EP-097 丁学良：中美交流的历史性赤字 | 丁学良 | 中国经济 | 中美关系 | 布林肯 | 留学生 | 川普 | 贸易战 | 特朗普 |

Summary

The Bumingbai Podcast, hosted by Yuan Li, discusses the historical and current state of Sino-US relations with guest Ding Xueliang, an emeritus professor from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. They explore the significant decline in exchanges between the two nations, including the drop in international students and the cooling of economic ties. The conversation delves into the impact of political tensions, the role of cultural and academic exchanges, and the potential future trajectory of Sino-US relations. The podcast emphasizes the importance of understanding and fostering positive interactions between the two countries.

Takeaways

• 🇨🇳🇺🇸 The podcast discusses the historical context and current state of Sino-US relations, noting a significant downturn in recent years.
• 📚 The number of international students from the US to China has dropped sharply, with only 350 in 2022, rebounding to 700 by the end of 2023.
• 📉 Economic and trade relations between the US and China have cooled, with Mexico overtaking China as the largest source of imports for the US in 2023.
• 👎 According to Pew Research Center data, 81% of Americans hold a negative view of China, a stark increase from the 29% recorded in 2006.
• 🎬 Successful Chinese movies at the box office in recent years have been about the Korean War, reflecting ongoing tensions with the US.
• 👨‍🏫 The guest, Ding Xueliang, an emeritus professor with expertise in globalization and international competition, shares his insights on Sino-US exchanges.
• 🎓 Ding emphasizes the importance of funding social sciences for Chinese students in the US, given the significant gap in this field compared to science and technology.
• 🏛️ He recounts his experiences and observations from the 1980s, highlighting the dynamic exchanges between the US and China at that time.
• 🔍 The discussion points to the trade war initiated by the Trump administration in 2018 as a pivotal moment leading to a sharp decline in Sino-US relations.
• 🌐 The script mentions the challenges faced by students and scholars due to internet restrictions and the impact on their ability to engage in international学术交流.
• 📉 The transcript reflects a general sentiment of pessimism about the future of Sino-US exchanges and their implications for both nations.

Q & A

What significant event marked a historic deficit in Sino-US relations in 1949?

The publication of Mao Zedong's famous commentary 'Farewell, Leighton Stuart' marked a historic deficit in Sino-US relations in 1949.

When did Sino-US relations begin to thaw after the initial deficit?

Sino-US relations began to thaw with Nixon's visit to China in 1972.

What has been the trend of Sino-US relations over the past 50 years?

Over the past 50 years, Sino-US relations have experienced ups and downs, but economic, trade, academic, and cultural exchanges have not been interrupted.

How has the number of international students from the United States to China changed in recent years?

The number of international students from the United States to China dropped sharply, with only 350 in 2022, but rebounded to 700 by the end of 2023.

What was the impact of the trade war between the United States and China on Sino-US relations?

The trade war between the United States and China, which broke out in 2018, led to a sharp decline in Sino-US relations and significantly cooled economic and trade relations.

What was the percentage of Americans holding a negative view of China according to Pew Research Center data from May 1?

According to Pew Research Center data from May 1, 81% of Americans hold a negative view of China, with 43% holding a very negative view.

What is the significance of the T-shirt Ding Xueliang wore during the podcast?

The T-shirt Ding Xueliang wore was from the summer of 1988 when he was a PhD student at Harvard University, commemorating the tenth anniversary of China's reform and opening up, symbolizing a time of positive exchange between the United States and China.

What were the two main suggestions Ding Xueliang made during his discussion with the U.S. State Department regarding Chinese students in the U.S.?

Ding Xueliang suggested that the U.S. should fund social sciences for Chinese students, given the large gap in this field in China, and organize summer groups to show Chinese students the positive aspects of America, to leave a good impression of the U.S.

What was the peak period for Sino-US exchanges according to Ding Xueliang's observation?

According to Ding Xueliang's observation, the peak period for Sino-US exchanges was around 2008, 2009, and 2010, influenced significantly by the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

What is the current situation regarding the number of American students in China?

As of 2023, there are only 700 American students in China, a significant drop from the peak in 2018 when there were more than 11,000.

What are the implications of the decline in Sino-US exchanges for the future of both countries?

The decline in Sino-US exchanges could lead to a negative impression of each other among the younger generations, potentially impacting future relations and cooperation between the two countries.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Historical Reflections on Sino-US Relations

The host, Yuan Li, introduces the podcast by reflecting on the historical context of Sino-US relations, highlighting Mao Zedong's 1949 commentary as a pivotal moment. The conversation acknowledges the warming of relations following Nixon's 1972 visit and the subsequent decades of fluctuating engagement. A notable concern is the recent decline in student exchanges and trade, with 2023 marking a significant economic shift as Mexico becomes the largest importer to the US. The discussion also touches on the growing negative perceptions between the two nations, as evidenced by Pew Research data. The episode's guest, political sociologist Ding Xueliang, provides expert insights, sharing his experiences as a Harvard graduate and former American think tank worker, with a focus on his areas of research including globalization and political economy.

