Approaches- AQA Psychology UNDER 20 MINS! Quick Revision for Paper 2
Summary
TLDRThis video script offers a rapid-fire overview of various psychological approaches, including structuralism, behaviorism, social learning theory, cognitive psychology, biological psychology, psychodynamic theory, and humanism. It discusses the evolution of psychology from introspection to empirical research, the role of internal mental processes, and the impact of genetics, environment, and unconscious processes on behavior. The script also touches on the scientific methods used in psychology, the influence of cognitive neuroscience, and the importance of considering all aspects of human experience for a holistic understanding.
Takeaways
- 🎓 The video provides a quick overview of various approaches in psychology, including structuralism, behaviorism, social learning theory, cognitive psychology, biological psychology, and psychodynamic and humanistic approaches.
- 🔍 Structuralism, introduced by Wilhelm Wundt, focused on breaking down thoughts into elements to understand the structure of the mind through introspection.
- 🐦 Behaviorism, pioneered by John B. Watson and later B.F. Skinner, emphasized observable behaviors and learning through classical and operant conditioning, rejecting introspection in favor of experimental methods.
- 🤝 Social learning theory by Albert Bandura built upon behaviorism by incorporating internal mental processes and the role of observation and modeling in learning.
- 💡 The cognitive approach views the mind as an information processing system, with theories and models such as the working memory model explaining mental processes like attention and memory.
- 🧬 The biological approach considers behavior as a result of physical processes within the body, including genetic factors, brain activity, and hormonal influences.
- 💆♂️ The psychodynamic approach, founded by Sigmund Freud, delves into the influence of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences on behavior.
- 🌟 Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and free will, focusing on the healthy aspects of human behavior rather than pathology.
- 🔑 Key concepts such as schemas, inferences, and cognitive models help explain how individuals process information and make decisions.
- 🧠 Advancements in cognitive neuroscience have allowed for the linking of cognitive processes with brain activity, providing neurobiological support for psychological theories.
- 🌐 The video mentions the influence of socio-cultural factors on behavior and acknowledges the limitations of reductionist approaches that oversimplify complex human behaviors.
- 📚 The script is complemented by additional resources on Patreon, offering a deeper dive into psychological concepts and study aids for students.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video script provided?
-The video script focuses on summarizing different approaches in psychology, including structuralism, behaviorism, social learning theory, cognitive approach, biological approach, psychodynamic approach, and humanistic approach, and how they contribute to the understanding of human behavior and mental processes.
Who is considered the father of psychology and what did he do?
-Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of psychology. He initiated controlled empirical scientific research and opened the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in the 1870s.
What is the structuralism approach in psychology?
-Structuralism is an approach that aimed to uncover the structure of the mind by breaking thoughts about an object into separate elements through introspection, which is the self-examination of one's own conscious experience.
What is the main criticism of the introspection method used in structuralism?
-The main criticism of the introspection method is that internal mental processes cannot be studied scientifically, as they are not observable and are subjective to the individual experiencing them.
What are the two types of conditioning explained in the script?
-The two types of conditioning explained are classical conditioning, which involves learning by association, and operant conditioning, which involves learning by trial and error through the connection between behaviors and consequences.
How does social learning theory differ from behaviorism?
-Social learning theory agrees with behaviorism that behavior results from learning experiences but adds that internal mental processes must be considered. It emphasizes learning in a social context through observation, imitation, and modeling of others' behavior.
What is the cognitive approach's view on the mind and how does it differ from behaviorism?
-The cognitive approach views the mind as a series of stages of mental information processing, similar to a computer's software. It differs from behaviorism by focusing on internal mental processes and the structure of mental processes that result in behavior, rather than just observable behaviors.
What evidence supports the biological approach to understanding behavior?
-The biological approach is supported by evidence from twin and family studies, genetic research, brain scans, and the study of neurotransmitters and hormones, all of which show that physical processes within the body, primarily neurological, influence behavior.
What is the psychodynamic approach and how does it explain behavior?
-The psychodynamic approach, founded by Sigmund Freud, focuses on how unconscious psychological processes shape behavior. It suggests that early childhood experiences form the unconscious mind, which in turn influences our actions and emotions through mechanisms like the id, ego, super-ego, and defense mechanisms.
