancestral groups are Dravidians in the south and Indo-Aryans in the north
• 👫 Dravidians have distinct features like dark skin, while Indo-Aryans have lighter skin
• 🎨 Skin color exists on a spectrum due to historical intermixing between groups
• 😣 Fairer skin is seen as more desirable and can provide advantages in entertainment industries
• 💆‍♀️ Other groups include Anglo-Indians of mixed British ancestry and Parsis of Persian ancestry
• ✝️ Religion now distinguishes groups more than ethnicity, especially Hindu vs Muslim
• 🤝 Assimilation and intermarriage continues between groups, creating a fascinated mixed population

Q & A

インドとはどのような国ですか？

インドは民族、人種、宗教を指す言葉ではなく、世界で2番目に人口が多い国です。

インドの人口はどれくらいですか？

インドの人口は約13億人です。

インドの民族的多様性についてどのような特徴がありますか？

インドには約11の主要な民族グループが存在し、数百から数千に及ぶさまざまな小規模な民族グループがあります。

南アジアの国々にはどのようなものがありますか？

南アジアにはバングラデシュ、ブータン、インド、モルディブ、ネパール、パキスタン、スリランカが含まれます。

ドラヴィダ人とはどのような人々ですか？

ドラヴィダ人はインド南部に住む民族グループで、メラネシア人と関連があると考えられています。

インド・アーリア人とは何ですか？

インド・アーリア人は北インドに住む、インド・ヨーロッパ語族の言語を話す人々です。

インドの宗教的多様性について教えてください。

インドでは多様な宗教が存在し、主にヒンドゥー教、イスラム教、キリスト教、シク教が信仰されています。

インド映画業界における肌の色に対する見方はどのようなものですか？

インド映画業界では、非常に肌が白いとヨーロッパ的な特徴を持つ人々が好まれる傾向があります。

アングロ・インディアンとはどのような人々ですか？

アングロ・インディアンは、英国の祖先を持ち、独自のコミュニティと民族アイデンティティを形成したインドの混血の人々です。

インドとその近隣国における民族的、言語的、宗教的多様性の重要性は何ですか？

この多様性は、これらの地域の文化的豊かさと複雑さを示し、それぞれの国のアイデンティティと社会構造に深く影響を与えています。

Outlines

00:00

😊 The diverse ethnic and linguistic groups of India

Paragraph 1 introduces India as a highly populous and diverse country, containing many ethnic groups like Dravidians in the south and Indo-Aryans in the north. It also discusses the broader South Asian region, distinguishing groups like Iranians and Tibeto-Burmans.

05:01

😃 Physical features and skin color across groups

Paragraph 2 describes physical differences between groups, noting that fair skin is often prized. There has also been considerable intermixing over time.

10:03

😉 India's diversity makes its population fascinating

Paragraph 3 concludes that India's history of migration and assimilation has created a uniquely diverse population, though some discrimination persists.

Keywords

💡インド

インドはアジアに位置する国で、世界第二位の人口を有しています。このビデオでは、インドが近い将来に世界で最も人口の多い国になると予測されています。インドは単一の民族、人種、宗教を指すものではなく、多様な文化、言語、民族が存在することが強調されています。

💡人口成長

人口成長は、特定の地域または国の人口が時間の経過とともに増加する現象です。このビデオでは、インドの人口成長率が高く、その結果、インドが世界で最も人口の多い国になると予測されています。

💡民族的多様性

民族的多様性は、異なる民族的背景を持つ人々が一緒に生活する状況を指します。ビデオでは、インドの民族的多様性が非常に高いことが述べられており、数百から数千にも及ぶ小規模な民族群が存在することが強調されています。

💡南アジア

南アジアは、インド、パキスタン、バングラデシュ、ネパール、ブータン、スリランカ、モルディブを含む地域です。このビデオでは、南アジアがインド亜大陸としても知られ、この地域が民族的、言語的、宗教的に極めて多様であることが説明されています。

💡ドラヴィダ人

ドラヴィダ人は、主にインド南部に住む民族群です。ビデオでは、彼らが南アジアで最初に居住した人々の一つとされ、メラネシア人やオーストラリア先住民との関連が指摘されています。

💡インド・アーリア人

インド・アーリア人は、約3～4千年前に北インドに移住したとされる民族群です。このビデオでは、彼らがインドの多くの地域に住み、ドラヴィダ人と文化的、言語的に異なる存在であることが説明されています。

💡言語的多様性

言語的多様性は、異なる言語や方言が一つの地域または国内で話される状況を指します。ビデオでは、インドと南アジアが極めて多様な言語を持つ地域であることが強調されています。

💡宗教的多様性

宗教的多様性は、異なる宗教的信念や習慣が共存する状況を指します。このビデオでは、インドと南アジアがヒンドゥー教、イスラム教、仏教、シク教など多様な宗教が存在する地域であることが説明されています。

💡人種的特徴

人種的特徴は、肌の色、髪の質、顔の特徴など、特定の人種や民族群に一般的に見られる外見上の特徴を指します。ビデオでは、インドと南アジアの人々が肌の色や顔の特徴において広範なスペクトラムを持っていることが述べられています。

💡民族間の交流

民族間の交流は、異なる民族や文化の人々が互いに影響を与え合うプロセスを指します。ビデオでは、インド亜大陸で過去数千年にわたって行われたインド・アーリア人とドラヴィダ人の混交が例として挙げられています。

Highlights

India is not an ethnicity, race, or religion; it's a diverse country with a massive population.