05:01

🎓 Ding Xueliang's Academic Journey and US-China Exchanges

This paragraph delves into Ding Xueliang's personal narrative, starting from his time as a PhD student at Harvard in 1988, to his significant contributions to US-China academic exchanges. It recounts his memorable experiences, such as receiving a T-shirt after a report at MIT and the dynamic nature of US-China relations during his first week in the US, which included invitations to seminars at Harvard and Princeton, and a discussion with a high-ranking official from the US State Department. The summary underscores the importance of funding social sciences and the living conditions of Chinese students in the US, as well as the impact of these experiences on their perceptions and subsequent contributions to bilateral relations.

10:02

🌐 The Changing Landscape of US-China Relations

The conversation captures the evolution of US-China relations, noting a peak around the 2008 Beijing Olympics due to China's aggressive outreach. It discusses the subsequent decline, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the lack of a rebound in exchanges post-pandemic. The trade war initiated by the Trump administration in 2018 is highlighted as a significant downturn, with a surge in US complaints and China's retaliatory policies. The impact of these political decisions on the academic and cultural exchanges is emphasized, reflecting a broader concern about the future of US-China relations.

15:03

📉 The Decline in US-China Educational Exchanges

This section addresses the sharp decline in the number of American students in China and the dwindling enthusiasm of young people from the US, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region for exchanges with China. It discusses the economic and practical considerations that influence these decisions, including the cost of studying abroad and the perceived benefits of such experiences. The narrative suggests that unless there is a significant improvement in China's openness and opportunities, the trend of decreasing educational exchanges is likely to continue, with lasting implications for bilateral relations.

20:05

🤝 The Challenges of Reviving US-China Exchanges

The paragraph examines the difficulties in revitalizing US-China exchanges, referencing the Trump administration's legacy of a new direction in China policy, which has been continued by the Biden administration. It raises questions about China's efforts to invite American youth for exchanges and the lack of a strong response from the US. The discussion suggests that without addressing significant barriers such as academic freedom and access to information, it will be challenging to attract American students to China.

25:08

🔍 Blinken's Suggestions for Enhancing Sino-US Relations

This section focuses on the recommendations made by US officials, particularly Antony Blinken, for improving the conditions that would facilitate学术交流 and foster a positive environment for American students in China. It discusses the possibility of incremental changes and the need for significant decisions from Beijing to address systemic issues. The conversation also contemplates the potential impact of these changes on the perceptions and future of Sino-US relations.

30:09

🏛 The Generational Impact of Sino-US Exchanges

The narrative explores the long-term consequences of the current state of Sino-US exchanges, emphasizing the importance of positive interactions between the youth of both nations. It recounts personal experiences and historical examples of individuals who played significant roles in shaping bilateral relations, highlighting the potential loss of such contributions in the future due to the decline in exchanges. The summary underscores the need for optimism and the potential for China to continue opening up to foster better relations.

35:11

🌍 Economic Interdependence and the Future of Sino-US Relations

This paragraph discusses the economic prosperity of China and its reliance on trade with the US and other Western countries. It reflects on the potential risks and challenges posed by the ongoing decoupling and the shifting of supply chains outside of China. The conversation considers the implications of these trends for China's economic growth and its ability to avoid the middle-income trap, emphasizing the importance of maintaining positive relations with developed countries.

40:12

🏙️ The Shift in International Opportunities and Concerns

The section highlights the shift of international opportunities from mainland China to places like Taiwan and Singapore, due to the changing landscape of Sino-US relations. It discusses the implications for Chinese intellectuals and businesses, the loss of Hong Kong as a bridge for understanding China, and the concerns of the middle class regarding their future, particularly in terms of education and investment opportunities abroad.

45:15

👨‍👧‍👦 The Middle Class and the Future of China's Economy

This paragraph addresses the concerns of China's middle class, particularly the challenges faced by middle- and lower-income families in ensuring a better future for their children and securing their financial assets. It discusses the impact of globalization on job opportunities and the changing economic landscape in China, as well as the aspirations of ordinary Chinese people in the face of an uncertain future.

50:16

📚 Book Recommendations on US-China Relations

The final paragraph offers a selection of book recommendations that provide insights into the history and nuances of US-China relations. The recommendations include 'The United States and China' by John King Fairbank, 'Li Shenzhi and the American Institute' by Zi Zhongyun, and 'Mao Zedong's Last Revolution'. These books are highlighted for their ability to deepen understanding of the past and present dynamics between the two nations.

Keywords

💡Sino-US relations

Sino-US relations refer to the diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties between China and the United States. The video discusses the historical context and evolution of these relations, highlighting key events such as Mao Zedong's commentary 'Farewell, Leighton Stuart' and Nixon's visit to China in 1972. The theme of the video revolves around the ups and downs of this relationship and its impact on various exchanges between the two nations.

💡Exchange programs

Exchange programs in the context of the video pertain to academic, cultural, and people-to-people interactions between China and the U.S. The script mentions a significant drop in the number of international students from the U.S. to China and vice versa, indicating a decline in these programs. These exchanges are crucial for fostering mutual understanding and goodwill between the two countries.

