भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन (1857-1947) INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT FOR SSC EXAM |10 MIN SHOW BY NAMU MA'AM

Summary

In this detailed class, Malik takes us through the history of the Indian National Movement, focusing on key events from 1885 to 1942. He covers the formation of the Indian National Congress (INC), major protests like the Swadeshi Movement and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, as well as significant figures such as Gandhiji, Tilak, and others. The script highlights key moments in the struggle for Indian independence, including the Khilafat Movement, the Simon Commission protests, and the Quit India Movement, offering a comprehensive overview of India’s fight for freedom.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Indian National Congress (INC) was established in 1885 under the leadership of Allan Octavian Hume, with its first president being W.C. Banerjee.
• 😀 The INC was initially created by the British for their own benefit, but it later became a platform for Indian independence. The name was suggested by Dadabhai Naoroji.
• 😀 The Swadeshi Movement, which protested the partition of Bengal in 1905, started in Kolkata's Town Hall and was led by leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal.
• 😀 The partition of Bengal, implemented in October 1905, aimed to divide the region along religious lines, with East Bengal having a Muslim majority and West Bengal a Hindu majority.
• 😀 The Muslim League was founded in 1906 in Dhaka, with the aim of representing the interests of Muslims and advocating for a separate electorate.
• 😀 The Surat session of 1907 saw the INC split into two factions: the Moderates and Extremists, led by leaders such as Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
• 😀 In 1915, Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa and began advocating for the British government’s support during World War I, later becoming known as the 'Sergeant of the Indian Revolution.'
• 😀 The Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 marked Gandhiji’s first use of Satyagraha in India, addressing the oppression of indigo farmers.
• 😀 The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919, where British General Dyer ordered the killing of hundreds of unarmed Indians, led to widespread outrage and the renouncement of titles by leaders like Rabindranath Tagore and Gandhi.
• 😀 The Quit India Movement of 1942, also known as the August Revolution, was a significant moment in India’s struggle for independence, marking a critical turning point in the fight against British rule.

Q & A

Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress (INC)?

The first president of the Indian National Congress (INC) was W.C. Banerjee. The session was initially planned in Pune but was moved to Mumbai.

What was the original name of the Indian National Congress before it was renamed?

The Indian National Congress was originally known as the Indian National Union. The name was changed on the suggestion of Dadabhai Naoroji, who is also called the 'Grand Old Man of India'.

In which year was the Indian National Congress established?

The Indian National Congress was established on December 28, 1885, at the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit University.

What major event took place during the INC session of 1896?

In the INC session of 1896, the national song 'Vande Mataram' was sung for the first time. It had been written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.

What was the significance of the Lahore session of INC in 1929?

The Lahore session of INC in 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, passed a resolution demanding complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from the British.

What was the purpose of the Partition of Bengal in 1905?

The Partition of Bengal in 1905 was aimed at administrative convenience by the British. However, it was seen as an attempt to divide and rule by creating a division between Hindus and Muslims, leading to widespread opposition.

What was the Swadeshi Movement, and when did it start?

The Swadeshi Movement began in 1905 in Kolkata in response to the Partition of Bengal. It advocated for the boycott of British goods and the promotion of Indian-made products.

Who was the leader of the Gadar Party, and where was it established?

The Gadar Party was established in 1913 in San Francisco, USA. The key leaders included Lala Hardayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna. The party aimed at securing India’s independence from British rule.

What was the significance of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919?

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, when General Dyer ordered troops to fire on a peaceful gathering in Amritsar. This event intensified anti-British sentiment across India and led to widespread protests.

What was the Rowlatt Act, and how did it affect India?

The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919, allowed the British government to arrest anyone without trial or legal proceedings. It was seen as a harsh repressive measure, leading to protests and eventually the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.