What is the humanistic approach and how does it contrast with other approaches?
-The humanistic approach focuses on personal growth and free will. It contrasts with other approaches by emphasizing the healthy human condition rather than pathology, and it suggests that individuals have the capacity to self-actualize, or reach their full potential, through meeting their basic needs and striving for self-improvement.
What are some criticisms of the psychodynamic approach?
-Criticisms of the psychodynamic approach include its reliance on case studies that may be biased, the lack of scientific testing for the existence of the unconscious mind, and the unfalsifiability of some of its key concepts, which some argue makes it unscientific.
How does the script describe the role of free will in human behavior according to different psychological approaches?
-The script describes varying views on free will: behaviorism suggests environmental determinism, social learning theory allows for some choice, cognitive approach implies some level of conscious control, biological approach points to biological determinism, psychodynamic approach emphasizes unconscious drives, and humanism asserts the expression of free will and conscious decision-making.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to AQA Psychology Revision
This paragraph introduces a series of 'Psycho Boost' videos designed for AQA psychology revision, aiming to cover all approaches in less than 20 minutes. The speaker encourages viewers to subscribe for more detailed content and mentions support from Patreon, where scripts and additional materials are shared. The video is structured to prompt viewers to guess content as it unfolds, testing their knowledge. It begins with a historical overview of psychology, starting with Wilhelm Wundt, who is credited with establishing the first psychological lab and the structuralism approach, focusing on introspection to understand mental processes. Criticisms of this approach led to the behaviorist movement, which rejected introspection and emphasized observable behaviors and stimuli, with key concepts like classical and operant conditioning introduced by Pavlov and Skinner, respectively.
🔬 The Behaviorist and Social Learning Theories
This section delves into the behaviorist approach, emphasizing its scientific nature through controlled experiments and observable behaviors. It discusses types of reinforcement and punishment within operant conditioning and touches on the ethical implications of using behavioral principles to control human behavior. The paragraph transitions into social learning theory, which incorporates internal mental processes and learning within a social context, challenging the behaviorist's exclusion of mental processes. It highlights Bandura's research on modeling and imitation, the role of mediational processes, and the importance of cognitive factors in learning. The limitations of social learning theory in terms of scientific rigor and generalizability are also noted.
🧠 Cognitive and Biological Approaches to Psychology
The cognitive approach is introduced, emphasizing the mind's information processing and the use of models to represent mental processes, such as memory and attention. It discusses the computer model analogy, the role of schemas, and the scientific nature of cognitive psychology. The biological approach follows, linking behavior to genetic and neurological factors, including the influence of neurotransmitters and hormones. It covers evolutionary perspectives, the role of genetic inheritance in behavior, and the impact of brain structure and chemistry on behavior. The section also addresses criticisms of reductionism and the limitations of biological determinism.
🌐 Psychodynamic and Humanistic Perspectives
The psychodynamic approach is explored, focusing on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences' impact on behavior, with Sigmund Freud's structural model of the mind and psychosexual stages highlighted. Defense mechanisms and the role of the unconscious in shaping behavior are discussed. Humanistic psychology is presented as an alternative, focusing on personal growth, free will, and self-actualization. It critiques deterministic views and emphasizes the importance of individual experience and self-concept in achieving one's full potential. Key concepts like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' client-centered therapy are introduced.
🌟 Comparison of Psychological Approaches
This paragraph provides a comparative analysis of the various psychological approaches discussed in the video. It examines the different perspectives on internal mental processes, the role of the environment, and the influence of biology and learning on behavior. It contrasts the deterministic and holistic views, the methods used in research, and the treatment approaches for psychological disorders. The section also touches on the development of behaviors and the interplay between nature and nurture, concluding with a brief mention of the scientific methods used by each approach and their limitations.