💡Trade war

The trade war refers to the economic conflict initiated by the Trump administration in 2018, imposing tariffs on Chinese goods and escalating tensions between the U.S. and China. The video script discusses the sharp decline in Sino-US exchanges following the trade war, indicating its detrimental effect on the relationship and highlighting the trade war as a critical juncture in recent Sino-US relations.

💡Public perception

Public perception is the general view or attitude of the public towards a particular issue or entity. The script cites data from the Pew Research Center showing an increase in negative views of China among Americans. This concept is key to understanding the sentiment and attitudes shaping the Sino-US relationship and the potential implications for future interactions.

💡Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution was a socio-political movement in China from 1966 to 1976, which had profound effects on Chinese society and its international relations. The video mentions the Cultural Revolution in the context of the experiences of the guest, Ding Xueliang, and its impact on the generation's understanding of China and the world. It serves as a historical reference point for the changes in Sino-US relations.

💡Globalization

Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence of countries worldwide through economic, social, and cultural exchanges. The script discusses the challenges of globalization to U.S.-China relations and the impact of decoupling on China's economy. Globalization is a central theme as it underpins the economic and cultural exchanges that are vital to the relationship between China and the U.S.

💡Decoupling

Decoupling refers to the deliberate separation or reduction of interdependencies between two economies, typically in trade, technology, and investment. The video script mentions decoupling in the context of the U.S. and China, indicating a strategic shift away from economic interdependence. This concept is significant as it reflects current trends and potential future scenarios in Sino-US relations.

💡Harvard University

Harvard University is a prestigious Ivy League institution in the United States. It is mentioned in the script as the place where guest Ding Xueliang received his doctorate and as a symbol of academic excellence. The reference to Harvard serves to establish the credibility of the guest's perspective and experiences in the context of Sino-US exchanges.

💡Think tank

A think tank is an organization that conducts research and provides expert advice and analysis on various subjects. The script mentions that Ding Xueliang once worked in an American think tank, which underscores his background in policy research and his insights into the complexities of international relations, particularly between the U.S. and China.

💡Political economy

Political economy is the study of the relationship between politics and economics. The video script notes that Ding Xueliang's research areas include the political economy of transformed societies, indicating the importance of understanding the interplay between political systems and economic development in the context of Sino-US relations and China's societal changes.

💡Economic prosperity

Economic prosperity refers to a state of economic growth and stability. The script discusses China's economic prosperity in the context of its trade surplus with the U.S. and Europe, highlighting the role of trade in China's economic rise. This concept is central to understanding the stakes and motivations in Sino-US economic relations.

Highlights

Mao Zedong's famous commentary 'Farewell, Leighton Stuart' marked a historic deficit in Sino-US relations in 1949.

Nixon's 1972 visit to China initiated a thaw in Sino-US relations.

Sino-US relations have experienced significant ups and downs over the past 50 years.

Economic, trade, academic, and cultural exchanges between the US and China have remained uninterrupted.

A recent historic surge in Sino-US exchanges has been observed, despite some setbacks.

The number of US international students in China dropped sharply to 350 in 2022, then rebounded to 700 by the end of 2023.

Chinese students in the US also began to decrease, affecting the academic exchange.

Mexico replaced China as the largest source of US imports in 2023, indicating a shift in trade relations.

81% of Americans hold a negative view of China according to Pew Research Center data.

China's box office hits about the Korean War reflect the ongoing tension with the US.

Political sociologist Ding Xueliang shares his insights on the current state of Sino-US relations.

Ding Xueliang's personal experiences highlight the dynamic exchanges between the US and China in the 1980s.

Ding suggests that the US should fund social sciences for Chinese students to improve Sino-US relations.

The impression of the US among Chinese students is crucial for future bilateral relations.

The decline in Sino-US exchanges and cooperation is a cause for concern.

The peak of Sino-US exchanges was around 2008, influenced by the Beijing Olympics.

The trade war in 2018 marked a significant downturn in Sino-US relations.

The Biden administration has continued Trump's China policy, indicating a lasting impact.

China's invitation for American teenagers to visit is not met with a strong response from the US.

Secretary Blinken suggests improvements for China to attract more American students.

The future of Sino-US exchanges depends on significant policy changes and mutual efforts.

Transcripts

Hello everyone, welcome to the Bumingbai Podcast. I am the host Yuan Li.

In August 1949, on the eve of the founding of the Communist Party of China,

Mao Zedong published the famous commentary "Farewell, Leighton Stuart",

marking a historic deficit in Sino-US relations.

Since then, the relationship between the two countries has It was

not until Nixon's visit to China in 1972 that the relationship between the two countries began to thaw.

Over the past 50 years, Sino-US relations have had ups and downs

, but the economic, trade, academic and cultural exchanges between the two countries have not been interrupted.

However, in recent years, Sino-US exchanges have once again experienced a historic surge. Deficit:

The number of international students from the United States to China dropped

sharply . In 2022, there were only 350. They rebounded to 700 by the end of 2023.

The number of Chinese studying in the United States also began to decrease.

The economic and trade relations between the two countries also cooled significantly.

In 2023, Mexico replaced China as the largest source of imports for the United States. Foreign

data released by the Pew Research Center on May 1 showed that

81% of Americans hold a negative view of China

, of which 43% held a very negative view of China.

