What is acceptable risk?
Summary
TLDRMickey Leonard, a researcher at the University of Minnesota, discusses the concept of acceptable risk in the context of swine and poultry industries. She explains the process of risk assessment, which includes identifying hazards, evaluating likelihood and consequences, and implementing mitigation strategies. Leonard emphasizes the importance of collaboration with stakeholders and the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods to determine risk levels. She also highlights the role of pre-movement isolation periods and targeted surveillance in reducing the spread of diseases. The presentation concludes with the notion that acceptable risk is case-specific and must be balanced through dialogue between regulatory bodies and the industry.
Takeaways
- 🔬 Mickey Leonard is a researcher for the Secure Fruit Systems team at the University of Minnesota, focusing on risk assessments for the swine and poultry industries.
- 📈 Risk is defined by the World Organization for Animal Health as the likelihood of an adverse event occurring and the magnitude of its biological and economic impact on animal or human health.
- 🚨 The Secure Food Systems team conducts risk assessments to evaluate the potential spread of foreign animal diseases and their impact on agricultural continuity.
- 🤝 Risk assessments are collaborative, involving federal and state regulators, veterinarians, and industry representatives to understand the full extent of risk.
- 📊 Risk assessments combine both qualitative and quantitative analysis, looking at the probability of transmission and detection of viruses in farms.
- 🧩 The risk analysis framework includes hazard identification, risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication.
- 🛡️ Pre-movement isolation periods are critical for biosecurity, minimizing the likelihood of exposure to pathogens and increasing the chances of detection before movement.
- ⚖️ Risk is calculated by multiplying the likelihood of an event by its consequence, considering both direct and indirect effects.
- 🏞️ Risk management involves implementing feasible mitigations based on scientific principles and considering the experiences and expertise of diverse stakeholders.
- 📉 Acceptable risk is determined on a case-by-case basis, balancing regulatory requirements with additional measures that farms can implement to reduce personal risk.
- 💬 Effective risk communication is essential, especially when dealing with different risk appetites and perceptions among stakeholders.
Q & A
What is the role of Mickey Leonard in the Secure Fruit Systems team at the University of Minnesota?
-Mickey Leonard is a researcher for the Secure Fruit Systems team at the University of Minnesota. She works with a team to produce risk assessments for all species, focusing on the continuity of business movements for the swine and poultry industries, as well as the aquatic industry.
What is the definition of 'risk' according to the World Organization for Animal Health?
-The World Organization for Animal Health defines risk as the likelihood of the occurrence and the likely magnitude of the biological and economic consequences of an adverse event or effect to animal or human health.
What are the main concerns when conducting risk assessments for swine and foreign animal diseases?
-The main concerns are the likelihood that a farm might be infected and the potential spread of the disease to other farms, locations, or susceptible species.
How do the risk assessments facilitate agricultural continuity of business?
-The risk assessments facilitate agricultural continuity by providing science-based evaluations of the likelihood and consequences of specific pathogens, allowing for the implementation of measures to reduce risk and maintain business operations.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative risk assessments?
-Qualitative risk assessments evaluate the likelihood and consequences of a risk without numerical values, while quantitative risk assessments use numerical data to calculate the probability of transmission and the potential impact of an event.
What is the purpose of the pre-movement isolation period in risk management?
-The pre-movement isolation period is a critical biosecurity component that minimizes the likelihood of a premises being exposed to a pathogen and increases the likelihood of detecting an infected premises, thereby reducing the risk of moving infected but undetected animals or animal products.
How does the risk assessment framework start with hazard identification?
-The risk assessment framework begins with hazard identification by considering the pathogen of concern, understanding its concepts, and how it operates, which is essential for evaluating the likelihood and consequences of its entry, establishment, and spread within a region.
What are the components of risk management in the context of the risk assessment process?
-Risk management involves taking the information from the risk assessment and implementing mitigation measures to reduce the level of risk, such as enhanced biosecurity measures, targeted surveillance, and ensuring compliance with good agricultural practices.
How is the overall risk determined in the risk assessment process?