🎉 Conclusion and Acknowledgement of Patrons
The final paragraph wraps up the video by acknowledging the support of patrons, who have contributed to the creation of educational content. It provides a shout-out to specific patrons and expresses gratitude for their support, which helps make more videos like this possible. The speaker hopes that the notes from the video will aid in revision and offers an early view of the explanation video, encouraging viewers to support the channel for more psychology educational content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Structuralism
💡Behaviorism
💡Cognitive Psychology
💡Social Learning Theory
💡Classical Conditioning
💡Operant Conditioning
💡Cognitive Neuroscience
💡Biological Approach
💡Psychodynamic Approach
💡Humanistic Psychology
💡Reductionism
Highlights
The video offers a quick 20-minute revision guide covering various approaches in AQA psychology.
Introduction to Wilhelm Wundt, the father of psychology, and his use of introspection to study internal mental processes.
Structuralism, the first approach in psychology, aimed to uncover the structure of the mind through systematic introspection.
Critique of structuralism by behaviorists who focused on observable behaviors and dismissed introspection.
Behaviorist approach emphasizing classical conditioning and operant conditioning to explain learning.
Social learning theory by Bandura, which incorporates internal mental processes and learning from observation.
Cognitive approach considering the brain as a computer and mental processes as information processing stages.
Biological approach linking behavior to genetic and neurological factors, including the influence of hormones and neurotransmitters.
Psychodynamic approach by Freud focusing on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences shaping behavior.
Humanistic psychology emphasizing personal growth, free will, and the pursuit of self-actualization.
Comparison of different psychological approaches in terms of their view on internal mental processes and determinism.
Discussion on the scientific validity of each approach, including criticisms and the use of experimental methods.
The role of cognitive neuroscience in providing neurobiological support to cognitive models of mental processes.
Ethical considerations in psychological research, such as the use of token economies and environmental determinism.
The impact of schemas, inferences, and cognitive models on understanding behavior and developing artificial intelligence.
Biological determinism and its implications for the development of drug treatments and understanding disorders.
Psychodynamic concepts like the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual stages in development.
Humanistic concepts of self-actualization, hierarchy of needs, and client-centered therapy.
A shout-out to patrons supporting the creation of educational content for psychology students.
Transcripts
[Music]
approaches for AQA psychology 20 minute
revision this psycho boost videos can be
running through all approaches including
the comparisons in less than 20 minutes
it's going to be quick so like say
something that you want more detail on
go check out the full playlist of video
classes on this unit
I have playlists for bio psych and
research methods and paper to do
subscribe if you haven't yet as I'm
going to put up more videos as we go
through the exams this channels content
is supported by psych students like you
on patreon and as a thank you for their
support I've uploaded the script to this
video on to my patreon feed hopefully
it's going to be a handy set of notes in
your prep I've also uploaded a video on
patreon explain how you crates a workout
from your exam performance for example
how many marks do you actually need for
lying style
that video will be on YouTube in a
couple of weeks but all patrons can
watch it right now okay
twenty minutes let's do this my advice
pause when each new title appears and
guess what I'm going to say if you can
play the entire video and guess
correctly you're doing pretty good for
the exam
studying the mind was philosophy bun the
father of psychology start controlled
empirical scientific research open the
first psychological lab in Leipzig
Germany 1870s studying internal mental
processes use introspection looking
inward self-examination analyzing your
own conscious experience to standard
stimuli such as a metronome reporting
present experience such as sensations
emotional reaction and mental images
systematic approach same stimulus
surroundings and instructions the
participants were highly trained
breaking thoughts about an object down
into separate elements was an attempt to
uncover the structure of the mind this
approach was called structuralism one's
work paved the way for latest
scientifically controlled research in
psychology funds work was criticized by
later behaviorists who fought internal
mental processes could not be studied
scientifically by introspection they
focused only on observable input stimuli
and outputs behaviors seeing the minds
of black box not open to scientific
investigation
the study of internal mental processes
was later continued by cognitive
psychologists who build models of how
systems such as memory worked however
they use experimentation and inference
not introspection learning approaches
the behaviorist approach the behaviorist
approach was developed in an attempt to