India's population is predicted to surpass China's, becoming the world's most populous country.

India's current population sits at around 1.3 billion, significantly larger than the population of the US.

The diversity in India includes numerous ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups.

South Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, comprises countries like India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.

India has around 11 main ethnic groups and possibly thousands of smaller ethnic groups.

Dravidians, one of the first peoples in South Asia, live mainly in southern India and are related to Melanesian peoples.

Indo-Aryans, speaking Indo-European languages, migrated into northern India thousands of years ago.

Indo-Aryans and Dravidians have mixed over thousands of years, creating a wide spectrum of skin colors and features.

Entertainment industries in South Asia often favor fair-skinned and more European-looking features.

The Hindi-speaking people of northern India are the largest group, with around 600 million people.

The main Dravidian groups include the Tamils, Malayali, Telugu, and Kannada peoples.

Anglo-Indians, a mixed-race community, were formed from unions between British troops and Indian women.

Discrimination in India has historically been based on skin color, but modern distinctions are more often based on religion.

The diversity and complexity of India and South Asia's population make it a unique and fascinating region.

Transcripts

before we begin let's just make one

thing clear Indian is not an ethnicity

not a race and definitely not a religion

India is currently the second most

populous country in the world behind

China but it's not going to be that way

for long it's predicted than a current

population growth rates India will

become the world's most populous country

for the first time in only five years in

2022 for babies born on the earth today

they probably won't ever remember a time

in history when India wasn't the world's

most populous country as opposed to our

generation and before who always

remember China as being the world's most

populous country India's population

currently sits at around 1.3 billion

people and for perspective on how

astronomically large that numbers the US

currently only has about 25 percent of

that number at around 300 million so for

every u.s. American citizen there are

over 4 Indians

astonishingly when the rest of both

North and South America are included

India still beats them out population

wise seeing how the combined population

of the Americas is only around 1 billion

people clearly there's a lot of people

living there and it's very easy for us

living in the Western world to forget

just how much their population Dwarfs

our own now the reason for me saying all

of this is that there's an immense

amount of diversity in India let alone

the Indian subcontinent imagine all of

the ethnic linguistic and religious

diversity of the population of all of

Africa stuffed into a country the size

of Argentina India is obviously not a

homogenous country but most people don't

know just how truly diverse it is and

when you include the rest of South Asia

the situation gets even more complicated

South Asia which is frequently referred

to as the Indian subcontinent is usually

defined as the countries of Bangladesh

Bhutan India the Maldives

Nepal Pakistan and Sri Lanka the western

half of Pakistan is occasionally thought

of as more Middle Eastern because their

population has more in common with the

Iranian speaking peoples of Afghanistan

and Iran but we're going to include them

with the rest of South Asia for this

video

India has around 11 main ethnic groups

the largest of which being the Hindi

speaking peoples of northern India that

are very difficult to classify by

ethnicity

there are however hundreds maybe even

thousands of smaller and much smaller

ethnic groups and the entire region of

South Asia but for the most part people

of South Asia can be put into a few very

large racial groups the first peoples to

have inhabited South Asia are believed

to be the Dravidians Davidians are a

racial group that live in the southern

portion of India and also have ethnic

groups scattered in the neighboring

countries they're believed to be related

to the Melanesian people of the Pacific

such as people from Papa New Guinea Fiji

and the Australian Aborigines because of

this they have features that are quite

distinct from any other group of people

in India the majority of the rest of the

region is inhabited by speakers of

indo-european languages - known as

indo-aryans being unrelated to the Nazi

concept of the Aryan race of course the

indo-aryan people migrated into northern

India around three to four thousand

years ago most likely traveling through

Iran and Afghanistan into the

subcontinent they mixed with the native

Dravidians of India but retained their

distinct languages and culture which is

why the indo-aryan languages of India

are actually more closely related to the

European languages than to the much

closer geographically Dravidian

languages believe it or not indo-aryan

people inhabit the northern north of

India all of Bangladesh the southern

part of Nepal eastern Pakistan the

island chain of the Maldives and the

southern part of Sri Lanka

there's also a small indo-aryan ethnic

group called the Rohingya people that

are related to the Bengal ease and bleed

over into neighboring Burma but that's a

topic for another day overall various

Dravidian groups make up around 16% of

India's population and around 13% for

South Asia

as a whole although this proportion is

falling fast with birth rates in

northern India far outpacing those in

the South Dravidian people generally are

much darker in skin tone and hair color

than the indo-aryans to the north and

have different facial features of wider

noses larger lips and a more prominent

brow Ridge indo-aryans mostly have

