Characteristics of Organisms - Grade 10 #Easy_Science

Summary

This video script from 'Easy Science' delves into the characteristics that define living organisms, emphasizing that life cannot be determined solely by appearance. It covers cellular organization, nutrition, respiration, irritability, coordination, excretion, movement, reproduction, and growth and development. The script explains the differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, the process of photosynthesis, and cellular respiration. It also touches on the response to stimuli, the importance of irritability and coordination, and the various forms of excretion and movement in organisms. The video concludes with a discussion on the complexity of identifying life, using viruses as an example of entities that exhibit both living and nonliving traits.

Takeaways

• 🌿 The script discusses the characteristics of living organisms, emphasizing that life cannot be determined solely by external features.
• 🔬 Cellular organization is a key characteristic, with both unicellular and multicellular organisms having different levels of organization.
• 🍃 Autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms are differentiated based on how they obtain energy and materials for life.
• 🌞 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, as photoautotrophs, convert solar energy into food using chlorophyll.
• 🔄 Cellular respiration is the process of transforming stored food into energy, occurring within the mitochondria of cells.
• 🏃 Irritability and coordination are shown by organisms in response to stimuli, with communication between organs facilitating this.
• 💨 Excretion is vital for the removal of byproducts from metabolic processes, with different organisms having specific excretory products.
• 🚶 Movement is necessary for organisms to fulfill their needs, utilizing various structures or the whole body for locomotion.
• 🌱 Reproduction is essential for the continuation of species, with organisms employing both sexual and asexual methods.
• 📈 Growth and development are characterized by an increase in size and complexity, with specific steps involved in the process.
• 🦠 Viruses exhibit both living and nonliving characteristics, requiring a host cell to become active and can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

Q & A

What are the common characteristics of living organisms?

The common characteristics of living organisms include cellular organization, nutrition, respiration, irritability and coordination, excretion, movement, reproduction, and growth and development.

What is cellular organization and how does it differ between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Cellular organization is the structural arrangement of cells within an organism. Unicellular organisms like Paramecium and amoeba consist of a single cell with cytoplasm and organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane, showing no tissue or organ level organization. Multicellular organisms, on the other hand, are composed of different types of cells that form tissues, organs, and systems, showing tissue and system level organization.

What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms in terms of nutrition?

Autotrophic organisms produce their own food using either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, while heterotrophic organisms consume food produced by other organisms. Photoautotrophs, like most plants, use sunlight to produce food, whereas chemoautotrophs, like certain bacteria, use chemical reactions.

How is the process of photosynthesis described in the script?

Photosynthesis is the process where carbon dioxide reacts with water inside the chloroplasts of plant cells in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. It is facilitated by chlorophyll and can be represented by the equation of photosynthesis.

What is cellular respiration and where does it occur within a cell?

Cellular respiration is the process of transforming stored food into energy that occurs within the mitochondria of the cell. It involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.

What is irritability and how is it related to the response to stimuli?

Irritability is the ability of an organism to respond to stimuli, which are changes in the environment that elicit a reaction. It involves a connection between the part receiving the stimulus and the part responding to it, such as taking one's hand away from a hot plate.

How does coordination play a role in an organism's response to stimuli?

Coordination is the communication between different organs or parts of an organism that allows for a unified response to stimuli. For example, during an accident, the hand receives a stimulus, nerves transmit the signal, and muscles and hormones coordinate the response to withdraw the hand.

What is excretion and why is it important for organisms?

Excretion is the removal of waste products from the body that are produced during metabolism. It is important for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the buildup of harmful substances, such as carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogenous waste.

How do organisms move and what are some examples of movement in both unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Organisms move to fulfill their needs using various structures or their whole body. Unicellular organisms use cilia, pseudopodia, and flagella for locomotion, while multicellular organisms use structures like fins, wings, and legs. Plants also exhibit movement in response to stimuli, such as growing towards light or bending away from roots.

What are the two types of reproduction in organisms and how do they differ?

The two types of reproduction are sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the union of gametes from two individuals to form a zygote, while asexual reproduction allows a single organism to produce genetically identical offspring without the contribution of another organism.