-The overall risk is determined by qualitatively combining the likelihoods of individual pathways, assuming all applicable preventative measures are in place, and considering the potential consequences and mitigations that can be implemented.
What is the concept of 'acceptable risk' and how is it determined?
-Acceptable risk is a level of risk that is deemed appropriate and tolerable by stakeholders, including regulatory bodies and the industry. It is determined on a case-by-case basis, considering the specific circumstances, potential consequences, and the effectiveness of implemented mitigation measures.
How does the Secure Food Systems team approach the challenge of balancing personal experiences with empirical data in risk assessments?
-The team balances personal experiences with empirical data by ensuring that the risk assessment is representative of the farms in general, considering the evidence supporting different thoughts, and incorporating the expertise and experiences of the diverse work group members.
What is the 'Swiss cheese' approach in risk management and how is it applied?
-The 'Swiss cheese' approach in risk management refers to layering different mitigation measures to enhance protection against risks. Each layer represents a different control measure, and by stacking these layers, potential gaps in individual measures can be covered by others, creating a more robust defense against risks.
How does the Secure Food Systems team communicate the results of risk assessments to stakeholders with different risk appetites and perceptions?
-The team communicates risk assessment results by working closely with individual farms, state, and federal regulators to provide support and understanding on a case-by-case basis. They also create permit guidances that condense important information from lengthy risk assessments, making it more understandable and accessible.
How are risk assessments conducted by the Secure Food Systems team, and what factors drive the decision to do them remotely?
-Risk assessments are primarily conducted remotely through Zoom work groups and literature reviews. The decision to conduct assessments remotely is driven by the ability to gather comprehensive information from stakeholders and industry representatives, as well as the practicality of conducting extensive reviews without the need for on-site visits.
Outlines
🔬 Introduction to Risk Assessment in Agriculture
The first speaker, Mickey Leonard, introduces the concept of risk assessment within the context of the swine and poultry industries. She explains that her team at the University of Minnesota's Secure Food Systems conducts risk assessments to evaluate the likelihood and impact of adverse events affecting animal and human health. The assessments are crucial for maintaining business continuity and are based on scientific evidence and collaboration with stakeholders, including federal and state regulators and industry representatives. The talk outlines the framework for risk analysis, including hazard identification, risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication.
📈 Understanding Risk: Definition and Equation
Mickey Leonard delves deeper into the definition of risk, as provided by the World Organization for Animal Health, emphasizing the importance of evaluating both the likelihood of an event and its potential consequences. She introduces the risk equation, which multiplies the likelihood of an event by its consequences, and discusses the direct and indirect effects of such events. Leonard also touches on the variability of risk assessments, which can differ based on the type of movement and the specific conditions of each farm.
🚫 Pre-Movement Isolation Period: A Key Biosecurity Measure
The speaker explains the critical role of the pre-movement isolation period (PMIP) in biosecurity, which is a period of intensified biosecurity measures prior to the movement of animals. These measures include restrictions on the movement of animals and people, enhanced biosecurity for vehicles, and the prohibition of waste removal from the premises. The PMIP is essential for minimizing the risk of exposure to pathogens and increasing the chances of detecting an infection before movement.
🔍 Risk Management: Strategies and Feasibility
Mickey Leonard discusses the importance of risk management in reducing the identified risks through scientifically grounded mitigations. She stresses the need for feasibility, ensuring that farms can implement the measures without significant disruption. The speaker also highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement in determining the effectiveness of these mitigations and ensuring that the selected measures result in an appropriate level of protection.
🏆 Maximizing Risk Management Through Layered Mitigations
The speaker illustrates how risk can be managed by layering different mitigations, drawing an analogy with the Swiss cheese model, where multiple layers of protection reduce the likelihood of risk. Leonard provides examples of general and specific biosecurity measures, such as dedicated PPE and targeted surveillance, that can be implemented to enhance protection. She emphasizes the need to balance the effectiveness of mitigations with their practicality and the potential for reducing risk to acceptable levels.
