Geopolitik Indonesia dalam Merespon Persoalan Dunia

Summary

The video script discusses the Indonesian presidential debate focusing on defense, international relations, globalization, geopolitics, and foreign policy. It highlights the military budget fluctuations from 2019 to 2023, the controversy over the allocation of foreign loans for the submarine procurement, and the South China Sea disputes involving Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and China's Nine-Dash Line. The script also touches on the conflict between Israel and Palestine, emphasizing the aggression centered in Gaza and the West Bank, and the resulting civilian casualties and displacements.

Takeaways

• 💰 The Indonesian military budget has fluctuated between 2019 and 2023, with an increase from 115.35 trillion in 2019 to 136.87 trillion in 2020, a decrease to 125.89 trillion in 2021, and an increase to 150.3 trillion in 2022, followed by a decrease to 135.44 trillion in 2023.
• 🚀 The Indonesian government has been criticized for its handling of the military budget, particularly regarding the allocation of foreign loans for the procurement of submarines, which some argue could be misused in the lead-up to the 2024 elections.
• 🌐 The South China Sea is a contested area claimed by six nations, with overlapping claims and significant international trade routes passing through it.
• 📜 UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 1982 is an international maritime law that is recognized by many countries and governs the rights and responsibilities of nations regarding their use of the world's oceans.
• 🚧 China's 'Nine-Dash Line' is a claim over the South China Sea that is not recognized by international law, particularly UNCLOS, and has led to tensions with other nations, including Indonesia.
• 🛳️ The Natuna Sea has been a point of conflict between Indonesia and China, with China's fishing vessels entering the area without permission, leading to diplomatic disputes.
• 🏭 The South China Sea is rich in natural resources, including an estimated 900 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 213 billion barrels of oil, which has made it a focal point of contention.
• 🌍 The South China Sea is also home to one-third of the world's marine biodiversity, adding to its strategic importance.
• 🔥 The conflict between Israel and Palestine is highlighted, with Israel's military aggression focused on Gaza and the West Bank, leading to civilian casualties and displacement.
• 🏠 Over 15,000 Palestinians have been killed in the conflict, with many seeking refuge in areas that are not safe from the ongoing aggression.
• 🗳️ The topics discussed in the debate are likely to include the South China Sea disputes, military budget management, and the Israel-Palestine conflict, which are significant issues in the region.

Q & A

What are the main topics discussed in the second presidential debate?

The main topics discussed in the second presidential debate include defense, security, international relations, globalization, geopolitics, and foreign policy.

What is the issue with the Indonesian military budget from 2019 to 2023?

The issue is the fluctuation in the military budget, with increases and decreases over the years, and the significant increase in 2022 to Rp150.3 trillion, which raises questions about the allocation and management of these funds.

Why is the allocation of the foreign loan for the procurement of the 'Alat Utama Sistem Pertahanan' (Main Defense System) a concern?

The allocation of a large foreign loan for the procurement of the Main Defense System is a concern due to its size, reaching 4.25 billion dollars, and the potential for misuse, especially with the upcoming 2024 elections.

What is the significance of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982?

UNCLOS 1982 is an international law that defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine and coastal areas.

What is the 'Nine-Dash Line' and how does it relate to the South China Sea?

The 'Nine-Dash Line' is a demarcation claimed by China to represent its historical claims over the South China Sea, encompassing an area of about 2 million square kilometers, despite being challenged by UNCLOS 1982 and other nations' claims.

What is the conflict between Indonesia and China over the Natuna Sea?

The conflict arises from China's claims over the Natuna Sea, which falls within the 'Nine-Dash Line', and Indonesia's refusal to recognize this line, as it violates the UNCLOS 1982 and Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

Why is the South China Sea a contentious issue among six countries?

The South China Sea is a contentious issue due to overlapping territorial claims, rich natural resources such as oil and gas reserves, and strategic shipping routes, leading to disputes among countries like Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam, and Malaysia.

What are the resources at stake in the South China Sea?

The South China Sea is rich in resources, including an estimated 900 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 213 billion barrels of oil, making it a significant economic and strategic interest for the countries involved.

What is the conflict between Israel and Palestine, and how has it escalated?

The conflict between Israel and Palestine involves military aggression by Israel, particularly in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, with the aim of targeting Hamas, leading to civilian casualties and displacement.

How has the conflict in the Gaza Strip affected civilians?

The conflict has led to the displacement of around 15,000 Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, with hundreds killed in the ongoing aggression, highlighting the humanitarian crisis in the region.

What are the potential discussions in the upcoming presidential debate regarding these issues?

The upcoming presidential debate may discuss strategies for managing the military budget, addressing territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and formulating foreign policies to handle international conflicts such as the one between Israel and Palestine.