What is the process of growth and development in multicellular organisms?

Growth and development in multicellular organisms start from a single cell called a zygote, which develops into an embryo and later transforms into an offspring. This process involves an irreversible increase in cell size (growth) and an increase in complexity through cell differentiation (development).

Why are viruses considered to have both living and nonliving characteristics?

Viruses are considered to have both living and nonliving characteristics because they are composed of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) enclosed by a protein capsid and require a host cell to become active. They do not exhibit the full range of characteristics of living organisms, such as independent metabolism or reproduction outside of a host.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Characteristics of Living Organisms

This paragraph introduces the fundamental characteristics that define living organisms, emphasizing that the presence of life cannot be determined solely by external appearance. It discusses cellular organization, distinguishing between unicellular and multicellular organisms and their structural levels, such as tissues, organs, and systems. The paragraph also covers nutrition, explaining the concepts of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, and the process of photosynthesis in plants. Furthermore, it delves into cellular respiration, irritability and coordination, which are the organism's responses to stimuli and the communication between organs, respectively.

05:02

🏃‍♂️ Movement, Reproduction, and Growth in Organisms

The second paragraph explores various aspects of organismal life, including irritability and coordination in response to stimuli, as demonstrated by the human body's reaction to an accident. It then discusses excretion, the process by which organisms remove metabolic waste products, and highlights the different forms of excretion in humans and plants. The paragraph also covers the importance of movement for survival, describing the methods of locomotion in both unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as in plants. Reproduction is presented as a critical characteristic for species continuation, with a distinction between sexual and asexual reproduction. Lastly, the paragraph explains growth and development as stages in the life cycle of organisms, from a single cell to a fully developed individual, and touches upon the complexity of identifying living entities that may appear nonliving, such as viruses, which exhibit both living and nonliving characteristics.

Keywords

💡Organisms

Organisms are any individual entity that exhibits the characteristics of life, such as cellular organization, metabolism, and the ability to reproduce. In the video, the concept of distinguishing between living and nonliving entities is explored, emphasizing that not all entities can be classified by mere observation, as it can be challenging with tissues or DNA samples.

💡Cellular Organization

Cellular organization refers to the structural arrangement of cells within an organism. It is a fundamental characteristic of life, with unicellular organisms like Paramecium and multicellular organisms like plants and animals having different levels of organization. The script explains that unicellular organisms show a single level of organization, while multicellular organisms exhibit tissue and system level organization.

💡Nutrition

Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain the necessary materials and energy for life. The video distinguishes between autotrophic organisms, which produce their own food, and heterotrophic organisms, which consume food produced by others. Photosynthesis is highlighted as a method of food production in plants, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.

💡Respiration

Respiration is the process by which stored food is converted into energy within cells. It occurs in the mitochondria and is essential for cellular function. The script mentions that respiration is not directly observable but can be inferred through the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.

💡Irritability

Irritability is the ability of an organism to respond to stimuli, such as touching a hot plate, which triggers an immediate response like withdrawing the hand. The script explains that irritability involves a stimulus, a response, and a communication mechanism between the stimulated part and the responding part of the organism.

💡Coordination

Coordination refers to the communication between different parts of an organism to respond to stimuli effectively. The script uses the example of an accident where the hand receives a stimulus, and nerves, muscles, and hormones work together to coordinate the response, illustrating the concept of coordination in the context of irritability.

💡Excretion

Excretion is the process of removing waste products from an organism, which are byproducts of metabolism. The video mentions that humans excrete carbon dioxide and water vapor through respiration, and other waste products like urea and salts through urine. Plants, too, are mentioned as excreting carbon dioxide during respiration.

💡Movement

Movement is essential for organisms to fulfill their needs and can involve the use of various organs or the whole body. The script describes how unicellular organisms use cilia, pseudopodia, and flagella for locomotion, while multicellular organisms use structures like fins, wings, and legs. It also provides examples of plant movements in response to stimuli.