🤔 The Concept of Acceptable Risk and Its Determination
Mickey Leonard addresses the complex issue of determining what constitutes an acceptable level of risk, which varies depending on the specific circumstances and stakeholders involved. She explains that while zero risk is unattainable, risk can be reduced to levels that are deemed acceptable through a collaborative process involving regulatory bodies and industry experts. The speaker also discusses the importance of communication in conveying the findings of risk assessments and managing different perceptions of risk.
🗣️ Balancing Empirical Data with Personal Experiences in Risk Assessment
In the concluding part of the script, the discussion turns to the question-and-answer session where the balance between empirical data and personal experiences in risk assessment is explored. Mickey Leonard explains how the team considers the representativeness of experiences and the evidence supporting different viewpoints. She also discusses the process of communicating risk assessments, particularly the challenges of dealing with diverse risk appetites and perceptions among stakeholders.
🏭 Remote Risk Assessments and Their Implications
The final part of the script addresses a question about the method of conducting risk assessments, whether remotely or on-site. Mickey Leonard explains that while remote assessments are common, the team is open to on-site visits when possible. She details the process of understanding the pathways and steps involved in a movement, working closely with stakeholders and conducting literature reviews to ensure the assessments are as representative as possible.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Risk Assessment
💡Secure Food Systems
💡Continuity of Business
💡Aquatic Industry
💡Animal Health and Welfare
💡Pathogen
💡Risk Management
💡Mitigations
💡Pre-movement Isolation Period
💡Risk Communication
💡Acceptable Risk
Highlights
Mickey Leonard, a researcher at the University of Minnesota, discusses risk assessments for the swine and poultry industries.
Risk is defined by the World Organization for Animal Health as the likelihood and magnitude of consequences of an adverse event.
Risk assessments consider the likelihood of infection and spread of foreign animal diseases in farms.
The Secure Food Systems team works closely with stakeholders, including federal and state regulators and industry representatives.
Risk assessments are both qualitative and quantitative, evaluating the probability of transmission and detection of viruses.
The risk analysis framework includes hazard identification, risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication.
Mickey explains the equation for risk involving the likelihood of moving infected animals and the consequences of such movement.
Risk can vary depending on the type of movement and individual farm circumstances.
Pre-movement isolation periods are critical for minimizing the likelihood of exposure to a pathogen.
Risk management involves creating mitigations based on scientific principles and considering their feasibility.
Acceptable risk is determined on a case-by-case basis through collaboration between regulatory bodies and the industry.
The presentation includes a practical example of calculating the risk of tripping while leaving the podium.
Mickey discusses the importance of balancing personal experiences with empirical data in risk assessments.
Risk communication is key, especially when dealing with different risk appetites and perceptions among stakeholders.
The Secure Food Systems team provides support for risk assessments, including creating permit guidances for easier implementation.
Remote work is the primary method for conducting risk assessments, though on-site visits are also conducted when possible.
The importance of layered mitigations in risk management, akin to the Swiss cheese model, is highlighted to enhance protection.
Transcripts
um with that in mind we've got three
speakers today our first speaker is
Mickey Leonard Mickey Leonard is a
researcher for our secure fruit systems
team at the University of Minnesota she
works with a team to produce our risk
assessments um for all species and these
are for continuity of business movements
for the swine and poultry Industries we
also work with the um aquatic industry
as well prior to joining the secure Food
Systems team Mickey worked at the
University of Minnesota's laboratory and
and that's where she found her interest
in Animal Health and Welfare and that's
where I stole her
away and brought her to our team so
without any further Ado um we have a
progressive set of talks we're going to
talk about risk then we're talk about
how risk assessment and then we're going
to talk about um a pathway analysis um
all um dealing with the swine industry
because we're at the Layman wine
conference take it away Mickey thanks
Marie all right so as Marie said I'm
Mickey Leonard and I will be talking to
you about what is acceptable risk so
let's just start off with what is risk
uh the world an World Organization for
Animal Health defines risk as the
likelihood of the occurrence and the
likely magnitude of the biological and
economic consequences of an adverse
event or effect to animal or human
health so that's just a lot of words to
say that you know you're going to figure
out how likely something is going to
happen and then what's going to happen
because that event occurred um and so
when we're talking about uh swine and
foreign animal diseases we're concerned
about what's the likelihood that a farm