lighter skin less coarse hair and more

Middle Eastern sort of features now it's

very important to realize that skin

color and facial features are on a

spectrum in South Asia meaning that

anyone from any part of the region can

have any of these traits and some

indo-aryan people from northern India

could actually be darker than some four

billion people from southern India this

is because of the extreme mixing that

has gone on in the Indian subcontinent

in the past few thousand years with

pretty much all indo-aryans having at

least some Dravidian ancestry and vice

versa it's important to note that

judging what South Asian people look

like by looking at celebrities from the

region will definitely not give you an

accurate picture as to what the average

South Asian person looks like it's

actually very advantageous in the

entertainment industries of India

Pakistan and Bangladesh to have very

fair-skinned and more European looking

features so it's not uncommon to not

find a single Indian actor or actress in

Bollywood that has dark skin despite

large portions of their people having

such skin color even Nina davuluri who

is famously the first person of Indian

descent to win Miss America in 2014

acknowledged that she would probably not

have gotten very far in Indian modelling

because her skin is too dark the

indo-aryan groups that are on the

fringes of the subcontinent such as the

Assamese in the Far Northeast of India

or Nepal ease in the far north of the

region generally have anywhere from 15

to 20 percent admixture from the

neighboring East and Southeast Asian

people since Tibet lies directly to the

north of Nepal and India and Bangladesh

and Assam are very close to the border

of Southeast Asia

there are even states in northeast India

that are inhabited by tibeto-burman

people or Thai speaking peoples who

appear to be more

related to Southeast Asians than other

South Asians also western Pakistan is

inhabited by the Baylock and Pashtun

people two ethnic groups that are of

Iranian descent being more closely

related to the Persians of Iran there is

also a relatively small group called the

brow Hui people who are the last

remaining Dravidian speaking population

in all of Pakistan the rest of the

country is almost entirely inhabited by

indo-aryans such as the Sinti people and

punjabi people the largest group in the

region by far would be the Hindi

speaking peoples of northern India and

around 600 million people although as

mentioned earlier they can be divided

into many smaller sub ethnicities such

as the Biharis rajasthan ease and

Chattisgarh ii people and they probably

wouldn't really appreciate me all that

much calling them all the same ethnicity

but really I'm no expert on the subject

other distinct indo-aryan groups in

India include the Marathas the next

largest people who inhabit the state of

Maharashtra which contains Mumbai Bombay

the largest city in all of South Asia

the Gujarati are most famous for being

the main merchants and traders of India

in the Bengali people who are divided

between the Indian state of West Bengal

and the independent country of

Bangladesh with most Indian Bengalis

being Hindu and most Bangladeshis being

Muslim the Punjabis are tricky because

nearly all of the Punjabis of Pakistan

are Muslim and they far outnumber the

Punjabis of India who are mostly of the

Sikh faith which know is a part of Islam

or Hinduism but a distinct religion of

its own

the main Dravidian groups are the Tamils

of southern India and northern Sri Lanka

the malayali people of Kerala the Telugu

people of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh

and the Canada people that's right

Canada of Khanna Tarka the two mill

people in Sri Lanka have had a long and

bloody conflict for independence from

the Sinhalese dominated government who

are actually the only indo-aryan group

that is almost entirely Buddhist there's

also a large minority of mixed-race

people in South Asia

known as the anglo-indians getting their

namesake from their paternal English

ancestors when the British troops were

first stationed in India the late 1800s

they didn't bring their families and

wives since they had a life expectancy

of only around 8 months and as such

often had affairs and even sometimes

married the native Indian women from

many different parts of the country

mixed-race marriages were later deemed

illegal by the British government in

India but by that time the damage had

been done over the past couple of

centuries they created their own

communities intermarrying within their

own group creating their own ethnic

identity today they number up to 1

million people which may sound like a

lot but this is only 0.1% of India's

population and are scattered throughout

the country with many more having moved

abroad to other areas of significant

South Asian Diaspora such as the UK

Australia Canada the US and Southeast

Asia other much smaller groups of

foreign extraction in India are the

zoroastrian or Parsi people who are of

Persian Zoroastrian origin and de c.v

people who are of South East African

bantu origin and were brought to various

regions of India as slaves by the Arabs

and Portuguese

although discrimination based on skin

color has historically been quite high

in the Indian subcontinent in modern

India the main distinction is generally

not between race or ethnicity but

religion with many families actually

being quite tolerant of marriages

between indo-aryans and your billions

yet the stigma between interfaith

marriages remains at around the same

since the partition of India in 1947

because of migration intermixing and

assimilation the people of India and

South Asia are one of the most

fascinating and unique populations of

the planet and one that everyone should

learn about even though I probably

horribly mispronounced every name in

this video thanks for watching everyone

there's been Mason and I'll see you next

time