WEEK 4 LEC NAV 6 VIDEO

Summary

This lecture delves into the operational use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) for safe navigation, contrasting ECS and ECDIS, and the importance of using official charts. It explains the types of electronic charts, vector and raster, and their applications. The lecture also covers the presentation of ENC data, the integration of systems like AIS and radar, and the significance of data accuracy and confidence zones in navigational safety.

Takeaways

• 📚 The lecture focuses on the operational use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS), emphasizing the importance of understanding the differences between various electronic chart systems and their data formats for safe navigation.
• 🌐 ECDIS must comply with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention, ensuring the use of the latest Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) and proper route planning and monitoring functions.
• 🗺️ There are two main classes of navigational electronic chart systems: the ECDIS which meets IMO's chart currency requirements and the ECS, which assists navigation but doesn't meet SOLAS chart carriage requirements.
• 🔍 The difference between ECS and ECDIS lies in the fact that ECS is electronic chart software with non-approved hardware, while ECDIS is type-approved hardware with official charts, allowing it to be used for primary navigation.
• 📈 Vector charts are detailed, computerized representations of navigational data, allowing for object-based customization and alarms, whereas raster charts are scanned images of paper charts, offering a more traditional graphic orientation but less interactivity.
• 📊 The advantages of vector charts include automatic alarm generation and customizable settings, while raster charts are cheaper to produce but offer limited zoom options and require large memory capacity for corrections.
• 📈 ENC data is distributed by national hydrographic offices and can be updated through various means, including direct downloads, Regional Electronic Navigational Chart Coordination Centers (RENC), and bundled services.
• 🛠️ ECDIS interfaces with other ship equipment such as AIS (Automatic Identification System), ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid), and radar overlays to enhance navigational safety and efficiency.
• 🔑 The presentation of ENC data in ECDIS aims to provide flexibility while remaining user-friendly, allowing navigators to customize the display according to their needs, including the selection of various chart and sensor information.
• 🛑 Understanding the accuracy and confidence levels of chart data is crucial for safe navigation, with categories ranging from A1 (most accurate) to U (undefined or not set), affecting both position and depth accuracy.
• 📝 The importance of knowing the position and depth accuracy for navigational safety, as exemplified by the calculation of probable depth accuracy based on the category of the zone of confidence, is highlighted.

Q & A

What is the main learning outcome of the lecture on Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)?

The main learning outcome is to describe the difference between Electronic Chart System (ECS) and ECDIS, including its various data formats and software, and to discuss the presentation of this data in the safety of navigation.

What does SOLAS stand for and why is it important for ECDIS?

SOLAS stands for Safety of Life at Sea. It is important for ECDIS because the system must comply with the requirements of the SOLAS convention to ensure safe navigation.

What are the two main classes of navigational electronic chart systems discussed in the script?

The two main classes are the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) which meets the IMO's chart currency requirement, and the ECS which can assist navigation but does not meet the SOLAS chart carriage requirement.

What is the difference between ECDIS and ECS in terms of their use for navigation?

ECDIS is a type-approved hardware and software system that can be used for primary navigation, replacing paper charts. ECS, on the other hand, is an electronic chart software that is an official chart and non-approved hardware, and it cannot be used as an aid to navigation.

What does ENC stand for and what is its role in ECDIS?

ENC stands for Electronic Navigational Chart. It is a critical component of ECDIS, as the system must be loaded with the latest ENC data for safe navigation.

What are the two principal types of electronic charts mentioned in the script?

The two principal types of electronic charts are Vector Chart and Raster Chart. Vector charts are detailed representations with object-based data, while Raster charts are similar to scanned copies of paper charts.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a Raster Chart in ECDIS?

Advantages include its inexpensive production and similarity to paper charts. Disadvantages include being a 'dead chart' with no alarms, limited zoom options, large memory capacity requirements, high correction costs, and readability primarily in north-up orientation.

How is an ENC chart distributed and updated?