make psychology more scientific by using
highly controlled experiments criticized
earlier attempt to study internal mental
processes seeing the mind as a black box
classical conditioning learning by
association learning happens when a
neutral stimulus is constantly paired
with an unconditioned stimulus so they
eventually the neutral stimulus becomes
a conditioned stimulus producing the
response caused by the unconditioned
stimulus Pavlov demonstrated this in
dogs who would dissociate the sound of a
bell or metronome neutral stimulus than
conditioned stimulus with food
unconditioned stimulus and withdrawal
response to the conditioned stimulus
stimulus generalization conditioned
response happens with similar stimuli
for example little Albert was
classically conditioned to fear a white
rat and became afraid of a dog a fur
coat and a Santa mask operant
conditioning learning by trial and error
learning from connection between
behaviors and consequences Skinner
demonstrate this in rats who learned
from trial and error that pulling a
lever would release a food palate the
leaf appalling behavior became more
frequent and deliberate over time the
rats also learned to press a lever to
stop the floor of the k2 being
electrocuted
thirty Seconds types of reinforcement
positive adding stimulus to increase the
behavior negative removing a stimulus to
increase the behavior punishment adding
a stimulus to decrease the behavior
extinction stopping reinforcement will
result the behavior stopping over time
they allow the study showed fear could
be alert response
suggesting not instinctual and let's a
development of the behavior explanation
and counter conditioning treatments of
phobias behavioral fairies have been
used in an attempt to control human
behavior token economies this can be
seen as unethical environmentally
deterministic behaviors result from
learning from the environment not free
will this is Hardy terminus with no role
for freewill and behavioral varies
behaviors use objective scientific
experimental methods systematically
manipulating variables are measuring
observable behavior this demonstrates
cause-and-effect environmental
reductionist approach in focusing on a
lower level of explanation for human
behavior example stimulus response links
or associations therefore lacking
meaning when it comes to complex human
behaviors research mailing of animals
therefore generalization to human
behavior is limited learning approaches
social learning theory social learning
theory agrees with behaviorist ideas
that behavior results from learning
experience disagrees with behaviorist
approach of ignoring internal mental
processes
suggesting they must be present for
learning focuses on learning taking
place in a social context due to
exposure to others behavior imitation
others behavior is observed
if behavior is rewarded we are more
likely to reproduce the behavior
vicarious reinforcement less likely to
replicate if observer sees negative
consequences by Carius punishment
modeling others act as blueprints for
our behavior can be real people or
symbolic models from TV or movies
identification Malu characteristics we
relate to age gender and ethnicity are
more likely to be imitated mediational
processes cognitive processes between
stimulus and response that influence the
likelihood of behavior imitation
attention seeing it retention
remembering it motivation wanting
rewards and reproduction being able to
do it having the skill bandura 1961 send
two to three to five year olds children
match on levels of crashing groups
watched videos of adults interacting
aggressively or non aggressively
neutrally with a Bobo doll children
match the levels aggression found
aggression was imitated in the group who
watched the adults model aggression the
other group were not aggressive effect
was stronger if the adverb was the same
gender
suggest imitation and identification
bandura's research used control
variables and demonstrated behavior was
imitated however a cause-and-effect
relationship due to imitation and
real-life examples of aggression is
difficult to study social learning
varies inclusion of internal mental
processes is improvement on behaviorism
in explaining behavior due to personal
experience of having internal mental
processes faithful is cognitions or
internal mental processes used in social
learning theory are not observable
directly making social learning very
less scientific the behaviorist who only
studied objectively measurable stimulus
and response mechanisms social learning
theory processes can explain the
development of basic learned behaviors
aggression but not more abstract
concepts like justice social learning
theory sees behavior as environmentally
determined nurture but some behaviors
may be your name nature and better
explained by biological explanations or
a combination of both factors the
cognitive approach become first suggests
behaviors at all of conscious and
unconscious information processing
faults internal mental processes are a
series of stages of mental information
processing stages are represented by
cognitive theories such as theoretical
models these are flowcharts like those
used by computer programmers showing how
information flows and is processed in
the mental system such as memory working
memory model multi-store model or
attention these models produce berries
testable by experiment the cognitive
approach suggests the brain can be