In 2006, only 29% of Americans held a negative view of China. Negative views

China does not have reliable data in this regard

, but several of China’s most successful movies at the box office in recent years

are about the Korean War,

that is, movies about the war between China and the United States.

Why will the exchanges between China and the United States once again enter a historic deficit

in the future ? Will it continue to get worse?

What impact will this deficit have on the relations between the two countries and the two countries themselves?

In this issue, we invited political sociologist Ding Xueliang

to share his observations and insights.

Ding Xueliang is an emeritus professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

. In 1984, he went to study in the United States and

received his doctorate from Harvard University in 1992.

He once worked in an American think tank.

His main research areas include comparative modernization

, globalization, international competition

, public governance, the political economy of transformed societies, etc.

His major works include

"For and Against the Chinese Model" and China’s economy will rise again.

Hello, Mr. Ding. Hello

, hello. Hello. Hello. Hello

. Your dress looks very good today.

It’s very suitable for the camera.

This dress is very memorable. I was

rummaging through boxes and cabinets to find this one

for this show.

This piece of clothing was from the summer of 1988

when I was a PhD student at Harvard University.

In order to commemorate the tenth anniversary of China's reform and opening up

, the MIT student union

invited me to give a report

through the Harvard student union.

After the report was completed,

I was given this T-shirt. When I

gave the report at that time,

the enthusiasm of the audience's enthusiasm

for the development of Chinese students,

that kind of emotion that burst out immediately,

is like recalling a century ago.

This year is my 40th year

to study in the United States.

There are not many 40-year

anniversaries in life

, right,

because I remember very clearly

that it was August 29, 1984, when I left Beijing.

It was the first time in my life that I took a plane

and left China for the United States

. And I remember

August 30, which was very impressive.

After I arrived in the United States,

I received three very important invitations within

a week. I remember

how dynamic

the exchanges between the United States and China were at that time. One invitation was that Harvard University invited me to attend a seminar,

and we were

the organizers

. Everyone knows that MacFarquhar, the

world's number one authority on the Chinese Cultural Revolution, whose Chinese name is Ma Ruode, is one of my mentors

who has passed away.

He invited me to attend a seminar at Harvard.

The second invitation

came from Princeton. The person who invited me to the International Studies Center of the university

is still alive

because he is about the same age as me.

He studies the relationship between three major countries.

One is China,

the other is Soviet Russia, such as the Soviet Union, Russia

, and Japan.

He is fluent in three languages

. The language genius

asked me to attend a very important seminar at

the Princeton International Center.

So what about the third invitation?

Now that I think about it, it’s basically

like a dream.

I received an invitation from the U.S. State Department.

There is a very senior researcher in the U.S. State Department.

He represents the U.S. State Department.

It is this Debut Secretary who

invited me to Washington to have a discussion

with him. I am the Deputy Secretary of State

who came to study.

I was surprised

when I received this invitation.

He asked What are you doing?

Oh, I was very nervous at the time.

My spoken English is so broken now.

Then I went to the U.S. State Department

to talk to such a high-ranking official.

I am not a diplomat , and I received

some so-called revolutionary education in China

before I went abroad.

After going to the United States, you have to pay attention

to being influenced by the United States.

When you go abroad, you have to pay attention to spies and so on.

There is a lot of revolutionary education.

So when I went to Washington,

I was very surprised.

I brought my passport and

my student ID.

I brought all the papers with me

because I thought the State Council would be fine.

Then when I arrived at the gate of the State Council,

I was surprised that

no one checked my documents

and then asked me if I had an appointment.

I said yes. What time, what time?

I think who called me

, and then he took a piece of paper and

looked at it.

He said yes. He said you go in. He

didn’t even look at the ID and let me go to the U.S. State Department

to talk about the issue at that time. The United States is very concerned about

you, the best-educated people in China

, and you have also experienced China’s Cultural Revolution

and many movements before the Cultural Revolution

, including earth-shaking things,

because of their background to me. ) I have checked

and I know

what my situation was like when I was a child. I came from a rural area.

His question

focuses on the exchanges between the United States and China.

In addition to high-level diplomacy,

the knowledge of a young man like you From the molecular point of view,

what else can the United States do more

and get a positive response from China?

I made a lot of specific suggestions at that time,

including two suggestions.

I was studying in the United States at the time. It didn’t last long.

I just listened.

What is one thing

that resonates with me the most ? First, when you provide scholarships

to students from China,

you must pay attention to

the Chinese government-funded projects of the Ministry of Education.

They give priority to students majoring in science and engineering,

but China The government

basically doesn’t give priority

to students from the United States studying social sciences.

So if the United States wants to fund Chinese students,

it must fund social sciences.

I was talking about China’s science and technology at that time

. In fact, there is a huge gap between

China’s science and technology

and that of the United States.

The gap in China’s social sciences is even greater. If

there is no funding from the United States in this field , then the opportunity

to study social sciences and get a doctorate in the United States

is very slim in China.

This is the first important thing I mentioned.