ENC charts are distributed and updated through national hydrographic offices, regional electronic navigation chart coordinating centers (RENC), and various bundled services like Transas, EADS, and UKHO's ABCS.

What is a SENC and how does it differ from an ENC?

A SENC is a System Electronic Navigational Chart, which is an ENC chart loaded into the ECDIS system. The difference is that once loaded, it becomes part of the system's navigational data.

Can you explain the concept of 'Category of Confidence' in the context of ECDIS data presentation?

The 'Category of Confidence' refers to the level of accuracy assigned to geographical areas within ECDIS data, indicating whether the data meets a minimum set of criteria for position, depth accuracy, and seafloor features. It is represented by stars in a triangle, with 6 stars indicating the highest accuracy.

How does the accuracy of depth measurements work in ECDIS, especially with the 'A1' category?

In the 'A1' category, the position accuracy is 5 meters, and the depth accuracy is 0.5 meters plus 1 percent of the depth. For example, at a depth of 10 meters, the depth accuracy would be 0.5 meters plus 0.1 meters (1 percent of 10 meters), totaling 0.6 meters.

Outlines

00:00

🗺️ Introduction to Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems

This paragraph introduces the fourth week's lecture on the operational use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). The learning outcome is to understand the difference between electronic chart systems and their various data formats, including software, and to discuss how this data is presented for safe navigation. It emphasizes the compliance of ECDIS with the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention and the necessity of having the latest electronic navigational charts. The paragraph also covers the distinction between ECDIS and ECS (Electronic Chart System), explaining that ECDIS is a type-approved hardware and software system used for primary navigation, while ECS is an electronic chart software used as a navigational aid but does not meet SOLAS requirements for chart carriage. The importance of data quality and the concept of paperless navigation using ECDIS are also highlighted.

05:02

📊 Understanding Vector and Raster Charts in Navigation

The second paragraph delves into the principal types of electronic charts used in navigation: vector and raster charts. Vector charts offer a detailed, object-based representation, where each object is computerized and identified, allowing for features like automatic alarms and customizable settings. Raster charts, on the other hand, are scanned images of paper charts, offering a traditional graphic orientation but lacking the interactive capabilities of vector charts. The advantages and disadvantages of both chart types are discussed, including production costs, memory requirements, and ease of correction. The paragraph also mentions various providers of raster charts and the upcoming availability of ENC (Electronic Navigational Charts) by April 10, 2021, indicating that all shipping areas will have ENC coverage.

10:03

🔍 Data Presentation and Customization in ECDIS

This paragraph focuses on how data is presented in ECDIS, emphasizing the importance of flexibility and simplicity in the user interface. It discusses the different levels of data presentation, including base display, standard display, and custom display, each serving different navigational needs. Base display provides fundamental land and water contours, while standard display includes additional navigational aids. Custom display allows navigators to select specific objects to display, such as depth contours and names of areas. The paragraph also touches on equipment interfaces with ECDIS, such as AIS (Automatic Identification System), ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid), and radar overlays, which enhance navigational safety and efficiency.

15:04

📡 Equipment Interfaces and Data Presentation in ECDIS

The fourth paragraph continues the discussion on equipment interfaces with ECDIS, highlighting the integration of AIS for improved vessel traffic safety and the use of radar overlays for navigational assistance. It also covers the various ways to manipulate chart display, such as changing scale, orientation, and screen layout, to suit the navigator's preferences and watch requirements. Additionally, the paragraph explains how navigational warnings and geographical areas indicating potential dangers, such as grounding or pollution risks, can be graphically presented on the chart for added safety.

20:06

📐 Accuracy and Confidence in Electronic Navigational Charts

The final paragraph addresses the importance of accuracy in electronic navigational charts, particularly the concept of 'Category Zone of Confidence' which indicates the level of accuracy and reliability of the chart data. It explains how different categories, represented by stars within a triangle, reflect the quality of survey data for position, depth, and seafloor features. The paragraph provides examples of how to interpret these categories for position and depth accuracy, emphasizing the need for navigators to understand and apply this information to ensure safe navigation. It concludes with a reminder of the significance of these concepts in the context of ECDIS operations and the upcoming examination.

