Peristiwa Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia - Bagian 1 | Sejarah Indonesia
Summary
TLDRThis historical video script discusses pivotal events leading to Indonesia's declaration of independence. It covers Japan's defeat in World War II, promises of independence to gain Indonesian support, and the formation of BPUPKI and PPKI. The script highlights the development of Pancasila, the Jakarta Charter, and the tension between the young generation's eagerness for immediate independence and the elder statesmen's cautious approach, culminating in the Proclamation of Independence on August 17, 1945.
Takeaways
- 🗓️ The script discusses significant events leading up to Indonesia's declaration of independence, including Japan's defeat in World War II and the promises of independence made to Indonesia by Japan.
- 🏛️ The formation of BPUPKI (Investigation Committee for Independence Preparation) and PPKI (Preparation Committee for Indonesian Independence) is highlighted as a critical step towards Indonesia's independence.
- 📜 The Pancasila, derived from Sanskrit meaning 'five principles', was introduced by Soekarno as the foundational philosophy of the Indonesian state during the BPUPKI's first session.
- 📅 The Jakarta Charter (Piagam Jakarta) was a preliminary draft of the opening of the constitution, which was later revised to become the preamble of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia.
- 🌟 June 1st is celebrated as Pancasila Day in Indonesia, commemorating the introduction of the state's foundational principles.
- 💥 The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki marked the peak of Japan's defeat, which accelerated the process of granting independence to Indonesia.
- 📣 Japan's surrender was announced on August 15, 1945, ending World War II, but the news was initially withheld from the Indonesian public by the Japanese authorities.
- 📡 Sutan Syahrir, a young Indonesian, managed to listen to the BBC broadcast that announced Japan's surrender, providing crucial information to the Indonesian independence movement.
- 🤝 A meeting in Dalat, Vietnam, between Indonesian leaders and General Terauchi confirmed Japan's decision to grant independence to Indonesia once the Indonesian people were ready to declare it.
- 🔥 Tensions arose between the older generation, represented by Soekarno and Hatta, who were part of the PPKI, and the younger generation, who were eager to declare independence immediately without Japanese involvement.
- 🌅 The script hints at the 'Rengasdengklok Incident', which is set to be discussed in the second part of the video, indicating a significant event in the lead-up to the proclamation of Indonesian independence.
Q & A
What was the significance of the Japanese defeat against the Allies in 1944?
-The Japanese defeat against the Allies in 1944 marked the beginning of the end for Japan in World War II, leading to a loss of confidence among the Indonesian people in Japan's ability to protect and lead them.
What was the promise made by Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso on September 7, 1944?
-Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso officially promised the independence of Indonesia to gain the trust and support of the Indonesian people in their fight against the Allies.
What was the purpose of the BPUPKI and who led it?
-The BPUPKI (Investigation Committee for Independence Preparation) was established by Japan under the leadership of Radjiman Widyodiningrat to prepare for Indonesia's independence by investigating and preparing various aspects of governance.
What was the outcome of the first BPUPKI meeting held from May 29 to June 1, 1945?
-The first BPUPKI meeting resulted in the formulation of the basic principles of the Indonesian state, known as Pancasila, which was announced by Soekarno on June 1, 1945.
Why was the Panitia Sembilan formed and what did they achieve?
-The Panitia Sembilan, led by Soekarno, was formed to bridge the disagreements between the first and second BPUPKI meetings. They achieved the drafting of the Jakarta Charter, an early version of the opening of the 1945 Constitution.
What was the role of PPKI and who were its key members?
-The PPKI (Preparation Committee for Indonesian Independence) was formed as a continuation of BPUPKI to prepare for the actual declaration of Indonesian independence. It was led by Soekarno and included key members like Mohamad Hatta.
What event marked the peak of Japan's defeat against the Allies?
-The peak of Japan's defeat was marked by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, which significantly damaged Japan's morale and led to an inevitable surrender.
What was the significance of the meeting between Soekarno, Mohamad Hatta, and General Terauchi on August 12, 1945?
-The meeting confirmed Japan's decision to grant independence to Indonesia, with the condition that the Indonesian people were ready to declare it, and discussed the implementation plans for Indonesia's independence.
How did the young generation, known as Golongan Muda, differ from the older generation in their approach to independence?
-Golongan Muda, consisting of young and student activists, wanted to fight for Indonesian independence without the involvement of PPKI, which was seen as a Japanese-established institution, unlike the older generation who were part of BPUPKI and PPKI.
What was the Rengasdengklok incident and how did it influence the path to independence?