The second important thing is what is it

now? For international students from mainland China who come to the United States,

if they are sponsored by the Chinese government,

I have heard a lot of these very negative remarks

because China was relatively poor at that time. They

paid more than 300 US dollars per month

and deducted part of the money for medical insurance.

Under this situation,

Chinese government-sponsored international students

can only live in the poorest and worst places. If these students

stayed in such an environment after

spending several years in the United States,

even if they were not affected by crime or violence,

their impression of the United States would be a mess.

Then the State Department officials would understand very well after hearing this.

He said that some of our cities in the United States

are so-called inner cities,

which are the central parts of old cities.

He said that many of our middle class have left and

are like shabby areas.

We know these situations.

But you can't let Chinese students come to the United States

with such an impression and then return to China. Their

impression of the United States will be a mess.

You can organize some groups in the summer

and don't spend too much money to get a bus.

Just take them. Go to monumental places in America

and let them see that

there are some really amazing things in America. Let them see

and let them remember.

Let them leave those impressions of America that are very worthwhile.

Except the places where they did a terrible job

are also part of America

. But that It’s not all about the United States.

At that time, I felt that I also made some realistic remarks about

the exchanges between the United States and China.

What you said really made

me sigh with emotion.

The relationship between China and the United States is very, very different

now than in the 1980s.

Hello everyone, I am Yuan Li

There are dozens of hours of careful preparation and production

behind the wonderful conversation you just heard.

This requires reading a lot of data

and taking time to communicate with the interviewees.

Only in this way can you ask good questions

and have in-depth conversations.

Bumingbai podcast will continue to be committed to

producing high-quality news content

so that Chinese people can hear profound thoughts and real emotions.

In this era of darkness and uncertainty,

we can hear a little persistence in each other’s hearts.

Please continue to support the I Don’t Understand podcast

and let us continue this business for a long time.

Listeners are welcome

to click on the donation link in our content introduction for this issue

or visit the donation page of our website

Bumingbai.net.

I would like to ask a question.

I also said in this introduction that from the data,

the exchanges and cooperation between China and the United States

are in There has been a very obvious decline in recent years.

When do you think this situation started

and what caused it?

Because before this, it had a peak.

Before this peak, there was also a twists and turns.

Just like you said, there are still ups and downs,

but The general trend is upward. When will it

reach its peak?

In my observation, it probably reached

its peak in 2008, 2009, and 2010.

Of course, those of us who study China and observe China know that

this is the most important reason

. The peak at that time was because of the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

In the years before the Olympics,

Chinese officials used all channels

, including the channels of overseas Chinese

, including the so-called old friends of the Chinese,

to expand the doors or windows of China's opening to the outside world.

Whether it’s a trail,

a front door, or a back door,

this thing left a very deep impression on me

because from 2005 to 2008,

as you know, I was

appointed by the Carnegie Foundation of the United States

to work on the project as a representative of Beijing.

It is the challenge of globalization to US-China relations.

Where is my project? You are very familiar with

it. The Friendship Hotel

receives various people from the West almost every day,

including academics, media,

diplomats, and business people. Of course

, it occasionally receives some exchange students,

so

I think it was the peak during that period.

After the peak in 2009 and 10,

there was a slow decline

, but not a sharp decline.

The real sharp decline was in the following years

. In the following years,

of course, we have to

put aside the epidemic of more than three years, because there is nothing we can do about it.

Because of the epidemic for more than three years,

people like us have lost

the right to move freely, not to mention foreigners.

Putting aside the fact that

it had been declining significantly for more than three years

before the epidemic , one of our hopes

was that after the strict epidemic prevention was lifted,

just like China's economy, many people were hoping

for a rebound and recovery.

So now it obviously looks like

China's economy has not risen as sharply as people expected

after the epidemic prevention and control was lifted,

and the exchanges between the United States and China

have not shown this momentum.

This is a very regretful thing.

You said you want to ask from When did it start

? According to my observation , it has been declining continuously

since 2010.

And this continuous decline soon

reached an extremely serious critical point

, that is, in 2018,

the trade war between the United States and China broke out

. It suddenly dropped sharply. Before this, China

already had many policies

, but the United States came out with these policies under Trump. The treatment

was dramatic, and communication

suddenly entered winter.

This is a result of the joint efforts of the decision-makers of both sides,

isn't it? Because before Trump started the trade war,

the United States had a lot of complaints about China.

We all know this

, but most of those complaints came from

the education and academic circles, and a small number came from

the media. Of course, the media complained the most,

but At that time, U.S. government officials also complained

, but their complaints at that time

were based on the expectation

that their complaints would elicit a positive response from Chinese officials,

and then the complaints from China would be eliminated.

Those measures, practices

, or rules and regulations that

are not conducive to exchanges between the two sides

. After Trump started the trade war in 2018, the dissatisfaction, resentment , and complaints

from the United States that had been accumulated for many years

exploded out. What

impressed me very deeply was that when the two sides were quarreling

, for example, Chinese diplomats in the United States,

whether in Washington or in several other cities,

had to leave their offices in the city center

within a few miles, which was OK (ok)

but beyond. If you go beyond those miles, you must report it first,

and then China will be very angry. Officials

think that this is very detrimental to the activities of Chinese diplomats in the United States.