Keywords

💡Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)

ECDIS refers to a navigation system that electronically displays maritime charts and related navigational information. It is central to the video's theme as it is the primary system discussed for safe navigation. The script mentions that ECDIS must comply with the SOLAS convention and be loaded with the latest ENC and MSM for route planning and monitoring.

💡Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)

SOLAS is an international treaty that sets safety standards for ships. In the context of the video, it specifies the requirements that ECDIS must meet to ensure the safety of navigation. The script emphasizes that ECDIS must be in compliance with SOLAS to be used for safe navigation.

💡Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)

ENC is a digital nautical chart used for navigation purposes, updated regularly, and required for ECDIS. The script discusses the importance of loading the latest ENCs into the ECDIS for safe navigation and route planning.

💡Maritime Safety Committee (MSC)

MSC is a committee within the International Maritime Organization (IMO) that develops safety standards for international shipping. The script mentions MSC in relation to the performance standards for ECDIS, indicating its role in setting regulations for maritime safety.

💡Vector Chart

A vector chart is a type of electronic chart that uses vector graphics to represent nautical information. It is object-oriented and allows for detailed representation and customization. The script explains that vector charts are used in ECDIS for their ability to provide alarms and customizable settings.

💡Raster Chart

Raster charts are digital images of paper charts, similar to a scanned copy. They are discussed in the script as an alternative to vector charts, with advantages such as low cost and similarity to paper charts, but also disadvantages like being a 'dead chart' with limited functionality.

💡Object-Oriented Data

Object-oriented data refers to the way information is structured in vector charts, where each element is an object that can be individually manipulated or identified. The script uses this term to describe the flexibility and detailed nature of vector charts in ECDIS.

💡Paperless Navigation

This concept refers to the use of ECDIS as the primary navigation system, eliminating the need for paper charts. The script mentions paperless navigation as a result of using ECDIS with type-approved hardware and software, along with official charts.

💡Position Accuracy

Position accuracy is a measure of how precisely a system can determine its location. The script discusses the importance of position accuracy in relation to the quality of data in ECDIS and how it affects safe navigation.

💡Depth Accuracy

Depth accuracy is the precision of the depth measurements provided by the ECDIS. The script provides examples of how depth accuracy is calculated and its significance for safe navigation, especially when navigating in shallow waters.

💡Category Zone of Confidence

The Category Zone of Confidence is a system used to rate the quality of hydrographic data in an ECDIS. The script explains that this system assigns values to geographical areas to indicate the accuracy of the data, which is crucial for assessing the reliability of the chart for navigation.

Highlights

The learning outcome is to describe the difference between Electronic Chart System (ECS) and Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), including various data formats and software.

ECDIS must comply with the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention and be loaded with the latest Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) for safe navigation.

ECDIS is not just a chart but also an information system that requires type-approved hardware and software, making it suitable for primary navigation.

ECS is an electronic chart software that does not meet SOLAS requirements and is only a navigational aid, not a substitute for paper charts.

The distinction between ECS and ECDIS is that ECDIS can be used for primary navigation without paper charts, while ECS cannot.

Vector charts in ECDIS offer detailed, layered, and object-oriented data, while raster charts are simple scanned copies of paper charts with limited functionality.

Raster charts are inexpensive to produce but have limitations like being a 'dead chart' with no alarms, limited zoom options, and require large memory capacity.

Vector charts provide advantages such as automatic alarms, customizable display settings, and easier correction of errors, but they are expensive and time-consuming to produce.

ENC data is distributed and updated through various methods, including National Hydrographic Offices, Regional ENC Coordinating Centers (RENCs), and bundled services like Transas and UKHO.

When ENC data is loaded into the system, it becomes a System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC), which speeds up the loading process and offers more efficient navigation.

ECDIS offers different data presentation modes like base display, standard display, and custom display, allowing navigators to choose the information they want to view.