💡Reproduction

Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced, ensuring the continuation of a species. The video explains two types of reproduction: sexual, where gametes from two individuals unite to form a zygote, and asexual, where a single organism produces offspring without another's contribution.

💡Growth and Development

Growth and development are processes that occur in organisms, starting from a single cell and leading to a fully developed individual. The script defines growth as an increase in size and mass, while development is the increase in complexity. Both processes are crucial for the life cycle of organisms, including animals, plants, and other life forms.

💡Viruses

Viruses are microscopic entities that exhibit characteristics of both living and nonliving matter. They are composed of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat and require a host cell to replicate. The script discusses viruses as an example of entities that blur the line between living and nonliving, as they are only active inside a host and can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

Highlights

The distinction between living and non-living entities cannot be made solely by external features, emphasizing the importance of understanding the characteristics of life.

Characteristics of living organisms include cellular organization, nutrition, respiration, irritability, coordination, excretion, movement, reproduction, and growth and development.

Unicellular organisms like Paramecium, Euglena, Chlamydomonas, and amoeba have a simple cellular structure with open-level organization.

Multicellular organisms result from the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, leading to the formation of a zygote and subsequent cell division.

Organizational levels of an organism range from cells to tissues, organs, systems, and the complete organism.

Nutrition involves the process of obtaining energy and materials for life maintenance, with autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms differing in how they acquire nutrients.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use chlorophyll and sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Cellular respiration is the transformation of stored food into energy, occurring within the mitochondria of cells.

Irritability is the ability of an organism to respond to stimuli, with coordination being the communication between organs.

Excretion is the removal of metabolic byproducts, such as carbon dioxide, water, and urea, from the body.

Movement is essential for organisms to fulfill their needs, utilizing various organs or body structures for locomotion.

Reproduction is vital for the continuation of species, with sexual and asexual reproduction methods differing in the involvement of gametes.

Growth and development in multicellular organisms start from a single cell, the zygote, undergoing irreversible increases in size and complexity.

The three steps of growth and development include cell size increase, cell number increase through division, and cell differentiation.

Living entities that are difficult to identify, such as yeast and lichens, can become active under certain conditions, challenging the distinction between living and non-living.

Viruses, composed of nucleic acid enclosed by a protein capsid, exhibit both living and nonliving characteristics and require a host cell to become active.

Viruses can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants, highlighting their impact on ecosystems and health.

Transcripts

welcome to easy science let us move to

the topic characteristics of organisms

if you are provided with a coconut tree

a peacock a ball some balloons and a

snake and if you are asked to name the

living organisms here it would be an

easy task for you but if you are given

an it a tissue stored under special

conditions and a DNA isolated from a

fossil can you call them as living or

nonliving it is difficult

until the egg is hatched and the tissue

and DNA are bordered to some other

organisms so now you may understand that

confirmation of life cannot be made only

by observing the external features so

let us learn about the characteristics

of living organisms the common

characteristics are cellular

organization nutrition respiration

irritability and coordination excretion

movement reproduction and growth and

development cellular organization

unicellular organisms like Paramecium

euglena Chlamydomonas and amoeba are

made up of cytoplasm and organelles

enclosed by a plasma plasma membrane

they show open le level organization but

a multicellular organism is formed by

the fertilization of an egg with a sperm

to produce the zygote and then cell

division take place to increase the

number of cells

finally a multicellular organism

composed of different types of cells is

formed so it shows tissue and system

level organization so plants and

multicellular animals are made up of

different types of cells and tissues

organizational levels of an organism the

smallest structural and functional unit

at living condition is thus in a group

of cells modified to perform a

particular function is a tissue a

collection of tissues form an organ a

collection of organs form a system and

finally systems pullip

we from the organism this is the

organizational level of a multicellular

organism nutrition the process by which

energy and materials are obtained for

the maintenance of life is called

nutrition energy is needed for the cell

growth and to repair the worn-out

structures organisms that produce their

own food or nutrition are called

autotrophic organisms and the organisms

that utilize the food produced by plants

or organic compounds with other living

origins are called heterotrophic

organisms autotroph eats are of two

types photo AutoFix the cutie lies solar

energy for the food production most of

the plants are photo autotrophic s'