viewed as similar to a computer CPU and
the mind is like the software that runs
on the CPU computers also have input
side the brain has sensors and outputs
like behavior this is termed the
computer model they're all schema
these are complemental frameworks or
blueprints of how people and objects
work they're formed from prior
experience these organize the large
amount of information we experience
every moment and we make assumptions and
how to behave and think
however incorrect schema can lead to
stereotypes prejudice and bias
inferences this is going beyond the
observed behavior to make assumptions
about the underlying structure of mental
processes that resulted in that behavior
users internal mental processes copy
directly observe emergence of cognitive
neuroscience the development of new
brain scanning techniques such as fMRI
I've allow for processes to be linked to
patterns of activity in the brain by the
neurobiological support to pre-existing
cognitive models such as a working
memory mother
Machin reductionist oversimplify human
behavior by describing human thinking as
processing like a computer computers do
not have features of human experiences
such as emotion irrationality and
consciousness cognitive psychologists
ideas on information processing have
been used to develop the field of
artificial intelligence with
applications in self-driving in
automation these will have significant
consequences for the economy cognitive
is an example of soft determinism force
it influenced by previous experience
schemas and brain structure however
conscious forged overrides as an
expression free well using inferences to
assume underlying processes and thinking
is all scientific as internal mental
processes cannot be directly tested and
inferences might be mistaken or
influenced by bias however the use of
experimental method is scientific mental
processes describe our models such as
attention and memory a distinct however
there's little explanation as to how
these mental events work together in a
larger mental system come to your
science techniques used by braver
provide neurobiological evidence of the
center executive in the working memory
model okay in the prefrontal cortex high
activation detective brain scans when
completing central executive tasks
increasing with task difficulty the
biological approach biological approach
suggests behavior as a result of
physical processes within the body
primarily neurological brain activity
but also hormonal factors these
processes are inherited genetically
another result of evolutionary pressure
the influence of genes on behavior is
demonstrated from twin and family
studies showing the risk disorders such
as schizophrenia OCD depression
increased significantly more closely
related people are to a sufferer as they
share more genes this is explained by
genotypes the genetic information
inherited from parents that code for
distinct observable physical and
behavioral characteristics called
phenotypes so the expression of physical
and behavioral properties are dependent
on inheritance of genotypes for example
certain genes gene x code for the
production of high testosterone leading
to the psychological characteristics
phenotypes such as high aggression
levels being expressed biological
structures neural areas in the brain are
associated behavioral functions such as
the amygdala emotional responses
orbitofrontal cortex future planning and
Broca's area speech production the
development of these areas of the brain
and the connections between them are
coded genetically your chemistry europe
transmitters such as serotonin and
dopamine
brain synaptic functioning imbalances
result in changes in behavior such as
aggression levels and psychopathology
hormones like adrenaline released by the
endocrine system in response to stresses
result in the fight-or-flight behavioral
response evolution is a selection of
year types that code for phenotypes
provide a survival and/or reproductive
advantage behaviors with the advantages
will become more prevalent in the
population examples in human behavior
are dominant group cooperation and may
guarding biological reductionism
biological psychologists reduce the
explanation for complex behaviors and
human experience the simple biological
elements neurotransmitters while this
ignores other valid explanations this is
based on a scientific principle of
parsimony that complex phenomena should
be explained in the simplest way
possible
and has led to development of effective
drug treatments but there is a complex
interaction between environmental
experiences and the development of
biological structures not fully
explained by purely biological approach
shown by work on plasticity McGuire 2000
use MRI brain scans and taxi drivers who
had completed a memory task called the
knowledge areas of their hippocampus
were significantly larger than controls
the effectiveness of drug treatments
developed by biological psychologists as
well as biological theories have been
demonstrated by highly controlled
nomothetic research studies using
techniques that provide objectivity such
as blood tests and fMRI excavations for
disorders to schizophrenia that cannot
be fully explained by genetic
inheritance often take a dive eases
stress explanation disorders being the
result of the interaction between a
pre-existing vulnerability genetic
genotype and environmental stresses