ECDIS can interface with other equipment like ARPA, AIS, and radar overlay, enhancing the navigation experience by integrating real-time data with chart information.

The presentation of data on ECDIS includes customizable chart display categories and the ability to adjust the scale and orientation of the chart for better navigation.

ECDIS also provides navigational and chart warnings, along with graphical presentations of potential dangers like grounding or pollution areas.

Zone of Confidence (ZOC) categories on ECDIS indicate the reliability of data in terms of position and depth accuracy, helping navigators assess the quality of the information.

Transcripts

good day gentlemen

we are now on our week four for our nab

seats

lecture for the operational use of

electronic chart display and information

system okay the learning outcome is to

describe the difference between

electronic chart system and act this

including its various data format

including software okay discuss also the

presentation of this data in the safety

of navigation so electronic chart it is

an introduction to the principle used

for creating electronic chart so to

provide for safe navigation and

electronic chart display and information

system

must comply with the requirements of the

safety of life at sea solas convention

it must be loaded with the latest

electron navigational chart enc and msm

route planning and monitoring function

the ancr electronic vector chart

electronic vector chart produced by a

national hydrographic there are many

electronic chart formats however most

are not officially recognized and cannot

be employed for

safe

navigation

so we'll discuss the following

electronic chart system electronic

navigational chart equities data

definition related to activities

object oriented data vector data

presentation independence of data

presentation practice data

enc electronic navigational chart cell

data structure and database of the

at least and its attribute so we hope to

cover all of this and gentlemen quality

of data that is the cuts off gentlemen

we will also discuss that all right when

is a

navigational electronic chart system or

nec s navigational electronic charge

system is a general term for all

electronic equipment that is capable of

displaying a better position on a chart

image on a screen that is a navigational

electronic chart system now basically we

have two classes of navigational

electronic chart system as discussed in

the

last lecture

okay the first is an electronic chart

display and information

system at this which meets meets the

imozola's chart currency requirement the

second of course is the ecs electronic

chart system which can be used to assist

navigation but does not meet i am on

solas chart carriage requirement so that

is the difference between these two

systems okay again what is eclis at this

is an electronic chart display

information system it is not just a

chart it is also an information system

so

imo this performance standard assembly

817 session 19

of the sdcw

electronic chart display and information

system means navigation information

system with advocate backup arrangement

the path merging backup arrangement can

be accepted as complying with the

up-to-date chart requirement regulation

19 chapter 5 and chapter 5 regulation 27

of the 1974

solas convention so what is the

difference between the ecs and the

atleast okay the ecs electronic chart

system

is an electronic chart software it is an

official chart and non-approved hardware

so it cannot be used

as an aid to navigation now while at

this which is an electronic charge

display and information system this is a

type approved hardware so not only the

software type appropriately software but

also the hardware it is approved

installation with certification official

chart are used pnc senc arcs chart

correction subscription and who has been

trained for the usage of such equipment

at least can be used for primary

navigation

so using this the paper chart is no

longer used on board we call this the

paperless navigation so that is the use

of eclipse now distinction ecs is an

electronic chart system again it is only

a navigational aid not a substitute for

paper chart all chart formats permitted

official and non-official status

definition the status is not approved as

the primary use for navigation

for the egg disk it is a primary

navigation system substitute of paper

chart it's permitted so when we are

using egg this with a backup of another

xds then there is no more paper chart

paperless navigation using enc chart

clear definition if using non-official

data this becomes an easier so the chart

must be official now also the raster

chart display system is included in the

xds

if

xd is using official rnc charger it will

be part of system so primary navigation

system if the area is not covered by enc

so back up substitution of paper chart

depends on the plug state and if using

artificial data act this becomes an

ecs

we will now discuss the equipment uh

specific active screening

principle types of electronic chart

so what are these principal types of

electronic

