How Poland Finally CRUSHED the Mongols - DOCUMENTARY
Summary
TLDRIn 1287, the Mongol Golden Horde, led by Talabuka and Nogai Khan, launched a third invasion of Poland. Facing formidable opposition, the Mongols split their forces, only to be repelled by Duke Leszek the Black and a coalition of Polish and Hungarian forces. Despite initial successes, the Mongols failed to capture major cities and suffered significant losses, leading to a strategic retreat. The improved fortifications and effective cooperation between Poland and Hungary played a crucial role in thwarting the invasion, marking a significant victory for the allied forces.
Takeaways
- 🏰 In 1287, the Mongolian Golden Horde launched a major campaign against the Kingdom of Poland, marking the third Mongol invasion of the country.
- 🐎 The Mongol forces were commanded by two experienced military leaders, Nogai Khan and Talabuga Khan, who were formidable opponents for the Polish forces.
- 🔍 The Golden Horde's army entered Poland via two attack points, dividing their forces to maximize the surprise and impact of their invasion.
- 🛡️ Many Poles had no choice but to retreat within the country's fortresses, while Duke Leszek the Black mustered an army to confront the Golden Horde.
- 🤝 Leszek appealed to the King of Hungary for help, leading to a coalition of Polish and Hungarian forces to stand against the Mongols, bolstered by the Hungarian Commander George of Sovar.
- 👑 Talabuga, a descendant of Genghis Khan, became the Khan of the Mongolian Golden Horde in 1287, and he and Nogai Khan led the invasion of Poland to prevent the Poles from supporting Hungarian barons.
- 🏰 The Mongols planned a two-pronged attack, with one force led by Talabuga Khan moving towards Sandomierz and the north of Poland, while Nogai Khan led another force towards Kraków.
- 🛡️ The Polish and Hungarian forces managed to defend their cities and castles, with improved fortifications playing a crucial role in their defense against the Mongols.
- 🏹 Duke Leszek II the Black led a Polish force against Talabuga Khan's army, resulting in a victory for the Poles at the Battle of Legnica.
- 🔄 Despite initial successes, the Mongols failed to capture major cities and suffered significant losses, ultimately leading to their retreat from Poland.
- 🏆 The third Mongol invasion of Poland was a failure, but it highlighted the importance of cooperation between Poland and Hungary in delivering an effective counterattack against the Mongols.
Q & A
What major event occurred in 1287 involving the Mongolian Golden Horde?
-In 1287, the Mongolian Golden Horde launched a major campaign against the Kingdom of Poland, marking the third time a Mongol Army invaded the country.
Who were the two military leaders commanding the Mongol forces during the invasion of Poland in 1287?
-The Mongol forces were commanded by two capable and experienced military leaders, Nogai Khan and Talabuga Khan.
How did the Golden Horde's Army strategize their attack on Poland?
-The Golden Horde's Army divided and entered Poland via two attack points, aiming to conduct a two-pronged raid at lightning speed to prevent the Poles from mounting an effective defense.
What was the role of Duke Lezic the Black during the Mongol invasion of Poland?
-Duke Lezic the Black mustered an army to confront the Golden Horde and later appealed to the King of Hungary for help, leading to the formation of a coalition Polish-Hungarian force.
Who was the Hungarian commander that played a significant role in the defense against the Mongols?
-George of Sovar was the courageous Hungarian commander who led a coalition Polish-Hungarian force against the Mongols.
What was the significance of the Battle of Lago?
-The Battle of Lago marked a significant victory for Duke Lezic II the Black, as his Polish forces triumphed over Talabuga Khan's army, leading to the latter's defeat.
How did the Mongols' strategy change after their initial failures in Poland?
-After failing to take major cities or castles and suffering losses, the Mongols shifted their strategy to raiding the countryside and skirmishing with local Polish forces.
What was the outcome of the Mongols' siege of Krakow?
-The Mongols besieged Krakow but were repelled due to the city's strong stone fortifications and the resilience of its defenders.
What was the final major engagement of the campaign against the Mongols?
-The Battle of Starosielce, where George of Sovar and his coalition forces surprised and annihilated a Mongol force, marked the final major engagement of the campaign.
What was the aftermath of the third Mongol invasion of Poland?
-The invasion was ultimately a failure for the Mongols, who inflicted considerable damage to Poland but failed to achieve their goals. The Polish and Hungarian forces' cooperation led to a decisive counterattack, forcing the Mongols to retreat.
