APBN dan APBD Part 2 - Mekanisme Penyusunan APBN, Kebijakan Anggaran APBN, Pengaruh APBN

Summary

This video lesson explores Indonesia's national budgeting system, specifically the APBN (National Budget) and its preparation process. The instructor explains the steps involved in crafting the APBN, from the government's creation of the draft (RAPBN) to its review and approval by the DPR. Key budget policies such as balanced, dynamic, surplus, and deficit budgets are discussed, with their effects on the economy. The video also highlights the APBN's influence on economic growth, monetary stability, investment, job creation, and income distribution. Viewers are encouraged to stay tuned for the next lesson on regional budgets (APBD).

Takeaways

• 😀 APBN (National Budget) is a financial plan for the country's income and expenses, approved by the DPR (House of Representatives).
• 😀 The APBN creation process involves several stages: government prepares a draft (RAPBN), it is submitted to DPR, debated, and either approved or rejected.
• 😀 If the RAPBN is rejected by DPR, the government will continue with the previous year's APBN until a new one is approved.
• 😀 When RAPBN is approved, it becomes the official APBN with the force of law, supported by a presidential decree for its implementation.
• 😀 A common example of budget allocation is found in school organizations like OSIS, where funds for activities must go through a detailed approval process.
• 😀 The 2020 APBN example includes detailed information on government income (taxes, non-tax revenue) and expenditures (government operations, transfers to regions, and village funds).
• 😀 There are different types of budget policies in the APBN: balanced, dynamic, surplus, and deficit budgets.
• 😀 A balanced budget occurs when the government's expenses are equal to its income, promoting economic stability and preventing deficits.
• 😀 A dynamic budget increases every year, reflecting an overall growth in national economic activities.
• 😀 A surplus budget means the government earns more than it spends, often used to counter inflation and adjust for price increases in goods and services.
• 😀 A deficit budget occurs when the government spends more than it earns, typically used to stimulate the economy during times of recession or deflation.
• 😀 The APBN influences the national economy by fostering economic growth, stabilizing money circulation, encouraging investment, creating jobs, and improving income distribution.

Q & A

What is APBN, and what does it stand for?

APBN stands for 'Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara,' which translates to the 'State Revenue and Expenditure Budget.' It is a financial plan that includes the government's income and expenditure for a particular year, approved by the People's Representative Council (DPR).

What is the first step in the APBN preparation process?

The first step in preparing the APBN is the government or the President creating the RAPBN (Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara), which is the draft budget. It is presented as a financial note outlining the planned revenue and expenditure.

What happens after the RAPBN is presented to the DPR?

After the RAPBN is presented to the DPR, it is discussed and debated in a meeting, which may also involve the DPD (Regional Representative Council). The outcome of this meeting will determine if the RAPBN is approved or rejected.

What happens if the RAPBN is rejected by the DPR?

If the RAPBN is rejected by the DPR, the government will use the previous year's APBN as the financial basis for the current year, meaning the new budget cannot be used until it is reapproved.

How is the APBN formalized after approval?

Once the RAPBN is approved by the DPR, it becomes the official APBN through a law and is further strengthened by a Presidential decree on the implementation of the APBN.

What are the four main types of budget policies in the APBN?

The four main types of budget policies in the APBN are: 1) Balanced Budget (Anggaran Berimbang), where expenditures equal revenues; 2) Dynamic Budget (Anggaran Dinamis), which increases annually; 3) Surplus Budget (Anggaran Surplus), where revenues exceed expenditures; and 4) Deficit Budget (Anggaran Defisit), where expenditures exceed revenues.

What is a balanced budget, and why is it important?

A balanced budget is when the government's expenditures are equal to its revenues. This policy is important for maintaining economic stability and preventing the occurrence of a budget deficit.

What is a dynamic budget, and how does it differ from other types of budgets?

A dynamic budget refers to a budget that increases every year compared to previous years. Unlike other budget types, it continuously grows, allowing for the expansion of government spending and investment.

Why would a government opt for a surplus budget?

A government might opt for a surplus budget when its revenue exceeds its expenditure. This is typically done to control inflation by adjusting the budget to reflect higher prices of goods and services, thereby stabilizing the economy.

How does a deficit budget impact the economy?

A deficit budget occurs when the government's expenditures exceed its revenue. This approach is typically used to stimulate a struggling economy by increasing government spending to boost economic growth, especially during deflation or an economic downturn.

What are some of the economic impacts of implementing the APBN?

The APBN has several impacts on the economy, including stimulating economic growth, stabilizing money circulation, encouraging investment, creating jobs, and improving the distribution of income. These actions help maintain a healthy economic environment.