sampling techniques, types of sampling, probability & non probability sampling, Research methodology

Summary

The video script discusses various sampling techniques used in research, such as simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. It explains the principles behind each method, how they are applied to select samples from a population, and the importance of these techniques in ensuring representative and reliable data for research. The script also touches on non-probability sampling techniques like convenience sampling and snowball sampling, highlighting their advantages and limitations.

Takeaways

• 📝 The script discusses various sampling techniques used in research, emphasizing the importance of selecting a representative sample from a population.
• 🔍 It explains the concept of 'Active Setting Technique' where every individual has a chance of being selected in the sample, akin to a lottery system.
• 🎰 The 'Lottery System' is described as a method where all members of the population have an equal opportunity to be selected, similar to drawing lots.
• 📚 'Stratified Sampling' is introduced, dividing the population into exclusive groups and then randomly selecting samples from each group to ensure representation.
• 🔄 'Systematic Sampling' is mentioned, where a systematic pattern is followed to select samples, for example, every tenth individual from a list.
• 📐 The script touches on 'Cluster Sampling', which involves dividing the population into smaller, manageable groups and then selecting a random sample from these clusters.
• 🚫 'Non-probability Sampling' is also discussed, where not every element of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
• 👥 'Convenience Sampling' is highlighted, where samples are collected based on accessibility and convenience rather than randomness.
• 🔄 'Snowball Sampling' is described, where initial participants are used to refer more participants, growing the sample size through referrals.
• 📊 The importance of ensuring that the sampling technique used provides a representative view of the population is stressed throughout the script.
• 📈 The script also covers different scenarios and examples to illustrate how sampling techniques can be applied in various research contexts.

Q & A

What is the concept of 'simply procedure' or 'sampling method' discussed in the script?

The 'simply procedure' or 'sampling method' refers to the process of selecting a subset of a population, known as a sample, using a sampling camera. It involves techniques to improve the representativeness of the sample and collect data from the population for research purposes.

What are the two main techniques for sampling mentioned in the script?

The two main techniques mentioned are 'probability sampling' and 'non-probability sampling'. Probability sampling involves every member of the population having a chance of being selected, while non-probability sampling does not guarantee an equal chance for all members.

Can you explain the 'random sampling' technique mentioned in the script?

Random sampling is a type of probability sampling where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. It is compared to a lottery system where all tickets are mixed and a random ticket is drawn to determine the sample.

What is 'stratified sampling' and how does it work?

Stratified sampling is a method of sampling where the population is divided into exclusive groups, or strata, based on specific characteristics. Random samples are then drawn from each stratum to ensure representation of the various subgroups within the population.

What is the purpose of 'systematic sampling' and how is it conducted?

Systematic sampling follows a specific system or pattern to select samples. It involves selecting every nth element from a list, ensuring a uniform distribution of the sample throughout the population. For example, if the first sample is chosen randomly, subsequent samples are selected at regular intervals.

What is 'cluster sampling' and how does it differ from other sampling techniques?

Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and then randomly selecting some of these clusters for the sample. The difference from other techniques is that the entire cluster is considered as a sample unit, rather than individual elements from the population.

What is meant by 'non-productive sampling technique' in the script?

A 'non-productive sampling technique' refers to methods where not all elements of the population have an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This could be due to convenience or other factors that bias the selection process.

What is the 'quota sampling' technique mentioned in the script?

Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where researchers select samples based on certain quotas or criteria. It is similar to stratified sampling but does not require random selection within the strata.

Can you describe the 'snowball sampling' method mentioned in the script?

Snowball sampling is a method where initial participants in the study recommend others who fit the criteria for the sample. It is useful when the population is hard to access or when the sample size is small, allowing researchers to expand their sample through referrals.

What is 'convenience sampling' and how does it affect the representativeness of a sample?

Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where researchers select samples based on their accessibility and ease of collection. While it is practical, it can lead to biased results because it does not ensure a representative sample of the entire population.

What are the ethical considerations when using 'e-sampling techniques' as mentioned in the script?

Ethical considerations in e-sampling techniques include ensuring the privacy and consent of participants, avoiding bias in the selection process, and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data collected through electronic means.