personal loss abuse drug use biological
determinism suggests human behavior and
four processes are the result of
biological processes outside of our
conscious control this goes against the
view that our decisions are driven by
free will the psychodynamic approach
focused on studying how unconscious
psychological processes shape behavior
these processes are fought to form
during early child experience and by
Sigmund Freud who also based
psychoanalytic therapy on these ideas
the unconscious is one of the three
aspects of the mind also including the
consciousness awareness and the pre
conscious thoughts and memories that can
be recalled but not currently in
conscious awareness the unconscious is
not open to awareness containing
socially unacceptable thoughts pay
emotions drives and instincts and
memories that are repressed the
structure of personality formed of the
it the pleasure principle which is
present from birth I'll focus on
satisfying its own needs and desires
the ego reality principle developed from
two years focused on balancing the other
two aspects with rationale for the
super-ego or morality principle
developed from three to five years and
focus on a baying liberals of society
and users guilt defense mechanisms are
unconscious processes that reduce
anxiety felt by the ego by distorting
reality include repression making a
memory inaccessible to consciousness
denial refusing to accept the reality of
the situation and displacement moving
emotions from the source to an
alternative psychosexual stages are
phases of development our children pass
through fixation can occur at any stage
resulting in adult psychological
disorders the stages are named after
where the child gets pleasure and our
oral zero to 18 months anal 18 months or
three years
phallic three years to six years later
six years to puberty and genital puberty
to Adil Freud's ideas strongly
influenced the development of Bobby's
attachment varies which suggests periods
of maternal deprivation in childhood can
have long lasting negative psychological
effects and adults this is widely
accepted and has revolutionized child
welfare psychic determinism mental
processes and behavior that appear
freely chosen under conscious control
are actually caused by powerful and
conscious systems to end childhood this
goes against how most people view their
decision-making for its fairies develop
from his own interpretation of case
studies such as little hands fear of
horses which Freud explained as
resulting from fear of his father
Edom is complex this methodology is high
susceptible to bias concepts such as
your conscious mind being inaccessible
mean it can be tested in scientific
experimentation so we can't be shown to
exist or not exist
it's unfalsifiable popper argues this
means psychedelic ideas are not
scientific while psychedelic concepts
are not open scientific study the
effectiveness of psychotherapy can be
studied but it seems limited and that
our analysis by eyes make in 1952
demonstrates 66% of people of neurotic
disorders treated recovered however that
70% recovered without any treatment at
all casting down on the theory behind
psychotherapy humans excite all adji
developed in the 1960s in response to
all the psychological approaches focused
on the naked
or pathological aspects of human
behavior instead humanism focuses on
personal growth free will
humanistic psychologist suggests that
while there are laws and constraints on
our behavior our actions are not
determined by cause-and-effect
relationships biological or
environmental we ultimately consciously
choose our behaviors freely
self-actualization the point on which
the individual has achieved their full
potential
humans think that everyone has a
capability of motivation to work towards
this goal Milo's hierarchy of needs
suggests that before satisfying the need
for self-actualization the individual
must meet more basic needs then
progressing on to higher needs in order
physical survival needs safety loving
belonging esteem or respect needs but
few people might satisfy all needs and
self actualized focus on the self Rogers
suggests that each person as a
self-concept how you see yourself and an
ideal self how you wish to be congruence
is how close the self-concept an ideal
self are if there's a big difference in
congruence that self-actualization can't
be achieved conditions of Worth are the
requirements an individual feels that
they need to meet in order to be loved
they can be real or imaginary conditions
of worth stops self-actualization
humanistic counseling Rogers client
centered therapy attempts to help the
client achieve congruence and the buys
unconditional positive regard the
opposite of conditions of worth the
client is the expert responsible for
solving their own problems concepts such
as self-actualization are not clearly
defined operationalized so we're not
measurable or open to scientific study
however humans to reject the scientific
method in the study of human behavior
suggesting is not possible for humans to
study humans objectively takes a
holistic view of studying humans
considering all factors when attempting
to understanding individuals using a
geographic method such as case studies
could be an example of cultural bias
individualistic Western cultures
prioritize individual success and
achievement in collectivist cultures
group success is more important
humanistic psychologists may view
individuals from collectivist cultures