might be infected and then with the
secure Food Systems team our risk
assessments that we conduct um we then
are also looking at whether or not that
spread might occur and that could be to
the farm or location that a an animal or
Animal product is moving to or we're
also concerned about the risk of move of
spread to other susceptible species so
other Farms that are in the area or
along the Route um and as Marie was
saying before we are facilitating
agricultural continuity of business uh
with our risk assessments and that's why
we we do this these are science-based so
we're really looking at the way that
these very specific pathogens um react
and move um and they're also
collaboratively created we work very
closely with stakeholders and so we have
federal and state uh Regulators that are
on our teams we also have veterinarians
and other industry Representatives uh
Allied Industries as well anyone who has
some stake in this movement and this
industry we appreciate being on our team
so we fully understand what the full
risk is and then our risk assessment are
both qualitative and quantitative so I
don't speak as much about the
quantitative part today but when we're
thinking about quantitative we're
looking at that risk of actual
transmission within a barn that
probability of detecting a virus that is
in the farm before movement um and then
also if you can detect the virus after
movement to understand if maybe virus
was introduced during load out or at
another point in the
process so
waa has this risk analysis framework
that we also work on and so you start
off with your hazard identification so
you think about what is the pathogen
that I'm concerned about and so with
swine we've looked at fmd we're now
working on one with ASF and you really
need to understand what those uh
Concepts and the way that that virus is
and works uh from there we go into the
risk assessment and so that's the
evaluation of the like likelihood and
the biological and economic consequences
of Entry establishment and spread of
that pathogen within a given region so
again thinking about moving from Farm a
to farm b or Farm a to slaughter
something like that uh you're thinking
about what might happen if that were to
occur uh risk management is then taking
what you've just thought about with that
risk assessment what you've just learned
and then putting mitigations in place so
that way you can Implement these
measures that can potentially reduce the
level of risk and then finally bringing
it all together you have risk
communication so that's communication
with your
stakeholders um communication just with
the industry with Regulators making sure
that there is open communication
understanding you know what risk was
what are the different things that went
into this analysis
um what are the different perceptions
among risk assessors uh the risk
managers these different things and
making sure that everyone understands
what it is that occurred during this
risk
analysis and so risk can be uh defined
by an equation so the risk of in our
case moving infected but undetected
animals or animal products is going to
be the likelihood of moving those
infected but undetected animals or
animal products times the consequence of
moving that uninfected animal uninfected
but undetected animal or Animal product
and so you know again that likelihood
the chance that your hazard ha hazardous
event can occur and the consequence is
that potential result of the Hazardous
event occurring and so with the
consequence you need to remember that
there are direct results so spread
spreading a pathogen but then there are
also going to be indirect consequences
as well um thinking about financial
implications things that are going to
affect the industry that sort of thing
and situations are going to be different
so when you think about the different
types of movements that could be
occurring those are going to come up
with different risks but even within the
same type of movement it's going to vary
on a farm byarm basis because as you all
know Farms are not going to the same
across the industry so you are going to
be assessing it very individually um and
depending on the circumstances of each
event your likelihood may be weighted
higher than your consequence or your
consequence may be weighted higher than
your likelihood so they're not going to
go into that with that exact same effect
on the
risk and so risk can be impacted and it
can be impacted by things that we do um
or it could just be impacted because of
the way that things are so if you were
to have a farm that is in a very high
density area your likelihood of being
exposed and having that infection is
likely going to increase which could
then result in Risk
increasing uh but you could also have
things that affect the consequence and
that could decrease which would also
then reduce the risk but you can really
have any combination of increase or
decrease in both likelihood and
consequence as well as of course the
risk and when you think about how to
come up with this overall risk
determination uh what we do is we
qualitatively combine the likelihoods of
individual Pathways assuming that all
applicable preventative measures are in
place so for example the the
pre-movement isolation period which I
will explain in just a second but when
you think about how risk occurs and
thinking about the overall movement
you're going to think about ways that a
virus could enter into a farm so those
are going to be your input Pathways and
when you're thinking about these
Pathways you're not going to have again