-The Rengasdengklok incident refers to the disagreement between the older and younger factions on the declaration of independence. It highlighted the tension between those who wanted immediate independence and those who preferred a more cautious approach.
What was the urgency behind the Golongan Muda's visit to Soekarno's house on August 15, 1945?
-The Golongan Muda visited Soekarno to pressure him to declare independence by August 16, 1945, reflecting their impatience and desire for immediate action towards independence.
Outlines
📜 Prologue to Indonesia's Proclamation of Independence
This paragraph sets the stage for the historical events leading up to Indonesia's independence. It mentions significant occurrences such as Japan's defeat in World War II, promises of independence granted by Japan to Indonesia, the establishment of BPUPKI and PPKI, and the upcoming discussion of events from Rengasdengklok to the actual proclamation in the second part of the video. The paragraph also touches on the loss of confidence in Japan by the Indonesian people and Japan's attempt to regain support by promising independence, officially announced by Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso on September 7, 1944.
🏛 The Formation of BPUPKI and the Birth of Pancasila
The second paragraph delves into the formation of BPUPKI, a preparatory body for Indonesian independence, under the leadership of Radjiman Wedyodiningrat with 60 Indonesian and seven Japanese members. It highlights the first BPUPKI meeting from May 29 to June 1, 1945, at the Central Sangi Building in Jakarta, now known as the Pancasila Building. The main goal was to determine the foundational principles of the Indonesian state, which were presented by Soekarno as Pancasila, derived from Sanskrit meaning 'five principles.' The paragraph also discusses the formation of the Panitia Sembilan, led by Soekarno, which resulted in the Jakarta Charter, a precursor to the 1945 Constitution's preamble.
🕊️ The Final Steps Towards Indonesia's Independence
The final paragraph discusses the second BPUPKI meeting, which took place from July 10 to 17, 1945, focusing on the draft of the constitution, citizenship, economic defense, and education. It also covers the dissolution of BPUPKI after its perceived completion of tasks. Following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan's surrender became imminent, leading to the establishment of PPKI, chaired by Soekarno and including Moh Hatta among its members. The paragraph describes the tense negotiations between the Japanese and Indonesian leaders, culminating in Japan's promise of independence to Indonesia. It also mentions the young activist Sutan Syahrir, who managed to listen to the BBC broadcast about Japan's surrender, information that was withheld from the Indonesian leaders at the time.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Proclamation of Independence
💡BPUPKI
💡Pancasila
💡PPKI
💡Japanese Occupation
💡Rengasdengklok
💡Hirohito
💡Soekarno
💡Moh Hatta
💡Pancasila Building
💡Jakarta Charter
Highlights
The video discusses the historical events leading to Indonesia's declaration of independence.
Japan's defeat by the Allies was a significant turning point, with signs of defeat visible since early 1944.
Japan's promise of independence to Indonesia was officially announced by Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso on September 7, 1944.
The formation of BPUPKI and PPKI as part of the preparation for Indonesia's independence.
BPUPKI, led by Radjiman Widyodiningrat, aimed to prepare for Indonesia's independence by investigating governance issues.
The first BPUPKI meeting resulted in the formulation of the Pancasila, the ideological foundation of the Indonesian state.
The Pancasila was announced by Soekarno on June 1, 1945, marking the birth of the Indonesian state ideology.
The formation of the Panitia Sembilan led to the creation of the Jakarta Charter, a precursor to the 1945 Constitution.
The second BPUPKI meeting focused on discussing the draft of the constitution, citizenship, and national defense.
The disbandment of BPUPKI after the completion of its tasks, coinciding with Japan's peak defeat.
Japan's atomic bombings and the subsequent surrender, marking the end of World War II.
The establishment of PPKI under Soekarno's leadership to prepare for the actual declaration of independence.
The meeting in Dalat, Vietnam, where General Terauchi confirmed Japan's decision to grant independence to Indonesia.
The struggle of young Indonesians, represented by Sutan Syahrir, to receive news of Japan's defeat despite censorship.
The tension between the老一辈 (golongan tua) and the young generation (golongan muda) over the declaration of independence.
The Rengasdengklok incident, a significant event to be discussed in the second part of the video.