Then American officials will say

that China has been doing this to us for decades.

In fact, The U.S. has

begun to treat these things as equals, right, and

demands reciprocity. But in the past,

when the U.S. was too embarrassed to say this, Trump

slowly started to say all the things he had said before.

Then this relationship will no longer work

, and what I said before about the United States

, because what we are talking about today is that we are the United States and China

. In fact, it is not only the United States,

but also Europe, including the Asia-Pacific region, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and South Korea.

They also have similar complaints.

China probably started from In 2015,

maybe this website started in 2014.

Basically, the outside world saw

what we talk about decoupling. Decoupling refers to

the decoupling of economy, trade and technology

. But on the Internet, this decoupling

is far ahead of the post-economic, trade and technology.

This also makes it

very, very difficult

for students, scholars, etc.

from the United States, Europe,

or the outside world in the Asia-Pacific region to get used to it after arriving in mainland China,

because it has nothing to do with outside friends or relatives. connect

It becomes basically impossible

, so these complaints

have erupted like a volcano

in 2018.

Chinese decision-makers expressed their hope to strengthen exchanges between the two sides

and expressed their willingness to invite 50,000

American teenagers in the next five years.

Go to China for exchange and study . However, there will still be only 700

American students in China in 2023.

In 2018, this number was still more than 11,000.

Do you think this is why there has been a sudden drop in the number of American students willing to come to China?

We all know that in In the United States,

you ask those American youths, whether they are Asian or non-Asian,

no matter which ethnic group they are,

to make them spend so much energy and time to come to China.

Even if they receive part of the funding

, they still have to have additional funds. In addition to the cost of his own

time, why did he come to China

? Either he is very positive about you emotionally, likes you here

, or is even fascinated.

There is another reason that is more important than this reason,

which is his own studies

and employment after studies. Is it an important investment

? If China's economy becomes better and better

and more open to the outside world

, then the economic, technological, and cultural channels between the United States and

China will become wider and wider in the future . Then these young people will come to China.

I don’t think people who come here to study and exchange are

the kind of tourists who

come for a week or two and then leave. I think they come to China for at least a semester

or even an academic year or even two or three years.

Why do they invest so much?

Either there is hope in the future, that is,

because he has made such an investment in China

, he will be rewarded for the growth of his young people.

But since 2016,

what I have met is the United States, Canada, Australia, and

Europe. Young people

, I say, young people from the age group of 20 to 35

are increasingly less optimistic about the return on their investment in China. This

is because American students and young people want to come to China

unless their family’s economic situation is very good

and these young people The person himself is also willing to invest his financial resources

in exchanges in China.

Otherwise, he will have to obtain a lot of funding from outside the family.

We all know that in the United States, there are many foundations in the United States and

exchange scholarships in good universities in the United States. Scholarship)

This fellowship is this scholarship,

what is it, Program (project), there are many

, but the United States does not only deal with China,

it deals with so many countries,

why is it able to sponsor (fund)

if it is not related to it? Provide funds to support these young people

, and it is not just a small number,

and it is not a short-term but medium- to long-term support for them to come to China.

There must be a strong driving force behind

this. At least part of this strong driving force is political. I have a positive expectation

that China is not my enemy.

We sponsor our young people from the United States to come to China

for the sake of future friendly cooperation.

In recent years, this positive attitude has been

basically wiped out. Isn’t this the case? You didn’t

see it at all. There was an article in the New York Times today.

The author is an associate professor at Princeton University.

He just said something above. He said that in the United States, especially in Washington,

as long as you add Chinese in front of anything you say,

the other party will immediately speak. It makes me very nervous

. There is so much negativity in politics

. These problems are definitely not entirely attributed to

Trump alone. It is not like this.

Trump’s contribution in this regard is definitely not attributed to him.

There are many American mainstream media analyzing

what positive or negative things they have done in the past four years.

There is one sentence that impressed me so deeply.

If Trump still leaves a legacy

that will not be abandoned by future generations,

there is only one sentence. That is, he has adopted

a different policy towards China than before.

This may be the most important legacy he left behind.

We can see clearly now that the

Biden administration has actually inherited the Trump administration’s China policy

. The direction is the same

, and now China policy is

the easiest issue for the two parties in Congress to reach consensus.

I would also like to ask you about the Chinese decision-makers who want to invite 50,000 Americans to China.

This reminds me of China in 1984.

Inviting 3,000 Japanese youths to visit China.

At that time, we all watched a lot of news footage on TV.

It was very, very enthusiastic.

You can say that it was the most eager era for China to develop relations with the world.

I would like to ask this decision-making team. Now they suddenly hope The two sides have strengthened exchanges

, but why does it seem that the United States has not responded strongly to this call?

This is something we pay close attention to

and need to collect enough information to explain why this is the case.

In my observation, it is because

China has now proposed a formal One of the goals

proposed

is that 10,000 American students will come here every year in five years.

But Blinken said it when he visited China not long ago.

If you really want more American young people to come to China,

you should In what aspects should you consider

improving China's current practices, regulations

, or specific obstacles

? If you don't solve these problems, if

you just put forward a goal, there is nothing you can do.

We all know that the United States is different from China.

