KRITERIA GHARIM (ORANG YANG TERLILIT HUTANG) YANG BERHAK MENERIMA ZAKAT (BAGIAN 1)

Summary

The script explores Islamic teachings on zakat, focusing on the category of 'garimin' (those burdened with debt). It discusses the different types of people eligible for zakat, such as the poor, needy, converts, and those in debt. The discussion touches on the historical context of slavery, emphasizing Islam’s efforts to free slaves through expiation and ransom. It also highlights the ethical principles guiding charity, addressing misconceptions around mosque administrators being part of the 'garimin' category. Lastly, it offers guidance from the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) on permissible reasons for asking for help, underscoring the importance of intention and following Shari'a law.

Takeaways

• 😀 The discussion focuses on the issue of people entitled to receive zakat, particularly highlighting al-Gharimin (debtors).
• 😀 Zakat recipients are categorized into groups such as the poor, the needy, the amil (administrators), al-muallafah qulubuhum (those whose hearts are reconciled), and al-ghārimīn (debtors).
• 😀 The group 'fir riqab' (slaves) is considered irrelevant in the current context due to the absence of slavery today, though some scholars argue for its use in certain situations like ransom for captives.
• 😀 Islam's historical effort to free humans from slavery is emphasized, promoting redemption through expiation or the opportunity for slaves to purchase their freedom.
• 😀 The concept of 'garim' is explained, referring to individuals who are burdened by debt and unable to pay it off, as mentioned in the Qur'an (Surah At-Tawbah, verse 60).
• 😀 Mosque administrators or foundation managers are not considered al-Gharimin unless they personally bear the debt, as their responsibility is generally not personal but collective for the community.
• 😀 There are two types of debtors: those who owe for personal benefit (e.g., due to disasters or family responsibilities) and those who owe for the benefit of others.
• 😀 Imam Mujahid interprets debtors for personal benefit into three categories: those affected by natural disasters (e.g., floods, fire), and those who have no means to support their families.
• 😀 A hadith narrated by Qabisah bin Mahrik explains that asking for help is only permissible for three groups: those burdened by debt, those struggling to support their families, and those with no other means.
• 😀 The script critiques inappropriate begging, particularly at mosques or on the streets, as it may become a livelihood rather than genuine need, which is not permissible in Islam.

Q & A

What are the main groups entitled to receive zakat as discussed in the script?

The main groups entitled to receive zakat, as discussed, are the poor, the needy, the amil (those administering zakat), the converts (al-muallafah qulubuhum), and the people in debt (al-Gharimin). However, the group of 'fir riqab' (those in slavery or captivity) is considered irrelevant in the current context.

Why is the category of 'fir riqab' not relevant in modern times?

'Fir riqab' refers to those who were slaves and those in captivity, but this is considered irrelevant today due to the abolition of slavery. Some scholars do permit the use of zakat for freeing Muslim captives in non-Islamic captivity, but this is not common.

What is the distinction between 'garim' and 'garin' in the context of the mosque?

The term 'garim' refers to someone who is burdened by debt and unable to repay it, while 'garin' refers to someone who tends to or is associated with the mosque, such as a mosque guard or caretaker. These are different words with distinct meanings.

What is the correct understanding of 'al-Gharimin' in relation to debt?

'Al-Gharimin' refers to those who are in debt and cannot pay it off. The debt is their burden, and they are entitled to zakat to help them settle their debts. This group specifically refers to people who are personally responsible for the debt.

What are the two categories of people who are in debt, as explained in the script?

The two categories of people in debt are: 1) Those who owe money for their own personal benefit, such as for survival or family support, and 2) Those who are in debt for the benefit of others.

How does Imam Mujahid categorize people who are in debt for personal reasons?

Imam Mujahid categorizes people in debt for personal reasons into three groups: 1) Those who lost their wealth due to a flood, 2) Those who lost their wealth in a fire, and 3) Those who are responsible for supporting their family but have no wealth.

What does the hadith of Qabisah teach regarding the permissibility of asking for financial assistance?

The hadith of Qabisah teaches that asking for financial help is only permissible in three situations: 1) When a person is in debt and unable to pay, 2) When someone is severely impacted by a disaster, and 3) When a person has a responsibility to support others but cannot do so without assistance.

What is the significance of the Prophet’s statement that 'asking is not halal except for three groups'?

The Prophet's statement emphasizes that asking for financial help is not permissible except under specific circumstances, making it a controlled and ethical practice rather than a common or unrestricted act.

Why is it considered inappropriate for mosques to encourage begging on the streets?

It is considered inappropriate because it leads to people making a livelihood by begging, which is not halal. Giving charity to people begging inappropriately does not align with the intended way zakat and charity should be distributed.

What is the issue with mosque administrators collecting zakat for mosque construction?

The issue arises when mosque administrators take on debt for the construction of the mosque, which is not personally their responsibility. The congregation, not the individual administrators, should bear the debt, as the administrator’s responsibility is managerial, not personal.