chart being used by our activities

so we have two

the vector chart and the raster chart so

the vector chart is a

more on a

detailed representation of the chart and

is

said to be vectorized or

object is computerized

and identified so for example we have

the depth 20 to 30 so it has a separate

object so it is an object layer upon

layer object upon object so each object

is identified in the vector whereas in

the raster it is only a one

representation or it is just like a scan

copy or a photocopy of a paper

chart that is the raster chart

okay the raster chart will

show traditional graphic oriented data

while the uh similar to a paper chart

while the vector chart will show object

based data so each object is said to be

vectorized or its object is said to be

computerized identified in the vector

chart raster charts are also arcs

admiralty raster chart services came

from the arcs c pair bsb nls and other

provider so this is an scan chart and

image of a paper chart

the advantage inexpensive to produce

similar to paper chart disadvantage it

is a dead chart okay cannot be used for

alarms limited zoom of option required

large memory capacity

expensive to correct because you must

have a new thruster chart to have a

corrected one only easy to read in north

up orientation so yeah the orientation

is mostly

while the vector chart uh this this is a

digitalized paper chart

every object is defined and identified

and grouped in layers that can be

selected within the set safety

parameters so it is a layer upon layer

upon layer just

just as what i have shown you earlier so

advantage is automatic alarm is

generated it will tell you if you are in

danger or coming into a danger area

optional information customize settings

you can customize the display resetting

zoom zoomable into a smaller to larger

scale easy to correct even when you are

on board very easy to correct requires

little memory capacity quick loading

information can be added through files

etc readable in all presentation head up

north app and force

presentation according to the safety

parameter of the old ship all right so

the disadvantage is it is expensive

and time demanding to produce

layout can be a bit different from paper

chart the display coding errors even in

official enc can uh still happen so that

is a disadvantage

now the raster navigational chart is

produced by the arcs admiralty raster

chart services to the ukho the nova

national oceanographic atmospheric

administration of the united states the

zipper

and of course yeah uk xo

through the admiralty raster chart

service

provided by uh the uk xo website also

the s57 is produced by the primar ice

and of course the

ukho

and that is the

also comes from the uh

admiralty chart service of the uk expo

okay trans us produces tx

97

charts also

cmap also produce scm 93 chart okay okay

by april 10 enc will be available it is

now 2021 so there is no area now that is

not available with

enc so this is uh the area where ships

are trading so they have encina okay now

the distribution of this enc is of

course with all chart being produced by

the national hydrographic office the

distribution and updating are managed in

different ways so through the national

hydrographic office itself through renc

it is a regional electronic navigation

chart coordinating center its major

geographic area of the world will have

its own r e and c okay so that is how

the chart is distributed also through r

e and c

and also through various bundled

services like transas thug so we have

the transest

eads and we have the uk xo which also

provides admiralty vector chart services

abcs so when an enc chart is loaded uh

how does it work when an anc chart is

loaded into the system it becomes a

senc

this is a system electronic navigational

chart so that is what happens when an

enc chart is loaded all right it is uh

through a usb with the file coming from

the provider the distributor which could

be the uk expo or the uh abcs ukho abcs

administrative vector chart services so

with touch you can load pre-processed

data which saves you a lot of time

during the loading of the base

cd so

this the loading of this is

much faster than the

normal senc that is the transas

admiralty data service okay we go now to

the presentation of this data we just

finished the

types of at this chart system that we

have discussed the vector chart and the

raster used by atleast

now we go to the presentation of

equidata so if this data is

presented and

aim should be the aim of the

presentation design and presented

presentation standard to provide as much

diversity and flexibility as possible as

long as the system remains simple and

straightforward to use this flexibility

presentation may include

displaying and removing various type of

chart and uncharted information so

according to the perspective of the

navigator in which the data

he wants to be displayed

right so this is the

this presentation of the data which

includes the chart of course and also

the

information of the the control and the

information of the sensor connector to

the chart and also the the different

setting of the display of the data of

