PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN MANUSIA

Summary

This video provides an insightful journey through the stages of fetal development, beginning with fertilization and covering the growth of the embryo into a fully formed fetus by week 40. It highlights key milestones such as the formation of organs, facial features, and the development of senses. Additionally, the script transitions into the motor development stages of children up to their first year, detailing their physical milestones from the first few months to the ability to crawl and stand. It emphasizes how parents can support these developments with appropriate activities and guidance.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fertilization begins with the meeting of the egg and sperm, forming a network of cells that will eventually become the embryo.
• 😀 By the second week, the embryo’s cells have formed layers that will later develop into organs like muscles, bones, and the nervous system.
• 😀 In the third week, the embryo attaches to the uterus and forms the outer layer that will become the placenta.
• 😀 The heart starts to function in the fourth week, and hands and feet begin to develop, though they are not fully formed yet.
• 😀 By week five, the basic structure of the brain, nervous system, and eyes begins to form, and hands are still in a flat, fingerless stage.
• 😀 In week six, the embryo has grown to the size of a pea and begins developing the digestive system, lip, and palate, with the head becoming more visible.
• 😀 Week seven sees the embryo grow to 19 mm, with muscles and the nervous system starting to function, and reflex actions are possible.
• 😀 By week eight, the embryo is considered a fetus, with human-like facial features, eyelids, and a developed placenta and amniotic fluid.
• 😀 In weeks 9 and 10, the fetus’s facial features become more defined, and its vocal cords and salivary glands begin to form.
• 😀 By weeks 23 to 26, the fetus begins to have a better chance of survival if born prematurely, as lungs and other organs mature, and reflexes like breathing start developing.

Q & A

What happens after fertilization in fetal development?

After fertilization, the egg and sperm combine to form a network of approximately 100 cells, which then become the embryo. These cells begin to divide and multiply, eventually attaching to the uterus where growth and development continue.

What key organs start to form during the second week of pregnancy?

During the second week, the cells of the embryo start to form layers that will eventually develop into various organs and systems, such as the muscles, bones, heart, digestive system, reproductive system, and nervous system.

At what stage is the embryo still very small and not yet resembling a baby?

In the third week of pregnancy, the embryo is very small, about 1.5 mm in size, and is still not shaped like a baby. It is primarily focused on cell division and multiplication.

When does the fetus begin to develop facial features like the eyelids and nose?

In the 8th week of pregnancy, the fetus begins to develop distinct facial features such as eyelids and the nose, taking on a more human-like appearance.

How does the placenta develop in the early stages of pregnancy?

In the third week, the outermost layer of the embryo forms the placenta, which is essential for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removing waste products.

What significant changes happen to the fetus in the 9th week?

By the 9th week, the fetus’s face becomes more defined, its mouth can open, and the vocal cords and salivary glands start to form. The fetus is approximately the size of a lime, around 5.5 cm.

What development occurs at weeks 13 to 17 in pregnancy?

Between weeks 13 and 17, the fetus weighs between 57 to 113 grams, with a length of about 10-13 cm. Fine hairs called lanugo appear on the head, and the sex of the fetus can often be determined via ultrasound.

When can the fetus start responding to external sounds and movements?

By weeks 18 to 20, the fetus can hear and respond to sounds and movements. The mother can start feeling the fetus’s kicks and movements during this stage.

At what stage does the fetus's pancreas begin to work effectively?

During weeks 23 to 26, the fetus's pancreas begins to work effectively, and the lungs become more mature, improving the fetus’s chances of survival if born prematurely.

What major developments occur during the final weeks of pregnancy (37-40 weeks)?

During weeks 37 to 40, the fetus undergoes final growth, with a length of around 46 cm and weight varying. All major organs are fully formed, and the fetus is ready to be born.

What motor skills develop in babies from 0 to 6 months?

Between 0 to 6 months, babies start to strengthen their muscles and balance. They can lift their head and chest when on their stomach, and later begin to roll over from front to back or vice versa.

How can mothers support their baby's motor development between 7 to 9 months?

Between 7 to 9 months, mothers can help strengthen their baby's motor skills by supporting them to stand, as their nervous system and muscle control improve. However, it’s important not to force the baby to stand if they are not yet ready.