as less able to self actualize therefore
in some way in theory the humanistic
theory is positive suggesting strategies
for significant personal development and
positive change at any stage of life a
distinction from more deterministic
approaches seen behaviors set in
childhood or biology
comparison of approaches
internal mental processes behaviors
ignore the role of conscious for ads on
scientific social learning theory
internal mental processes mediational
processes are important in the
generation of behavior in humans
cognitive faults follow predictable
systems that can be displayed as models
for example the working memory model
biological Forsett due to complex
interactions of neurons can be
understood using cognitive neuroscience
psychodynamic large role for unconscious
mental processes dominated by the ED
super-ego and defense mechanisms
humanist conscious mind is in control of
actions and has free will disorders and
treatments behaviors use techniques such
as flooding for phobias alone via
conditioning part of the development of
CBT social learning theory uses reward
mechanisms such as token economies in
institutions alongside vicarious
reinforcement cognitive disorders due to
maladaptive four processes Alice's ABC
CBT is used to correct biological due to
the imbalance of neurotransmitters genes
or biological structure treatment drug
interventions psychodynamic due to
childhood development psychotherapy as
treatment depends on the process of
introspection humanist
focuses on the healthy human not
pathology unconditional positive regard
in client-centered therapy
production in holism behaviorists
environmental reductionist ignoring
mental processes and socio-cultural
explanations social learning theorists
les environments reductionist as
includes mental factors Harvick still
ignores factors that influence behavior
like biological factors cognitive
machine reductionism the mind is viewed
as just a series of processes similar to
software biological biological
reductionist ignores learned behaviors
socio-cultural psychodynamic
reductionist as behavior due to drives
however includes aspects of four
processes and learning humanist
falling holistic the only way to
understand human behavior is to consider
all aspects levels of humanity childhood
development behaviorists
development is based on environmentally
conditioned behaviors learned by our
association reinforcement and Punishment
social learning theory behaviors can be
learned socially during development
vicariously cognitive development by
acquiring schemas about how to interpret
the world biological development
strongly influenced by genetic factors
inherited due to evolutionary pressure
psychodynamic childhood experience
psychosexual stages fundamental the
development of animal emotional
disorders humanist healthy development
requires unconditional positive regard
and satisfying hierarchy of needs nature
nurture behaviors
nurture no role for instincts biology
has born blank slates shaped by the
environment social learning theory
nurture however shaped by observation of
others experience cognitive interaction
of brain structure and learn experience
influencing the internal mental systems
biological nature behavior as a result
of interaction of pre-existing
neurotransmitters gene and brain
structure effects psychodynamic beaufort
neat drives and the role of childhood
experiences in shaping behavior humanist
experiences nurture most important or
complex interactions with biological
aspects india graphic namitha tech
behaviorist noah Fettig large animal
experiments fight general laws for human
behavior social learning very
namitha tech use of experimental method
in determining general laws bandura
cognitive mainly nomothetic with the use
of general mental models our some case
studies biological nomothetic
large biological studies used to give
general
medical physiological based laws
psychodynamic indy graphic use of case
city our attempts generalize findings
nama fatik humanist india graphic no
attempt to make general laws instead
studies subjective individual experience
free will and determinism behaviorist
behavior is environmentally determined
stimulus response social learning very
soft determinism learning a mutational
processes determined behavior however a
role for choice cognitive soft
determinism thoughts are affected by
previous experience schemas however
conscious for can override biological
behavior is biologically determined due
to interaction of neurotransmitters
genes and brain structure psychodynamic
psychically deterministic behavior is
caused by unconscious mental processes
for example defense mechanisms humanist
humans express free will and their
conscious decision making approaches in
twenty minutes just I will give a
shout-out to my news patrons great
crouch and Lisa Burgess Nia in AJ
Muhammad is Orion Sarah shabari
Tiffany Whaley Alaa Dixon and poppy wing
bro thanks guys for your support
especially for getting in early just so
to start on this patron op you're gonna
help make more videos like this possible
for future students of psychology
I hope the notes of this video are a big
help in your revision and that you enjoy
the early view like great explanation
video if you want to help support site
boost in crane three educational content
to follow link and that's the love of
paper too
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)