the chart so we have the chart display

category base display we call this the

base display of the chart and this is

one of the presentation of data so it is

just the

contour of the land and the water so

this is the first layer of the vector

chart so we do not use this base for

navigation

what we use next is the standard display

so the chart display category standard

display is

used for navigation with less data

display so it displays the

traffic separation the

light

and the the uh

yellow voyage system the voyage the boy

that is needed on the chart all right

next

presentation of data is the custom

where the navigator can

choose select what object he wants to

display like the example is the

the depth the contour

and and the sounding of the water

right and also the names

of the chart or the area

information characteristic of the boy

and other information so it's up to the

navigator to choose so this is

what we call the chart display custom

customize

display

all right now another presentation of

this data are the equipment

interface with the eclipse that such as

the alpha the ais

and the radar

overlay for example the ais which will

display the ais data also the arpa that

can be used to acquire the the object of

the target on the axis if activated

and also the radar overlay which we can

overlay the

radar on the end so these are the three

interface equipment alpha radar overlay

and the ais all right so don't forget

that uh gentlemen also interface again

with the ais it is an automatic

communication identification system

intended to improve the safety of

navigation

by assisting the efficient operation of

vessel traffic

services ship reporting ship to shift

and shift visual

operations so that is the ais an example

of a transponder that is also overlaying

with the alpha radar so don't forget the

operator other

display data is changing the scale of

the or the orientation of the display of

the chart okay changing the scale which

is from a larger to smaller smaller to

larger scale also selecting the true

motion and the relative motion display

of the chart that is the shift

motion mode and we have the changing of

the screen layout so according to the

watch

and

according to the preferred display

layout or screen layout of the observed

dewatch also navigation and chart

warning

also can be displayed on the chart and

also on the data here

also geographic presentation of computer

valuation of grounding

area so usually a grounding

danger

area will be

lighter

blue as a shallow area right graphical

presentation of a pollution danger

will also provide

be provided as an ex presentation of

access

data where we can see our vessel

is running into a pollution danger all

right also one of the presentation of

equities data is the cursor category

zone of confidence

and so

so cuts off values are assigned to

geographical areas to indicate whether

the data meets a minimum set of criteria

for position depth accuracy and sea

floor operates so the console simply

tells us the survey of the area if it is

accurate so it will give us a category

zone of confidence so what are this

display it is displayed as a star the

number of star

in a triangle so it has a meaning

maximum is 6 5 4 3 2 and we have here 2

and that is the u

and

that is

undefined or not set undefined

we have the

letter d to star for letter c is three

star

for letter d four star five five star

a two a one and the

six stars right so the most accurate is

the a1

okay b is still good so how do we apply

this support position accuracy if we

have the a1 5 star is 5 meters accuracy

position accuracy for the depth accuracy

is 0.5 meters plus 1 percent of the

depth so if the depth is 10 meters

so the accuracy is 0.5 plus 1 percent of

the depth 1 of 10 is 0.1

so this will become plus 0.1

so it will be

0.6 meters all right so try to

take note of this gentleman

so 0.5 it will become 0.6 for example of

a 10 meters depth all right and

that will be deducted to the 10 meters

so the probable depth accuracy of the 10

meters depth

is 9.4 less

0.6 meters

so try to remember that

gentlemen of my example

right

let's send another example let's say uh

see

that the position accuracy is 500 meters

so the position

actually is not the vessel but the

position of key there so the depth could

be uh

it says there 10 meters depth but the

accuracy is

500 meters

more or less around that 500 meters plus

or minus

500 meters

now the depth accuracy if

it is

because of c

it will be uh two meters

plus five percent of the depth let's say

the depth is ten meters

so ten meters five percent is point five

so added to two meters is 2.5 meters

deducted to again to the 10 meters so

the rear

the depth of the water could be minus

2.5 is 7.5

meters accuracy okay so that could be

the uh

depth of the water

7.5 okay so it is much safer to deduct

it than other

gentlemen

so it's probably

7.5 meters

all right that is our example

so try to remember that that will be

included

in your exam thank you very much

gentlemen

and

good luck with your piece you will have

your

please

today

thank you