What internal conflict arose between Nogai Khan and Talabuga Khan after the invasion?
-Nogai Khan and Talabuga Khan engaged in a civil war with each other, which further explains the poor execution of the third Mongol invasion of Poland.
Outlines
🏰 The Third Mongol Invasion of Poland
In 1287, the Mongolian Golden Horde, led by Nogai and Talabuga Khan, launched a major campaign against Poland. This marked the third invasion by the Mongols, who were well aware of the formidable Polish forces under the command of Duke Lezic the Black. The Golden Horde's strategy involved a two-pronged attack, with one force led by Talabuga Khan advancing towards Sandomierz and the north, while Nogai Khan led another force towards Kraków. The Polish forces, bolstered by Hungarian support, managed to repel the Mongols, with Duke Lezic assembling an army of up to fifteen thousand men. The Mongols' plan was to raid quickly and then reunite to loot and ravage the Polish territories before retreating. Despite initial successes, the Mongols faced strong resistance and ultimately failed to achieve their objectives.
🛡️ The Battle of Legnica and the Defense of Kraków
The Mongol forces under Talabuga Khan besieged Sandomierz but were repelled by the city's strong defenses. The Battle of Legnica saw Duke Lezic II the Black lead a Polish force against the Mongols, resulting in a significant victory for the Poles. Talabuga Khan's forces retreated, and the Mongols continued to raid the countryside. Meanwhile, Nogai Khan's forces entered Poland and besieged Kraków, but the city's stone fortifications held, and the Mongols suffered heavy losses. The Polish defenders inflicted serious casualties on the Mongols, leading to a change in tactics as they dispersed to plunder the countryside. Duke Lezic sought help from Hungary, and a coalition Polish-Hungarian force was formed under George of Sovar, who managed to surprise and annihilate a Mongol detachment. The campaign concluded with the Battle of Stare, marking the final major engagement and the Mongols' eventual retreat.
🏹 The Aftermath and Lessons of the Third Mongol Invasion
The third Mongol invasion of Poland was characterized by the Mongols' failure to capture major cities or castles and their significant losses against Polish and Hungarian forces. The improved fortifications of Poland played a crucial role in their defense. Historian James Chambers notes that only towns or castles that were tricked into opening their gates were sacked. The rivalry between Nogai and Talabuga Khan hindered their cooperation, while the cooperation between the Polish and Hungarian forces allowed them to deliver an effective counterattack. Despite the invasion's failure, the Mongols inflicted considerable damage on Poland. The victory was a close-run one but ultimately a great one for Poland and Hungary. Duke Lezic expressed his gratitude to George of Sovar by granting him a villa in Poland. Within a few years, Nogai and Talabuga Khan would be engaged in a civil war, which further explains the poor execution of the invasion.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Mongolian Golden Horde
💡Mongol Invasions
💡Nogai Khan
💡Talabuga Khan
💡Duke Lezic the Black
💡Kingdom of Poland
💡Hungary
💡George of Sövér
💡Fortifications
💡Battle of Legnica
💡Civil War
Highlights
In 1287, the Mongolian Golden Horde launched a major campaign against Poland, marking the third Mongol invasion of the country.
The Mongol forces were commanded by two experienced leaders, Nogai and Talabuga Khan.
The Golden Horde's army invaded Poland via two attack points, showcasing a strategic approach.
Duke Lezic the Black of Poland mustered an army to confront the Golden Horde.
Lezak sought assistance from the King of Hungary, leading to a coalition force against the Mongols.
Talabuka, a descendant of Genghis Khan, became the Khan of the Golden Horde in 1287.
Nogai and Talabuka had previously led the second Mongol invasion of Hungary, which ended in defeat.
The invasion force was large, consisting of around 30,000 Mongol and Turkic cavalry, along with Ruthenian auxiliaries.
Nogai devised a plan involving a two-pronged attack to catch the Poles off guard.
The Mongols aimed to plunder and devastate Poland before withdrawing back to their territory.
Duke Lezic II, known as the Black, successfully assembled a Polish army to face the Mongols.
Lezic's personal life was marred by scandal due to his wife's accusations of impotence.
Poland had improved its fortifications by the 1280s, which played a role in their defense against the Mongols.
Talabuka's forces were defeated by Duke Lezic's army at the Battle of Lago.
Nogai's division besieged Krakow but failed to breach the city's improved stone fortifications.
A coalition of Polish and Hungarian forces, led by George of Sovar, successfully engaged the Mongols.
