PERÍODO JOANINO | Resumo de História para o Enem

Summary

The Joanine Period marks a crucial moment in Brazil's journey toward independence. In 1808, the Portuguese royal family, led by Dom João VI, arrived in Rio de Janeiro, escaping Napoleon's European expansion. This marked the opening of Brazilian ports to friendly nations, signaling the gradual erosion of the colonial pact with Portugal. Reforms in Rio de Janeiro, like the establishment of key institutions, and England's influence on Brazil's trade and policies further advanced this shift. Dom João VI's departure in 1821 and his son Dom Pedro I's leadership ultimately led to Brazil's independence in 1822, a pivotal event in Brazilian history.

Takeaways

• 😀 Dom João VI fled to Brazil in 1808 to escape Napoleon's invasions and to maintain Portugal's relationship with England.
• 😀 The opening of Brazilian ports to friendly nations, especially England, was a significant step in reducing Brazil's colonial dependence on Portugal.
• 😀 The royal family's arrival in Rio de Janeiro led to urban reforms and social changes, including the expulsion of many residents from the city center.
• 😀 These social changes marked the beginning of the formation of the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro, which would later evolve into favelas.
• 😀 Key institutions were established in Brazil during this period, including the Botanical Garden, Royal Library, and Banco do Brasil.
• 😀 The treaties signed between Portugal and England in 1810, such as the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, favored English interests and further weakened Portugal's control over Brazil.
• 😀 England pressured Portugal to end the Atlantic slave trade in Brazil, pushing for economic changes that aligned with their interests in creating a consumer market.
• 😀 In 1815, Brazil was elevated to the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve, symbolically distancing it from its colonial status.
• 😀 In 1820, the Liberal Revolution in Portugal led to an ultimatum for Dom João VI to return to Europe, but he left his son, Dom Pedro I, in Brazil.
• 😀 Dom Pedro I played a crucial role in Brazil's independence by declaring the country independent from Portugal in 1822, marking the end of the Joanine period.

Q & A

Why did the Portuguese royal family, led by Dom João VI, move to Brazil in 1808?

The Portuguese royal family moved to Brazil in 1808 to escape the threat of French invasion led by Napoleon. Portugal faced the dilemma of either complying with the Continental Blockade decreed by Napoleon or maintaining its long-standing commercial relations with England, which led to the decision to flee to Brazil with English protection.

What was the Continental Blockade and how did it impact Portugal?

The Continental Blockade was a policy enforced by Napoleon to prevent European countries from trading with England. This severely impacted Portugal, which had strong economic and political ties with England. Portugal's decision to break the blockade and maintain its alliance with England led to a French threat of invasion.

What key event occurred when Dom João VI arrived in Brazil?

One of the first actions taken by Dom João VI upon arriving in Brazil was the opening of Brazilian ports to friendly nations, particularly England. This marked the beginning of the gradual unraveling of Brazil's colonial ties with Portugal.

How did the arrival of the royal family affect Rio de Janeiro?

The arrival of the royal family in Rio de Janeiro led to several urban reforms and expropriations of the local population, especially in the city center. These actions resulted in the formation of the first outskirts of Rio de Janeiro, which would evolve into social problems, eventually contributing to the creation of favelas.

What were the Treaties of 1810 and how did they impact Brazil's relationship with England?

The Treaties of 1810 were agreements between Portugal and England that established new trade conditions. The Treaty of Commerce and Navigation provided the English with lower commercial rates in Brazil, and the Treaty of Alliance and Friendship aimed to gradually end the Atlantic slave trade, which aligned with England’s economic interests.

Why did England push for the end of the Atlantic slave trade in Brazil?

England pushed for the end of the Atlantic slave trade in Brazil not out of humanitarian concern but for economic reasons. They believed that creating a wage-based labor force would boost the consumer market in Brazil, as enslaved people were not able to purchase goods.

What was the significance of the year 1815 for Brazil's political status?

In 1815, Brazil was elevated to the status of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve, formally reducing its colonial status. Although Brazil was no longer considered a colony in the traditional sense, it remained politically and economically tied to Portugal.

What triggered the Liberal Revolution in Portugal in 1820?

The Liberal Revolution in Portugal in 1820 was triggered by the rise of the bourgeoisie, influenced by Enlightenment ideals. This revolution sought to establish a constitution in Portugal and ultimately led to an ultimatum demanding that Dom João VI return to Portugal.

How did Dom João VI respond to the ultimatum from Portugal in 1821?

Dom João VI responded to the ultimatum by returning to Portugal in 1821, leaving his son, Dom Pedro I, in Brazil. Dom Pedro I would later play a key role in Brazil's independence movement.

Who was responsible for Brazil's independence, and what role did Dom Pedro I play?

Brazil's independence was achieved through the efforts of Dom Pedro I, who was left in Brazil by his father, Dom João VI. Dom Pedro I, alongside other Brazilian leaders, would eventually declare Brazil's independence from Portugal in 1822.