If it is the United States. It is proposed that

in the next five years, not 50,150,000

Chinese students will be welcomed to the United States.

Even if Chinese students are not willing to come to

the United States , as long as a group of political party organizations in China arranges it,

it will be solved immediately.

However, American students, the United States government, and

this American university Fortunately,

it can't make American students do things

they don't want to do.

This is the crux of the problem.

It's what Blinken said.

You must think about why they are unwilling to come. Let

me talk about what Blinken said at the time. What's happening

is that in April

he said that if China wants to attract more Americans to come,

his best way is to create conditions

that allow academic activities to develop and progress anywhere,

to discuss ideas freely and openly,

to have access to a wide range of information, and to facilitate travel.

Confident

in the safety and security and privacy of participants,

I would like to ask

if you think it is possible for Beijing to make these changes.

There are no significant signs yet

that they are going to make these changes.

I think small changes are possible,

but on a large scale. To make this change,

it must be

the central government in Beijing and an extremely important decision can be made.

Otherwise, no local government

can change this situation. It is impossible.

This is a national institutional problem.

Of course, we will know that

China Whether it is a teaching institution,

a foreign exchange institution, a cultural institution,

a science and technology institution,

or even a religion, art, etc.,

if the highest level of China proposes a goal,

they will definitely try their best to achieve it. The numbers are filled up

, but I don’t care

whether there is any actual effect.

You have to know that in China

, only the highest level proposes a numerical goal.

This numerical goal can always be exceeded , but in fact,

I don’t care whether it really has such an effect.

You don’t have this kind of confidence.

Are you willing to look ahead to

the best and worst possibilities for Sino-US exchanges in the next five or ten years? And

what impact will they have on Sino-US relations

and the two countries themselves?

This is A very, very, very important, profound

or meaningful issue.

We are now looking at it in the current time frame.

If China can

implement what Blinken said during his visit to China

in the second half of this year or within the next year and a half.

Solve the problems that are relatively easy to solve first among obstacles.

For example, can we allow students from the United States to build

facilities after they

come to China , or the reading rooms they use

, or the Facilities and equipment they use, etc.

Just like some very important companies

and manufacturers in China and foreign-funded manufacturers

can I think this can be done

smoothly through external networks.

For example, every university, especially important universities,

will approve a conference room if dozens of American students come to

exchange students.

They have to communicate with the outside world

in a room.

They

only allow them to communicate here. After all, you still have to show that you have this understanding or support. I would like to say

that the obstacles that will be raised by Blinken

in the second half of this year or next year

are to identify three first. There are three basic solutions that are relatively easy to solve.

Then your sincerity comes out because

most of the young people

in the United States who have been in the United States are relatively open.

If they have heard anything

or read anything negative about China

before, If

he had not encountered this kind of reality when he came to China,

they would have quickly changed their previous negative impression

. They were afraid that when they went to China,

they would find that it was worse than what they heard outside, and

the people behind would not come over,

right? You're right.

I've been telling you that in the United States,

there is no institution that can force American students to do things they don't want to do.

Another example

is that the Chinese website includes those about China overseas.

The United States is now unfriendly to international students from China.

Then What about visa rejections, etc.

For your program, I went to consult

someone who specializes in this exchange. Statistics said

that last year, the number of mainland Chinese students who were denied visas in the United States

was 1 in 4,250 . That is 1 in 4,250

that was obtained by the United States last year.

The proportion of Chinese students who have visas

but are refused entry when entering the country

is one in 4,250,

which is actually a very small

proportion.

So if you talk about reciprocity,

the conditions in

China are not as good as those in the United States in many aspects, but

you just can't fully Equivalent

, but your gap cannot be too big.

When I came to the United States to study from China,

many conditions in China were very poor, very poor, very poor.

But at that time, whether you were people like us who went abroad to

introduce China to foreigners

, or When people from abroad come to China,

they have very optimistic expectations.

We are sincere.

We do not go to foreign countries to confuse foreigners.

We all know that

there are many problems in China today

, but China today is much more open than yesterday and the day before yesterday.

China will definitely be more open tomorrow and the day after tomorrow. Do

you really think so? Is it true

that China will be more open tomorrow and the day after tomorrow?

That was

when I came to the United States to study in 1984.

I had this confidence. Did

you think so before

? Do you still have the confidence now?

No,

I can't do anything now.

I can't do anything now.

Just say that

today's China is better than yesterday. The day before yesterday

, it's a big deal. The epidemic may be better than last year.

I can't think of other aspects of

epidemic prevention and control.

You ask this question. What kind of consequences will it cause in the future?

I think the consequences will be very, very, very

high, and the cost will be very, very high.

Because when I read or do research and the professor summarized it,

we all know

that it happened in the US-China exchanges after 1972.

Once you understand their backgrounds,

you will be very surprised to find out about

the Americans who played a very important role.

In Boston,

I often found that

people took the initiative to come to us, international students from the mainland,

and ask about where my parents

were in China before 1949. What are China doing?

Some people say

what my grandparents are doing in China.

You know how much influence this family has on future generations.

I gave a lot of examples of people,

such as Blumenthal , who played a very important role

in the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and China.