all of them be the same sort of weight
some of these are going to affect your
risk and your likelihood a lot more
heavily than the others are so that's
always something you need to consider
when going through a risk assessment but
we start with our input Pathways and
then we put in place different
mitigations so um start with this
pre-movement isolation period and then
also add on some PCR surveillance to
help bring down and mitigate that risk
from there you might have more uh inputs
though and more risk coming in or um
regarding spread so then you have load
out and and transport Pathways where
again you could have virus introduced
into a farm and also start to think
about the risk of spreading that virus
but we put in place even more
mitigations to hopefully bring down that
overall risk and you know depending the
overall risk is going to vary in
different sizes and it might not just be
one specific risk there may be a range
because there's a lot of
uncertainty um but that's the general
idea of how we get to an overall risk
for a
movement so that pre-movement isolation
period that I was just talking about is
a critical biocurity component of the
process and really it's a time period of
greatly intensifi intensified biocurity
for the entire premises prior to a
permitted movement and so some examples
are of that are no movement of live or
dead animals onto or off of the premises
in this amount of time um only have
critical operational visits coming onto
the premises during this this time
you'll also have manure and garbage not
being removed from the premises and then
you're also going to be looking at a lot
of enhanced bios security measures for
people and
vehicles and so why is the pmip so
critical well you have these
requirements that are going to minimize
the likelihood of a premises being
exposed to a pathogen in the first place
and then you're going to also have it
increase the likelihood of detection of
an infected premises because if you have
more time for that virus to be on a farm
you're going to be able to have a higher
likelihood of detecting it which will
then decrease that likelihood of moving
infected but undetected animals or
animal
products and again you need to think
about these potential unintended
consequences as well so you may have
animal public public and Environmental
Health and Welfare options that are
happening um the economic state of
things again these are just different
unintended consequences so you really
have to think about the whole picture as
it could potentially turn into this sort
of domino
effect now when we talk about risk we
have these specific risk ratings so at
the very severe end of things we have
extremely high which is this event is
basically it's almost certainly going to
occur and if it does these are going to
be really severe or catastrophic results
and then you have high moderate and
you're kind of ticking down the
likelihood and also ticking down that
consequence and then you get down to
negligible at the very other end of the
spectrum where it's really um it's
insignificant that if this event would
occur because of results or it's just
really unlikely that it's going to occur
and it's not really worth considering so
these are the risk ratings that we use
in our
analyses and another way to kind of look
at that and remember or think about how
likelihood and consequence come together
you can look at how you have these
different uh levels and also um for the
likelihood and the consequence and how
they can come together to come up with
an overall risk
rating now talked a lot about kind of
these different components and what they
mean so let's move through a potential
example of how to calculate risk and so
I'm going to step away from the
agricultural side of things just for a
second for ease of talking through this
and so let's consider what the risk of
me tripping while leaving the podium
after this talk is going to be so let's
start with the
likelihood I know myself I feel pretty
confident that I know how to walk and
I've got good balance today but but
that's possible so I'm going to call it
low to moderate there's that uncertainty
that I was talking about before where
you're going to have a range of
possibilities of what could occur now
let's think about the consequence you
know it could be a little trip and the
only thing that happens is I have a
little hurt ego or I could really biffet
and hurt myself physically so I'm going
to call that low to high because I'm not
really sure what could happen there is a
lot of uncertainty so when I think about
the overall risk we weighing these
different likelihoods and consequences I
think it's going to be a moderate risk
it's pretty unlikely but it could occur
and you know the
consequences have a range of what could
happen so we've got a moderate risk and
we'll see what happens at the end of my
talk how well I
do now moving into the risk management
side of things these are going to be
like I was talking about before those
mitigations that are going to help
reduce reduce your risk so after you
have your risk analysis done and you
have identified what those risks are
we're going to use scientific principles
to create these mitigations and you may
have National or International
mitigations considered so things that
are um already out there we don't need
to reinvent the wheel we can borrow what
other people are doing and we found out
that that can be a really useful thing
cuz some people are like oh that's a
good idea that's one great thing about
our work groups as we get to learn these