Transcripts
Hai pada video Sejarah Kali ini kita
akan membahas tentang peristiwa
proklamasi kemerdekaan
Indonesia bagian kesatu simak terus ya
teman-teman sebelum Proklamasi
Kemerdekaan Indonesia ada beberapa
peristiwa penting yang terjadi di
antaranya Kekalahan jepang terhadap
sekutu
janji kemerdekaan yang diberikan Jepang
terhadap Indonesia
pembentukan BPUPKI dan PPKI
semua ini akan kita bahas pada video
bagian kesatu selanjutnya mulai dari
peristiwa Rengasdengklok sampai
pelaksanaan proklamasi kemerdekaan
Indonesia akan kita bahas pada video
bagian kedua kita bahas satu persatu ya
Kekalahan jepang terhadap sekutu yang
menjadi titik awal Hai peristiwa
proklamasi kemerdekaan
Indonesia teman-teman sebenarnya
tanda-tanda Kekalahan jepang terhadap
sekutu sudah terlihat sejak awal tahun
1944 dimana Jepang mengalami banyak
kekalahan terhadap sekutu dalam perang
dunia 2 saat itu rakyat Indonesia mulai
kehilangan kepercayaannya terhadap
Jepang namun Jepang ingin merangkul
rakyat Indonesia agar mendukungnya dalam
perang melawan sekutu
Oleh karena itu untuk memperoleh
kepercayaan dan dukungan rakyat
Indonesia pada tanggal 7 Sep
1944 Perdana Menteri Kuniaki Koiso
secara resmi mengumumkannya
janji kemerdekaan Indonesia di kemudian
hari Nah teman-teman untuk mensukseskan
kemerdekaan Indonesia
khasiat panjang matangkan ya sebagai
bentuk persiapannya maka pada tanggal
satu Maret
1945 Jepang di bawah pimpinan Letjen
kumakici Harada membentuk BPUPKI badan
penyelidik usaha-usaha kemerdekaan
Indonesia dalam bahasa Jepang disebut
Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai
badan ini diketuai oleh Radjiman
widyodiningrat dan beranggotakan 60
tokoh Indonesia dan tujuh tokoh Jepang
BPUPKI bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan
kemerdekaan Indonesia tugas anggotanya
adalah menyelidiki
mempelajari dan mempersiapkan berbagai
hal terkait masalah tata pemerintahan
Indonesia jika kelak diberi kemerdekaan
oleh Jepang
untuk mempersiapkan kemerdekaan
Indonesia
jauh PKI melakukan dua kali
sidang-sidang pertama dilakukan pada
tanggal
29.mei sampai 1 Juni
1945 di gedung Chuo Sangi Jakarta yang
sekarang dikenal dengan nama Gedung
Pancasila
tujuan sidang pertama BPUPKI ini adalah
untuk menentukan rumusan dasar negara
pada hari terakhir sidang yaitu tanggal
1 Juni
1945 Dalam pidatonya Soekarno
menyampaikan rumusan dasar negara yang
Beliau bernama Pancasila yang berasal
dari bahasa Sansekerta yaitu Panca
artinya lima sila artinya dasar jadi
Pancasila adalah lima dasar negara oleh
karena itu setiap tanggal 1juni kita
peringati sebagai hari lahir Pancasila
teman-teman sampai sidang pertama BPUPKI
Kai berakhir rumusan dasar negara masih
belum disepakati maka pada masa antara
sidang pertama dan sebelum sidang kedua
dibentuklah Panitia Sembilan yang
diketuai oleh Soekarno pada tanggal 22
Jun
1945 Panitia Sembilan melakukan
pertemuan melalui perundingan yang cukup
sulit akhirnya dihasilkan Piagam Jakarta
teman-teman Piagam Jakarta merupakan
rancangan awal dari pembukaan
undang-undang dasar yang nantinya
setelah direvisi menjadi pembukaan
undang-undang Dasar
1945 yang saat ini pembacaannya menjadi
agenda wajib dalam setiap upacara
bendera
selanjutnya sidang kedua BPUPKI
berlangsung pada tanggal
10-17 Juli 1945yg
dan agenda membahas tentang rancangan
undang-undang dasar wilayah NKRI
kewarganegaraan ekonomi bela negara dan
pendidikan setelah sidang kedua berakhir
BPUPKI kemudian dibubarkan
karena dianggap tugasnya telah selesai
Setelah BPUPKI bubar Jepang mengalami
Puncak kekalahannya terhadap sekutu yang
ditandai dengan pengeboman Kota
Hiroshima oleh sekutu pada tanggal 6
Agustus
1945
peristiwa bom atom ini telah menjatuhkan
martabat bangsa Jepang Kekalahan jepang
terhadap sekutu tidak dapat
