Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Muhammad bin Hasan Al-Syaibani (132-189 H)

Summary

This video discusses the economic thought of Muhammad bin Hasan As-Syaibani, a key figure in classical Islamic economics. His work focuses on the importance of work as worship, individual ownership, social justice, and ethical business practices. As-Syaibani emphasized that earning a livelihood is an obligation and part of worship, and that economic activities must align with Islamic values. He advocated for fair wealth distribution, the prohibition of monopolistic practices, and the state's role in ensuring social justice. His thoughts have significantly influenced later Islamic scholars and the development of Islamic economic theory.

Takeaways

• 😀 Muhammad bin Hasan As-Syaibani was a key figure in Islamic economics, known for his contributions to muamalah fiqh and Islamic economic thought.
• 😀 He emphasized the concept of 'kasab' (earning a living), which is seen as a personal obligation for Muslims and a form of worship when done with the right intention.
• 😀 As-Syaibani introduced the idea that individual ownership is legitimate, as long as it is acquired legally and does not harm others.
• 😀 The state has a role in wealth distribution to ensure that it does not circulate only among the rich, supporting social justice and equity.
• 😀 Social justice in economic distribution is central to As-Syaibani's thought, with strong opposition to wealth hoarding, advocating for zakat as a tool for wealth distribution.
• 😀 He also emphasized that the state has an obligation to guarantee basic needs for people who cannot fulfill them themselves.
• 😀 In business ethics, As-Syaibani recommended honesty and fairness in trade, while prohibiting usury, fraud, and price manipulation.
• 😀 The market price should be a natural mechanism, and government intervention should not be needed unless prices are artificially inflated by hoarding or supply issues.
• 😀 As-Syaibani highlighted the role of the state as an economic regulator, ensuring balance and the basic rights of the people, while preventing economic oppression and inequality.
• 😀 He believed that the economy must be based on Islamic principles of halal (permissible) and haram (forbidden), balancing worldly needs with spiritual goals, and emphasizing ethics in economic decisions.

Q & A

Who was Muhammad bin Hasan As-Syaibani and what is his significance in Islamic economic thought?

Muhammad bin Hasan As-Syaibani was a prominent student of Imam Abu Hanifah and an influential figure in the development of Islamic economics. He contributed significantly to muamalah fiqh and is considered one of the early pioneers of Islamic economics, with important writings on economic matters such as the search for halal sustenance, ownership, trade, and business ethics.

What are the two main works of Muhammad bin Hasan As-Syaibani in the field of Islamic economics?

The two main works of Muhammad bin Hasan As-Syaibani are 'Al-Kasab' (a book about earning a living) and 'Al-Iktisab Fir Rizik Al-Mustahabb' (the search for halal and good sustenance). These works address economic issues directly, focusing on sustenance, ownership, trade, and business ethics.

What is the concept of 'Kasab' in As-Syaibani's economic thought?

'Kasab' refers to earning a living and, according to As-Syaibani, is an obligatory task for Muslims, particularly those who have reached the age of responsibility (taklif). He views work not only as an obligation but also as an act of worship when performed with the right intentions.

How does As-Syaibani view work as a form of worship?

As-Syaibani emphasizes that work is an integral part of worship in Islam. He teaches that when individuals work with the correct intentions and according to Islamic principles, their economic activity is seen as an act of devotion and obedience to Allah.

What is As-Syaibani’s view on individual ownership in Islam?

As-Syaibani supports the legitimacy of individual ownership, recognizing it as a right. However, ownership must be obtained legally and must not infringe upon the rights of others. He also argues that the state has a role in ensuring the distribution of wealth so it does not circulate only among the rich.

What are the key points of As-Syaibani's thoughts on social justice and wealth distribution?

As-Syaibani advocates for the fair distribution of wealth and opposes monopolistic practices. He identifies three main aspects of wealth distribution: opposing wealth accumulation, using zakat as a tool for distribution, and recognizing the state's role in ensuring wealth is distributed fairly.

How does As-Syaibani view the role of the state in the economy?

As-Syaibani believes that the state plays a crucial role in regulating the economy, ensuring that economic balance is maintained and the basic needs of the population are met. The state is also responsible for preventing oppression and economic inequality.

What are As-Syaibani’s views on trade and business ethics?

As-Syaibani advocates for honest trade, free from usury, fraud, and exploitation. He condemns destructive economic practices such as fraud, usury, price manipulation, and hoarding. He also accepts market prices as a natural mechanism but opposes practices that artificially inflate prices through hoarding.

What is the significance of zakat in As-Syaibani's economic thought?

Zakat plays a central role in As-Syaibani's view of social justice and wealth distribution. He sees zakat as an essential mechanism for ensuring wealth is fairly distributed, particularly to those in need. It is viewed as a key tool for alleviating poverty and promoting equity in Islamic society.

How does As-Syaibani integrate religion with economics?

As-Syaibani integrates religious principles with economic activities, emphasizing that economics must be based on halal (permissible) and haram (forbidden) principles. He stresses the importance of balancing worldly pursuits with the afterlife and using ethics as the foundation for economic decision-making.