sorts of things another important thing
with risk management is making sure that
these me these measures are feasible we
want to make sure that Farms are going
to be able to do them especially when
you have these greatly enhanced
biocurity measures you can't just change
everything about your farm and the way
that things are running at the drop of a
dime so you just really need to think
about what could we re reasonably put in
place and again this is going to involve
stakeholders so that you can understand
and determine whether or not these are
going to be feasible measures and really
how effective they are and when we're
thinking about acceptable risk the
selected mitigations must result in some
appropriate level of protection you want
to make sure that you're putting forth
mitigations that are going to reduce
that
risk and so what are some examples of
risk management
on a larger scale you have good
agricultural practices good
manufacturing practices standard
operating procedures and also the
enhanced targeted surveillance that
you're going to be putting in place and
looking even specifically for some real
life examples um having Danish entries
or having something that has perceived
higher uh protection such as a shower in
shower out facility and you also want to
ensure that these procedures are being
followed uh you know another example is
having required uh dedicated PPE for
farm and barn level entry and you know
thinking about the other side of things
not just what you can do at the first
Farm but what your destination premises
is if you're moving animals to a single
age Farm if you have that opportunity
you're not going to be potentially
spreading disease to those other animals
that are already on the farm so you do
have a slightly lower consequence in
those
regards now maximizing that risk
management you can layer these different
mitigations and you can have this
enhanced protection you know each
additional mitigation can help manage
that risk but you do need to think about
the fact that not all M mitigations are
going to measure risk
equally um and so an example of this is
thinking of how we measure these
different levels
so you're going to see some tables very
similar when Caitlyn gives her talk in
just a minute but if we start off with
our Indo industry biocurity standards
you know maybe you have something that
has low to moderate
likelihood and then you're going to
layer on whatever your secure Supply
plan so in our our case secure pork
Supply um what their enhanced biocurity
recommendations are and from there you
might be able to lower that likelihood
down to
low and then on top of those two already
good um biocurity measures you could add
on that targeted enhanced biocurity
measures that um we've been talking
about things that are developed with the
stakeholders and that could bring you
down even lower potentially so you're
going to want to think about what these
layered mitigations could be and another
way to think about that as we've all
seen with covid kind of the Swiss cheese
approach where you know if you just have
one piece of Swiss cheese you're going
to have a higher likelihood but then
once you start layering on more it's
possible that you're going to get more
protected by the end of
this now thinking about minimizing risk
you're never going to be able to achieve
zero risk but you can reduce it to
acceptable Le levels so again assess
those potential hazards Implement
mitigations to reduce likelihood and
when possible consider changes to reduce
consequences now finally getting back to
the big question what is acceptable risk
I've talked to you about what risk is
ways that we can help management know
what's acceptable risk and unfortunately
I don't just have a single answer for
you it's going to be very um it's going
to veryy B by case so again depending on
what kind of movement you're doing um
what kind of farms you have the
different types of animals it's going to
vary greatly so you do need to assess it
on a case-by casee basis this is going
to be a collaboration between regulatory
bodies and industry it's a nice way
again to have those two pieces working
together certain measures that are going
to be um put in place for determining
whether or not risk is acceptable are
going to be polic
and so they're regulated Again by those
state and federal agencies but then you
have these other additional measures
that maybe not all Farms can put in
place but you could specifically put in
place that would help lower your own
personal
risk and really just kind of the bottom
line is you want to think about what
level of risk are you willing to allow
what are you going to feel comfortable
with and again that's that discussion
with the regular atory bodies when
you're trying to decide whether or not a
movement can occur and whether or not
you should attempt it and so with that
I'd like to thank the rest of the secure
Food Systems team um we all work
together on creating these risk
assessments and our modelers do a lot of
really great modeling to give that
quantitative view that again I didn't
touch on today but they do a lot of
really good work um and we also of
course couldn't do this without funding
and support from from our partners usdaa
USDA USDA Nea afre USDA apas fad prep
the state of Minnesota and other a
industry groups and so with that I would
like to open the floor to any
questions thank
Mickey and then we've got uh two
microphones one on this end one on that
end on this um interre Talk setting the
stage for what is um appropriate risk