The Battle of Starosielce marked the final major engagement of the campaign, with the Mongols retreating.
The third Mongol invasion of Poland was a failure, with the invaders suffering significant losses.
Improved fortifications and effective cooperation between Polish and Hungarian forces contributed to the Mongols' defeat.
Duke Lezic expressed gratitude to George of Sovar by granting him a villa in Poland.
Nogai and Talabuka's rivalry and lack of cooperation hindered the success of the invasion.
Transcripts
1287 the Mongolian golden horde launches
a major campaign against the kingdom of
Poland this would be the third time a
Mongol Army invaded the country the
polls knew well they were facing a
formidable opponent commanded by two
capable and experienced military leaders
nogikon and talabuga Khan the Golden
horde's Army divided and entered Poland
via two attack points for many of the
polls they had little option but to hold
up within the country's fortresses
however Duke lezic the black would
muster an army and confront the golden
horde
meanwhile Lezak would appeal to his
neighbor the king of Hungary for help
Hungary would respond and soon a
coalition polish Hungarian force would
stand against the Mongols bolstered by
the courageous Hungarian Commander
George of sovar today on real Crusades
history where we don't just do Crusades
history will delve into yet another
fascinating campaign in the history of
the Monumental Mongol invasions the
third Mongol invasion of Poland
[Music]
in 1287 talabuka a descendant of Genghis
Khan became Khan of the Mongolian golden
horde one of the successor states to
emerge after the breakup of the original
Mongol Empire
talibuka was essentially the rightful
heir to the throne representing the
senior branch of the line of his
great-grandfather batukan
talabuka ruled alongside his Kinsmen the
general nogai Khan who during his life
acted as something of a king maker in
the golden horde recently in 1285 nogai
and talibuka had led the second Mongol
invasion of Hungary which had resulted
in defeat for the golden horde however
the two decided to once again attack
Europe This Time targeting the kingdom
of Poland according to James Chambers to
prevent the polls from supporting the
Hungarian barons
in November of 1287 no guy ordered his
ruthenian vassals to prepare their
armies for an expedition into Poland
while he and talibuka assembled their
cavalries as a result nogai and talibuka
marched out at the head of a large
Invasion Force numbering around 30 000
composed of Mongol and turkic Cavalry as
well as some ruthenian auxiliaries
no guy himself devised the plan of
attack as in their previous invasion of
Poland in 1259 the golden horde host was
divided into two armies one Cavalry
Force numbering around 20 000 including
some ruthenian troops was led by
talibuga Khan and would drive towards
San domirsh and the north of Poland
simultaneously no guy Khan would lead 10
000 Cavalry composed entirely of Mongols
and Turks toward krakov
this two-pronged raid was to be
conducted at lightning speed to prevent
the poles from mounting an effective
defense
after plundering their respective
targets and conquering sandomirsch the
two armies were to reunite north of
krakov
from here they would Loot
kilzeoff miyakov and finally krakov
once Poland was thoroughly ravaged the
combined Mongol host would withdraw back
into the territory of the golden horde
the Mongols did achieve surprise
the first polish Prince to March against
the Mongols was lezic the second the
black high Duke of Poland described as
king of Poland by historian William
Urban
at the time the Polish monarchy was
experiencing a period of fragmentation
but according to Urban lezic had
restored the kingdom and himself become
king
lezic was a gifted ruler and military
commander he defeated the ruse in battle
and in 1282 crushed the sudovian
prussians during the northern Crusades
joined by Hungarian and human allies
he'd captured Krakow in 1285 now during
the third Mongol invasion he managed to
assemble an army numbering as many as
fifteen thousand men though ultimately
historians are unsure as to the size of
this host
despite his success as a warrior
lessick's married life proved less
fruitful his wife graffini of halik
never conceived a child in 1271 she fled
to Krakow and openly accused lezic of
impotence claiming that her marriage had
never been consummated this caused Great
Scandal but in 1275 with the
intervention of other members of the
Polish nobility the couple were
reconciled lezic sought treatment from
the famous physician Nikolai of Krakow
the physician's cure included eating
frogs and snakes however lezic and
graffina never had children which
according to the annals of Poland caused
a great Abomination for the country
like the hungarians the poles had
improved many of the fortifications in
their Kingdom by the 1280s
karakov now had a strongly built stone
Citadel and its own defensive catapults
conversely during the first two Mongol
invasions of Poland krakow's walls had
been made of wood
on December 7 1287 talabuka's Army broke
