Kebijakan Pembangunan Nasional pada Era Pasca Orde Baru / Reformasi

Summary

The video discusses Indonesia's national development policies in the post-New Order or reform era, which began with the fall of President Soeharto's government in 1998. It highlights the economic and political challenges Indonesia faced, the measures taken by various presidents from BJ Habibie to Joko Widodo, and the focus on macroeconomic policies, restructuring, population control, political stability, and infrastructure development. Key policies include fiscal measures, privatization, and democratic reforms. The video concludes with the progress and challenges of Indonesia's infrastructure development and the country’s dependence on Chinese investments.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Reform Era in Indonesia began after the fall of President Soeharto's government in May 1998, driven by people's demands for change.
• 😀 The Reform Era was marked by a shift towards democracy and an open political system, addressing crises in the economy, politics, law, and basic needs.
• 😀 BJ Habibie's presidency saw significant macroeconomic policies, including actions in the monetary, banking, fiscal, and corporate sectors to stabilize the economy.
• 😀 Abdurrahman Wahid's presidency lacked significant economic action but Megawati's presidency introduced policies like foreign debt payment delays and the establishment of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK).
• 😀 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono focused on reducing fuel subsidies and improving per capita income through infrastructure development.
• 😀 Joko Widodo introduced economic policy packages to restructure the economic system, focusing on manufacturing industries, environmentally friendly industrial growth, and renewable energy.
• 😀 Population policy during the Reform Era continued the New Order's Family Planning program, aiming to control birth rates, reduce mortality, and improve quality of life.
• 😀 Political stability was achieved in 2004 after reforms like the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, ratification of regional autonomy, and elections every five years.
• 😀 Infrastructure development became a top priority under Joko Widodo's leadership, with massive projects outside Java, but this led to an increase in state debt, particularly due to the Bandung-Jakarta high-speed train project.
• 😀 The future challenge for Indonesia is reducing dependence on Chinese investment and diversifying cooperation with other international partners.

Q & A

What event marked the beginning of Indonesia's reform era?

The reform era began with the fall of President Soeharto's government in May 1998, which was driven by the people's demands for change.

What were the key challenges Indonesia faced as it entered the reform era?

Indonesia faced a crisis in multiple aspects, including economic, political, legal, trust issues, and basic needs as it entered the reform era.

What were the main policies introduced during BJ Habibie's presidency?

During BJ Habibie's presidency, several macroeconomic policies were introduced, covering the monetary sector, banking sector, fiscal sector, and corporate sector to address the economic crisis and improve conditions such as the falling Rupiah exchange rate.

What was the focus of Abdurrahman Wahid's presidency regarding the economy?

Abdurrahman Wahid's presidency did not take significant actions to address the country's economic situation, although other policies such as foreign debt payment delays and the establishment of the KPK were implemented.

What economic policies did Megawati Sukarnoputri's administration focus on?

Megawati's administration focused on requesting a delay in foreign debt payments, privatizing state-owned enterprises (BUMN), and establishing the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK).

What major economic policies were introduced during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's presidency?

During Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's presidency, policies included reducing fuel subsidies, increasing per capita income through mass infrastructure development, and encouraging economic growth.

How did Joko Widodo address Indonesia's economic development during his presidency?

Joko Widodo launched several economic policy packages (PKE) and focused on restructuring the economic structure through green industrial areas, renewable energy ecosystems, and environmentally friendly manufacturing industries.

What was the purpose of Indonesia's population policy in the reform era?

The population policy, continued from the New Order era, aimed at controlling birth rates, reducing mortality, and improving the quality of life through Family Planning programs and population education.

What political stability policies were implemented during the reform era?

Political stability was achieved in 2004 through amendments to the 1945 Constitution, new regional autonomy regulations, lifting restrictions on political parties, and eliminating the ABRI function. Elections were conducted every five years, ensuring regular democratic processes.

What role did infrastructure development play during Joko Widodo's leadership?

Infrastructure development became a top priority during Joko Widodo's presidency, with significant investments in both Java and non-Java regions. However, the large investments, such as the Bandung-Jakarta high-speed train, led to an increase in state debt.