any questions um from the audience
going once going twice going three times
no we can take our
time for
that presenter that nobody has any
questions everything is completely
completely solid in their
minds no I of course I have a question
for you um um Mickey is um we're getting
at um um the risk discussion and I think
you put it up there about um that the
the science has to be there as well to
inform that and so how do you balance um
when you're um when you're getting at
acceptable risk um balance personal
experiences the empirical data like once
I found I saw this you know versus the
published data how do you balance that
out there with a a diverse work group
and especially if we think of of of the
poultry side that you've worked a lot
with um you know um in and then and any
of the work groups how do you balance
that yeah absolutely so you are going to
have these different experiences that
people will have and so one thing you
think about is how representative is
this of your risk assessment and farms
in general um so that's one thing you
think about making
sure
represent Farm or body um but you also
want to make sure that there is that
evidence supporting these different
thoughts um you know if there's more
evidence kind of against one argument
than there is for it that's something
that you want to consider but then we
also have these workg groups that are
made up of you know a lot of different
experiences and people and experts and
they're also able to put forth their
thoughts onto things so whether or not
um other people have experienced this as
well is something that we can also take
into consideration when we're doing
these risk assessments and coming up
with final risk risk
determinations and I guess the any other
questions from the audience because I
could have one more you have one go
ahead you have one oh you
you um no thank you very much for a
great presentation um my question is a
bit further down the line that sometimes
you get um once you once you're done
with this stage you need to communicate
that risk and then you have people with
different risk appetite and perception
and I was just wondering how you've
navigated that space um given the
different uh projects that you've had to
work with sure yeah so there's
a a lot
of where these are some of the results
for this very specific risk assessment
we're doing and so what we're going to
do is talk about that specifically but
then we also will layer it where we have
worked very closely with individual
farms and also with individual um state
federal Regulators to kind of help work
through that on a caseby casee basis um
so that's another thing where our team
is there for those Outreach
opportunities where we like to be able
to provide the support since we're very
familiar with it and our risk
assessments are pretty lengthy you know
close to about 200 pages so uh there's a
lot to sift through there and we also
create these permit guidances which is
just kind of condensed information
really pulling out those important
pieces that you can Implement um and
that's just another way that we're able
to share the information a little bit
more of an understandable
way thanks John coren has a question
sure you
do
so it is a
mitig because what you're G
is bread
um
know all right if I just hold it and
hope for the best at this point but um
yeah so in a way where we're thinking
about reducing that spread of disease so
even though you would unfortunately be
detecting that disease um and you're not
getting a benefit out of it at that
point you are able to at least try and
stop it before it gets too bad and
you're also thinking about that viral
load where you know at least maybe
you're not going to be spewing out a lot
of virus into the environment or um you
know just these other considerations
that you're not going to have to be you
know you should be concerned of course
but maybe not as concerned when you're
doing clean like that if you're going to
be having those um smaller viral loads
by catching it when you only have one
boore perhaps versus having 10 bores
that are
positive one last question um it's a
quick question so do you do your risk
assessments at the farm or do you do
them remotely and if you do them
remotely what drove that decision so we
do them remotely but if we do have the
chance to be able to go to Farms um i'
certainly never say no um there's been a
couple of times where we've been able to
go out to farms and talk with people um
and that's really great but for the most
part we just do um remote Zoom work
group thingss where we just kind of walk
through what these pathways are so we
really think about the entire process of
everything that's going on for a
movement Seaman for
Bo's talking about we really think about
the different steps going into this
whole process we work with our
stakeholders and our industry
representatives to tell us what going on
and then we're also being able to
conduct a literature um review at the
same time to kind of put both of those
pieces together and from there we just
try and come up with a way to be the
most representative that we can but then
if you do have a farm that were to you
know really want that additional help
really understand their personal risk um
that's something that probably would be
better done on an IND individual Farm um
we are able to talk about their
individual experiences but then at the
same time you have those Regulators who
are going to be out at the farm too so
they might be able to help you out in
that regard
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