camp at vola damira
avoiding Loveland they attempted to
cross the Vistula near zavigast
the talabuka's annoyance the river was
not frozen and so he had to March South
in search of a Ford after crossing the
river the Mongols laid Siege to
sandomirsch but the city's defenses and
Garrison proved too strong his assault
repelled talabuka ended the siege he
dispatched raiding forces into the
country's side on December 20 while the
main column of talibuka's army was near
the Holy Cross mountains they
encountered a Polish force of unknown
size again around fifteen thousand at
the higher estimates
this polish force was led by Duke lezzek
II the black
thus began the Battle of Lago Duke
lezek's Army triumphed and talabuka
suffered defeat
after reaching the District of kyotze
talibuka began a retreat by January of
1288 the Mongols had reached leviv where
they laid Camp meanwhile lezic marched
his army toward Krakow to ready the
defenses of the capital city
meanwhile no gaikon's forces the
southern division of the Golden horde's
Army entered Poland on Christmas Eve
1287. they besieged krakov
City's Stone fortifications proved
resilient and no gaikon decided to
attempt an assault
this proved to be a disaster the polish
Defenders inflicted serious casualties
in the Mongol forces who lost several
important Commanders
frustrated no guy Khan changed tactics
he lifted The Siege and instead
dispersed his forces to plunder the
countryside to the north and south of
Krakow
Mongol and Target detachments raided The
Villages this resulted in several small
battles between local polish forces with
the small Mongol raiding parties
meanwhile no guys troops besieged the
towns of orolinets and studies after the
siege of krakov was lifted Duke lezic
took his wife in a band of his Knights
and a road for Hungary to seek help from
King latislaus IV
the hungarians had defeated a Mongol
invasion only two years earlier so they
were a good choice for an alliance
against the golden horde
the Mongols devastated honolinic and
skirmished with local polish forces
however they failed to capture studyson
which had strong walls and a capable
Garrison
meanwhile King lattice Laos of Hungary
dispatched a force under the nobleman
George of sovar to March to the aid of
Poland
on the way George's troops were joined
by local polish forces to form a
coalition Hungarian polish Army
George managed to surprise a Mongol
force of around 1 000 near study songs
the Mongols were caught completely off
guard and annihilated their Commander
dying during the fight
the Battle of stares proved to be the
final major engagement of the campaign
Duke lexic marched with his army to join
forces with George of sovar
the plan was then to deliver a knockout
blow to the Mongols however no guy Khan
recognized that his situation was
collapsing and ordered an immediate
retreat with most of his army still
intact
no guy was back in ruthenia by January
or February of 1288
[Applause]
[Music]
the third Mongol invasion of Poland was
very different from the previous two
invasions but quite similar to the
1285-86 Fiasco in Hungary
the Mongols failed to take any major
cities or castles and suffered serious
losses in the field against polish and
Hungarian forces
as in Hungary Poland's improved
fortifications proved effective
historian James Chambers states that for
the most part the only towns or castles
that were sacked were those that were
tricked into opening their gates after
being promised an amnesty by the
ruthenian auxiliaries
also rivalry between nogai and talabuka
hindered their cooperation
conversely cooperation between the
Polish and Hungarian forces allowed them
to deliver an effective counter blow
which convinced no guide to retreat
although the invasion was a failure it
did inflict considerable damage to
Poland and the Mongols might well have
achieved their goals had noga and
talabuka cooperated more effectively
it was a close-run victory but
undeniably a great victory for Poland
and Hungary
in February of 1288 Duke lezic expressed
his gratitude to George of sovar by
granting him a villa in Poland meanwhile
within a few years nogai and talibuka
would be engaged in civil war with one
another which in retrospect further
helps explain the poor execution of the
third Mongol invasion of Poland
[Music]
thanks for watching now check out our
video on the battle of einjelu the epic
Clash between the Egyptian mom looks and
the Mongols in 1260. click on the video
linked on your screen to watch now
please give this channel a sub and click
the Bell to be notified for future
uploads check out my novel of the
Crusades why does the Heathen rage
Linked In the description down below
Посмотреть больше похожих видео
Pertempuran Ambarawa | Heroisme Taktik Supit Urang Melawan Sekutu
Why and How the Mongols became Muslim
The Ending of Dutch East Indies and The Beginning of Indonesia
[Mongolië] Het Mongoolse Rijk van Dzjengis Khan
The MONGOL Empire [AP World History Review] Unit 2 Topic 2
Short Documentary: The Liberation of Cebu | UnknownCebu
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)