MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS | Prof. Leandro Vieira

Summary

Leandro Vieira, a sociology professor, delves into the concept of social movements, explaining their nature and types. He highlights that social movements are organized groups advocating for a cause, which can either oppose or support the government. Movements can be categorized as either conjunctural (short-term, specific demands) or structural (long-term, foundational changes). They can aim to transform or preserve societal aspects. Vieira emphasizes that participation in such movements is crucial for social change, and encourages viewers to reflect on their involvement in shaping societal progress.

Takeaways

• 😀 Social movements are groups of individuals demanding or fighting for a cause or objective.
• 😀 A social movement can either support or oppose the government, depending on the cause they are fighting for.
• 😀 A social movement is not the same as a spontaneous manifestation; the former has a clear social or political demand.
• 😀 Social movements are categorized into two types: conjunctural (short-term) and structural (long-term).
• 😀 Conjunctural movements emerge in response to immediate societal demands, such as protests for a reduction in bus fares.
• 😀 Structural movements focus on long-term goals and often involve deep societal changes, like movements against racism.
• 😀 Social movements can be classified as transformative (aiming for social change) or conservative (aiming to maintain an existing law or norm).
• 😀 A social movement can also be classified by its duration: short-term conjunctural movements vs. long-term structural movements.
• 😀 Movements such as MST (Landless Workers' Movement) and feminist movements are examples of social movements in Brazil.
• 😀 The essential characteristic of any social movement is the presence of a clear agenda or set of goals that the group is advocating for.

Q & A

What is a social movement?

A social movement is a group of individuals who unite to demand, defend, or fight for a specific cause or goal. These movements can be in opposition to or in support of the government.

How does a social movement differ from a spontaneous manifestation?

A social movement is organized and has a clear agenda with a defined cause, while a spontaneous manifestation is a gathering of people without a specific or organized objective, like a football crowd gathering without any structured goal.

What are the two main types of social movements discussed in the video?

The two main types of social movements are 'conjunctural' and 'structural.' Conjunctural movements are short-term and arise in response to specific societal issues, whereas structural movements aim for long-term, fundamental societal changes.

What characterizes a 'conjunctural' social movement?

A conjunctural social movement is short-term, arising in response to a specific, immediate societal issue. An example would be protests for a reduction in bus fare prices.

What distinguishes a 'structural' social movement from a 'conjunctural' one?

A structural social movement is focused on long-term societal changes and aims to address deeper issues. For example, movements fighting against racism, which require ongoing efforts to change societal structures.

Can a social movement be in support of the government? Give an example.

Yes, a social movement can support the government. An example might be a movement in favor of government policies or laws that align with the interests of certain groups or societal needs.

What is the key distinction between a movement that seeks transformation and one that seeks conservation?

A movement that seeks transformation aims to change existing societal structures, while a movement that seeks conservation aims to maintain or preserve aspects of society as they are, such as advocating for the continuation of a law or policy.

Why are social movements often classified by their objectives, such as transformation or conservation?

Classifying social movements by their objectives helps to understand their purpose and the changes they aim to bring about. Transformation movements seek to change societal norms or policies, while conservation movements aim to protect or maintain the status quo.

What examples of social movements are mentioned in the video?

Examples of social movements mentioned in the video include the MST (Landless Workers Movement), MTST (Homeless Workers Movement), movements related to racism, and feminism.

What does the video say about the role of a 'pauta' (agenda) in a social movement?

The video emphasizes that a social movement must have a clear agenda or cause. Without a defined agenda, it cannot be considered a social movement. The agenda is crucial to its classification and purpose.