IPS Kelas 7 Semester 2-Kerajaan Kerajaan Hindhu Buddha di Indonesia Part 2

Summary

This video provides a detailed exploration of Indonesia's Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, tracing their history, culture, and economic life. It covers the rise and fall of notable kingdoms such as Kutai, Tarumanegara, Sriwijaya, Mataram Kuno, Medang, Kediri, Singasari, and Majapahit, highlighting their rulers, dynasties, and significant historical events. The script delves into the cultural contributions, like temples and literature, the economic life driven by agriculture and trade, and the eventual decline of these kingdoms due to internal conflicts and external invasions. The video offers a comprehensive overview of the ancient Indonesian political landscape.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kingdom of Mataram Kuno was established in the 8th century and was ruled by two dynasties: the Sanjaya dynasty (Hindu) and the Syailendra dynasty (Buddhist).
• 😀 Mataram Kuno's major rulers included Raja Sanjaya, Rakai Panangkaran, and Rakai Pikatan, who contributed to the development of both Hindu and Buddhist traditions.
• 😀 Mataram Kuno's economy was primarily based on agriculture and maritime trade, particularly utilizing the Bengawan Solo river for transportation.
• 😀 The downfall of Mataram Kuno was caused by natural disasters, invasions from Srivijaya, and the eventual split between the Sanjaya and Syailendra families.
• 😀 The Medang Kingdom emerged in the 10th century when Empu Sendok established a new dynasty after moving the center of power from Mataram Kuno to East Java.
• 😀 The Kediri Kingdom, formed after the division of Medang by Airlangga, was known for its agricultural prosperity and maritime trade, including significant literature like the Mahabharata.
• 😀 The Singasari Kingdom, founded by Ken Arok, marked the start of a period of territorial expansion and military conflicts, including an attack on Srivijaya and the Mongol invasion in 1275.
• 😀 Singasari’s peak occurred under King Kertanegara, who sought to expand the kingdom’s influence and defend against Mongol invasions, notably through the Pamalayu expedition.
• 😀 The Majapahit Empire, which began in 1293 with Raden Wijaya, became the largest and most powerful Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Indonesia under the leadership of King Hayam Wuruk.
• 😀 The downfall of Majapahit in the 15th century was caused by internal conflicts, the rise of Islam, and the eventual emergence of the Sultanate of Demak, which conquered Majapahit.
• 😀 Key historical sources for these kingdoms include inscriptions (prasasti), Buddhist and Hindu temples, and epic literature such as the Negarakertagama and Sutasoma, which document the kingdom's cultural and political achievements.

Q & A

What was the main religious influence on the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno?

The Kingdom of Mataram Kuno was influenced by both Hinduism and Buddhism. This dual influence was due to the two ruling dynasties, the Sanjaya dynasty which followed Hinduism, and the Syailendra dynasty which adhered to Buddhism.

How did the Mataram Kuno kingdom evolve politically after the reign of Rakai Panangkaran?

After Rakai Panangkaran's reign, the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno split into two factions, the Sanjaya family and the Syailendra family. However, they were later reunited through the marriage of Rakai Pikatan from the Sanjaya family to Pramodyawardani from the Syailendra family.

What led to the decline of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom?

The decline of Mataram Kuno was caused by several factors: natural disasters such as the eruption of Mount Merapi, attacks from the Srivijaya Kingdom, and the eventual move of the capital to East Java after the region became unstable.

What contributions did the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno make to Indonesian culture?

The Kingdom of Mataram Kuno is known for its architectural contributions, including the construction of temples and stupas such as Candi Prambanan, Candi Borobudur, Candi Mendut, and Candi Pawon. These structures reflect the kingdom’s Hindu-Buddhist heritage.

How did the Medang Kingdom emerge from the decline of Mataram Kuno?

The Medang Kingdom emerged when Empu Sendok, a prominent figure in the Mataram Kuno administration, established a new dynasty called the Isyana Dynasty. Empu Sendok moved the capital to East Java, marking the beginning of the Medang Kingdom.

What role did Airlangga play in the history of the Medang Kingdom?

Airlangga succeeded the fallen kingdom of Dharmawangsa after his death in 1019. He consolidated power, restored peace, and divided the kingdom into two regions, Panjalu and Jenggala, to avoid conflict among his heirs.

What economic activities were vital for the Kingdom of Kediri?

The Kingdom of Kediri's economy was based on agriculture, particularly rice production, as well as maritime activities. Trade, including goods like gold, silver, sandalwood, and ivory, also played a key role in their economy.

What led to the downfall of the Kingdom of Kediri?

The downfall of Kediri occurred during the reign of King Kertajaya, who had conflicts with the Brahmanas. His arrogance and refusal to follow traditional customs led to his downfall when he was overthrown by Ken Arok of Tumapel.

How did the Singasari Kingdom come into power?

The Singasari Kingdom was founded by Ken Arok after he overthrew the Kingdom of Kediri, with the support of the Brahmanas. The kingdom is located in East Java and became influential under the rule of King Kertanegara.

What caused the fall of the Singasari Kingdom?

The Singasari Kingdom fell due to internal strife, particularly a rebellion led by Jayakatwang, a descendant of the Kediri rulers. Jayakatwang took advantage of Singasari's weakened state and attacked the kingdom, leading to its downfall.