second is chemo autotrophic s' that use

chemical reactions for food production

most of the bacteria are chemo

autotrophic s-- photosynthesis is their

production of food inside the

chloroplast of the plant cell using

chlorophyll during photosynthesis carbon

dioxide reacts with water inside the

chlorophyll in the presence of sunlight

to produce glucose and oxygen this is

called as the equation of photosynthesis

the food web shown here depicts the

connection between different modes of

nutrition respiration the process of

transforming the stored food into energy

is called

cellular respiration it occurs inside

the mitochondria of the cell so that

process it is not visible to us but we

can observe the process inspiration that

intake oxygen and expiration that

removes the carbon dioxide irritability

and coordination before talking about

irritability you should know the two

terms stimulus and response stimulus is

a change that is strong enough to bring

about a response

for example touching a hot plate

responses our reactions according to

changes in the environment for the

stimulus discussed earlier the response

would be taking the hand away

immediately for this to happened our

body should have the ability to respond

and there should be a connection between

the part receiving the stimulus and the

part responding to it so the ability to

respond to stimuli is called

irritability and the communication

between organs is called coordination

this picture shows the irritability and

coordination during an accident a

stimulus is received by our hand nerves

muscles and hormones help in

coordination the response is given by

the hand not only humans even other

animals and plants of irritability and

coordination as they react to stimulus

excretion is the removal of the

byproducts from the body which are

produced during metabolism metabolism is

the sum of chemical and physiological

activities or building up and breaking

down of materials within thus in the

main excretory products of human are

carbon dioxide and water vapor in the

exhaled air water and souls in the sweet

and urea water and salts in urine

nitrogenous expression of human mainly

occurs by the kidney carbon dioxide

released by the plants during

respiration and oxygen delivering the

photosynthesis - can be considered as

excretion organisms need to move in

order to fulfill their needs they use

various organs or their whole body for

the movement unicellular organisms use

cilia pseudopodia and flagella for

locomotion and multicellular organisms

you structures like fins wings and legs

full of commotion

plants to move as response to various

stimuli growth of shoot tip towards the

light growth of fruit epochs towards

gravity shrinking of some leaves when

touched and bending of stems always away

from the root are some examples of the

movements shown by the plants

reproduction is the production of a new

generation by a unicellular or

multicellular organism for the

continuation of their species this is a

very important characteristic because it

is needed for the existence of earth

reproduction is of two types sexual

reproduction and asexual reproduction

during sexual reproduction gametes of

two individuals of the same species

unite to form a zygote

during asexual reproduction a single

organism produces identical new

offsprings without the contribution of

another organism growth and development

life of multicellular organisms start

from a single cell called a zygote it

and sperm fuse to form a zygote zygote

develops into an embryo and embryo later

transforms into an offspring during this

process Roth and development occur

growth is the irreversible increase of

dry mass of the sins and development is

the increase in complexity of the same

growth and development occur in animals

as well as in plants and also in all

other organisms there are three steps of

growth and development a reversible

increase in size of the cell increase in

number of cells by cell division and

cell differentiation are the three steps

you may have seen white masses on

decomposing garbage you may not know if

it is living or nonliving but later they

may develop into mushrooms

similarly there are ferns growing on the

walls

also there are lichens growing on stems

of the plants you cannot decide at once

if they are living or nonliving

similarly there are dry

yeast available which almost seemed to

be nonliving but become active in warm

water so there are living entities that

cannot be easily identified whether

living or not live virus is a good

example for it they are very small and

observed using electron microscope they

are about one over thousand the size of

bacteria virus is not considered as a

sin they are composed of DNA or RNA

nucleic acid enclosed by a protein

capsid

they show both living and nonliving

characteristics a virus becomes active

only inside a host cell virus can cause

diseases to human animals and to the

plants banana bunchy top disease and

curly leaf all these are caused to the

plants and influenza common cold dango

and AIDS are some diseases coastal

animals hope you enjoyed the lesson meet

you all

in another video