Sejarah Kerajaan Demak || Kerajaan Islam Tertua Di Pulau Jawa

Summary

The Kingdom of Demak, established in the early 1500s, was the first Islamic kingdom in Java. Founded by Raden Patah, a descendant of the last Majapahit king, Demak rose to prominence with the help of Walisongo, a group of nine Islamic missionaries. Demak played a crucial role in spreading Islam across the archipelago. Despite its peak under Sultan Trenggana, the kingdom fell into decline due to internal strife and external threats. Its cultural legacy includes the Masjid Agung Demak, Sokoguru pillars, and the tomb of Sunan Kalijaga, which remain symbols of its historical significance.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kingdom of Demak was the first Islamic kingdom on the island of Java, established in the early 16th century by Raden Patah.
• 😀 Raden Patah, originally from the Majapahit royal family, founded Demak with the help of the Walisongo, nine saints who spread Islam throughout Java.
• 😀 Demak was a key player in the spread of Islam across Indonesia, and its influence extended through maritime trade and military conquests.
• 😀 The Walisongo, including figures like Sunan Ampel, Sunan Bonang, and Sunan Kalijaga, played a crucial role in promoting Islam in the region.
• 😀 Raden Patah's mother, See You Banci, was of Chinese Muslim descent and helped facilitate the establishment of Islam in Java.
• 😀 After Raden Patah's death in 1518, his son Adipati Unus took over but failed to defeat the Portuguese in Malacca, leading to his death and the weakening of Demak.
• 😀 Sultan Trenggana, the third Sultan of Demak, expanded the kingdom significantly, notably by conquering Sunda Kelapa (which was renamed Jakarta) in 1527.
• 😀 Under Sultan Trenggana, Demak reached its peak, controlling important trade ports such as Surabaya, Semarang, and Jepara.
• 😀 The decline of Demak began after Sultan Trenggana's death in 1546, leading to internal conflicts and the eventual collapse of the kingdom in 1554.
• 😀 After the fall of Demak, Joko Tingkir (Hadiwijaya) moved the capital to Pajang and officially ended Demak's reign.
• 😀 Significant historical remnants from Demak include the Grand Mosque of Demak, the Sokoguru pillars, the Bledeg Door, and the tomb of Sunan Kalijaga, all of which continue to hold cultural and religious significance.

Q & A

Who was the founder of the Demak Sultanate?

The Demak Sultanate was founded by Raden Patah, who is also considered the first Sultan of Demak, ruling from 1500 to 1518 CE.

What was Raden Patah's lineage and background?

Raden Patah was a prince of Majapahit, believed to be the son of King Brawijaya V, the last ruler of Majapahit. His mother was of Chinese descent, and his grandfather was an Islamic missionary in Java.

What role did Walisongo play in the spread of Islam in Java?

Walisongo, the Nine Saints, played a critical role in spreading Islam across Java. They were Islamic missionaries who helped establish Islamic teachings and influence in the region, especially during the reign of the Demak Sultanate.

How did Raden Patah's mother contribute to his rise?

Raden Patah's mother, Subanji, was a Muslim of Chinese descent. Her background as a daughter of a prominent Chinese Muslim missionary, Tan Go Tiong, connected Raden Patah to Islamic influence, aiding his eventual rise as a ruler.

What was the significance of the Battle of Malacca for the Demak Sultanate?

The Battle of Malacca was an attempt by the Demak Sultanate, under Patih Unus, to drive out the Portuguese, who had taken control of the region. The battle, however, was lost due to technological disparities in weaponry, leading to many casualties on the Demak side.

What was the role of Sultan Trenggana in the Demak Sultanate's expansion?

Sultan Trenggana, the third Sultan of Demak, is credited with bringing the kingdom to its peak. Under his leadership, Demak successfully conquered Sunda Kelapa in 1527, renaming it Jayakarta, and expanded its influence over major trade ports in Java.

What was the outcome of the attack on Sunda Kelapa?

Sultan Trenggana's forces successfully captured Sunda Kelapa from the Pajajaran Kingdom and renamed it Jayakarta, marking a significant victory for Demak and establishing it as a powerful force in the region.

What contributed to the downfall of the Demak Sultanate?

The downfall of Demak began with the death of Sultan Trenggana in 1546. This was followed by internal conflicts and disputes over succession, with various regions and leaders rebelling, ultimately leading to the fall of Demak in 1554.

How did Joko Tingkir contribute to the fall of Demak?

Joko Tingkir, along with Ratu Kalinyamat, led a rebellion against the ruling power in Demak, which resulted in the death of Arya Panangsang. Afterward, Joko Tingkir moved the center of power to the Pajang Kingdom, marking the end of Demak's rule.

What are some notable historical relics from the Demak Sultanate?

Some of the significant relics from the Demak Sultanate include the Demak Grand Mosque, the Sokoguru (supporting pillars of the mosque), the Bledheg Door (said to be struck by lightning), and the tomb of Sunan Kalijaga, one of the Walisongo.