disembunyikan lagi keesokan harinya
setelah pengeboman Kota Hiroshima
yaitu pada tanggal 7 Agustus
1945 Jepang
Hai mempertegas janjinya kepada rakyat
Indonesia untuk memberikan kemerdekaan
Jepang di bawah kepemimpinan Jenderal
Terauchi membentuk PPKI Panitia
Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia dalam
bahasa Jepang disebut Dokuritsu Junbi
Inkai
sebagai kelanjutan dari BPUPKI PPKI
diketuai oleh Soekarno dan diwakili oleh
Moh Hatta anggotanya terdiri dari 21
tokoh Indonesia
dua hari setelah pembentukan PPKI yaitu
pada tanggal 9 Agustus
1945 sekutu kembali meluncurkan serangan
bom atom di Jepang Kali ini di Kota
Nagasaki
di hari yang sama saat pengeboman kota
Nagasaki
Jenderal Terauchi mengundang Soekarno
Moh Hatta
Hai dan Radjiman widyodiningrat untuk
datang ke Dalat Vietnam
teman-teman pengeboman Kota Hiroshima
dan Nagasaki membuat Jepang tidak
berkutik terhadap sekutu
sehari setelah pengeboman kota Nagasaki
berita tentang kekalahan Jepang mulai
menyebar namun pada saat itu Jepang
telah menyita seluruh radio milik rakyat
Indonesia agar berita tentang kekalahan
Jepang yang disiarkan dunia tidak
didengar oleh rakyat Indonesia lalu
Bagaimana berita tentang kekalahan
Jepang ini bisa sampai di telinga rakyat
Indonesia beberapa orang salah satunya
seorang pemuda bernama Sutan Syahrir
sengaja menyembunyikan radio miliknya
sehingga tidak tersita oleh Jepang pada
tanggal 10 Agustus
1945 Sutan Syahrir mendengar berita
melalui siaran radio BBC bridges
sing corporation bahwa Jepang akan
menyerah kepada sekutu namun berita ini
tidak diketahui oleh Soekarno Moh Hatta
dan Radjiman karena ketiga tokoh ini
sedang dalam perjalanan menuju Dalat
Vietnam ketiga tokoh ini sampai di Dalat
dan mengadakan pertemuan dengan Jepang
pada tanggal 12 Agustus
1945 dalam pertemuan itu Jenderal
Terauchi mengatakan bahwa pemerintah
Jepang sudah memutuskan akan memberikan
kemerdekaan kepada Indonesia kapanpun
bangsa Indonesia siap kemerdekaan boleh
dinyatakan
pembicaraan kemudian dilanjutkan
membahas tentang rancangan pelaksanaan
kemerdekaan Indonesia di akhir pertemuan
Jenderal Terauchi memberi selamat kepada
Soekarno dan Moh Hatta sebagai ketua dan
wakil ketua PPKI suka
yo Moh Hatta dan Radjiman kembali ke
Indonesia pada tanggal 14 Agustus
1945
Sesampainya di Indonesia Soekarno Hatta
dan Radjiman mendengar berita tentang
Kekalahan jepang terhadap sekutu dari
golongan muda teman-teman Pada masa itu
terdapat Golongan muda yaitu para pemuda
dan pelajar Indonesia yang ingin
berjuang memerdekakan bangsa Indonesia
tanpa melalui PPKI sebab PPKI merupakan
lembaga yang dibentuk Jepang sedangkan
golongan tua terdiri dari tokoh-tokoh
senior seperti Soekarno Hatta dan
anggota BPUPKI
serta PPKI
pada tanggal 15 Agustus
1945 Jepang menyerah tanpa syarat kepada
sekutu
Hai dan berakhirlah perang dunia 2
di hari yang sama sekitar pukul 21.00
kolongan muda yang dipimpin oleh wikana
dan Darwis datang ke rumah Soekarno di
Jalan Pegangsaan Timur Nomor 56 Jakarta
untuk mendesak Soekarno agar
memproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia
paling lambat enam belas agustus
1945 namun Soekarno menolak sebagai
ketua PPKI Soekarno ingin melakukan
musyawarah dengan seluruh anggota PPKI
untuk mempersiapkan kemerdekaan
Indonesia Hal ini didukung juga oleh Moh
Hatta yang mengatakan bahwa kami tidak
Menurut Soekarno dan Moh Hatta Jepang
akan mengakui kemerdekaan Indonesia jika
dilaksanakan oleh PPKI
perbedaan pendapat antara golongan tua
Hai dan golongan muda ini mendorong
terjadinya peristiwa Rengasdengklok Nah
teman-teman sudah pernah mendengar
tentang peristiwa Rengasdengklok yang
akan kita bahas di video bagian kedua
simak terus ya
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