Lumenthal, Secretary of Commerce,

is so good to China

. Why is it

because he is an American Jew ?

Why is George W. Bush so friendly to China ? Why

did George W. Bush have his family go to Beijing to watch and support you

during the 2008 Olympics

? It’s because George W. Bush is in his father’s home. When Bush Sr. was in Beijing,

Bush Jr. had a very happy time in Beijing

, and he often said that

the whole family rode this bike

everywhere and it was

very open (open).

This was a very friendly China.

At that time, China was poor and backward

, but people left behind a very beautiful legacy.

Americans have no natural prejudice against China. Even

if there is very little prejudice,

you can imagine that in the next 10 years,

we don’t know

if there is no improvement within 10 years,

there will not be enough young people in the United States

within this 10 years. After coming to China

for a long enough time,

I will tell you

that the impression left by

the entire generation of American young people

on China

is a negative impression. Does

n’t China now have a term?

Where is it fixed in

your understanding of China?

To understand and judge

, it is always negative.

Let me just say

that China's current view of the United States

is also negative.

If you look at social media,

no matter what happens,

the responsibility

lies with the United States anyway. Even if it

has nothing to do with China and the United States, In the end, the problem

can be said

to be because of what happened to the United States in the future.

In fact, Chinese people and the Chinese Internet have

very, very negative views of the United States.

Although we have no particularly clear and

reliable data to confirm this,

if you think this is the case,

right? What kind of impact will China itself have?

We all know that China's Internet

is extremely strictly controlled.

We don't care about

the information, pictures,

or whatever (whatever else) that can stay

on China's Internet for several hours. Whether it expresses

how bad it is or

whether it has not been 404ed or deleted,

it means there is nothing wrong with it.

You only rely on China’s Internet to judge

whether this is the true mentality of the Chinese people towards the United States.

It is easy to be misled.

The real thing

Among the Chinese people, there are only a few

people who have so much hatred for the United States.

I have actually never done such a poll.

I just rely on

my experience as a Chinese.

I have been working with China’s education , media, culture, and technology

for decades. When dealing with the world of economics,

I can safely say that

this does not mean that we

do not criticize the United States, we do not criticize its policies,

and we do not criticize the bad things in some American societies.

Like me,

I am most critical of the United States because of

the violence caused by

the proliferation of guns in the United States.

Crime , I would describe this as the first major social problem

in the United States on almost any occasion

, but this does not affect my

positive evaluation of other aspects of the United States

, and I believe

that as long as this American young man comes to China,

it will be reversed.

The extremely negative and even hateful influence

they get from China's Internet

is very bad and

absolutely cannot be done. This situation

must not be allowed

, but we cannot underestimate

the CCP's hateful education

on the Internet. There is such

an overwhelming sentiment of hatred against the United States.

The movie "Changjin Lake" with the highest box office in China right now

is about the war between China and the United States.

We have to deny that

this is obvious.

You are not saying that it is from a minority.

I think it is. It's a pretty common sentiment

because you said that when Americans come to China,

they have access to people

, but China's Internet environment is

a closed information environment,

and what

it can accept is hatred.

The fact that there is no way to change

this does not mean that the people are not good

or anything.

In such an environment,

it is difficult for many people to distinguish between what is true

and what is false.

You see, I have an experience in this

regard . As a reference

, after 72 years

when Mao Zedong was still alive,

a very small number of

exchange students

from North America, including Canada and the United States,

came to China not to get degrees

. At that time, Chinese society

was full of places. Overthrow U.S. imperialism,

overthrow Soviet revisionism, and

overthrow. Reactionaries in various countries

shout revolutionary slogans every day,

get up every morning, and

do gymnastics.

But

the North American students

who came to the United States in the early days that

I came into contact with

privately talked about

the Chinese youth

they misremembered at that time. People

are full of curiosity about the United States

and

have even expressed

their hope that one day

, just like you can come to China,

we hope that we can also come to the United States to

see you. Let us talk about it, it is

economic. This kind of economic and trade relationship

is that developed countries including the United States

are accelerating their decoupling from China

, or to put it more nicely, they are de-risking.

They are transferring the supply chain

outside of China.

The foreign direct investment in China in 2023

will be 90%. The lowest since the 1990s.

Many Chinese people are worried about this, especially

in coastal and large and medium-sized cities.

The first question I want to ask

is to what extent has China’s economic prosperity

in the past few decades benefited from China and the United States

? Economic and trade exchanges between China and Western developed countries.

As long as Chinese economists

are realistic and realistic,

you can see a lot of statistical data

during the US-China trade war

from 2018 to 2022,

which is from China’s reform and opening up in 1978. From the beginning of the year

to 2018, during this long period,

the largest source of China’s trade surplus from exports

was the United States, and the second was Europe.

In other words,

these two made money from hard currency. It is the largest source.

No one who is realistic will deny this.

Of course, China has experienced a lot of foreign exchange.

What has it done with the Belt and Road Initiative

and helped very poor countries? That

is another matter.

What can you get

from those countries?

With a lot of raw materials, you can

sell the mid-range, mid-range and lower-end products produced in China

, which can more or less solve some employment problems in China

. But for China,

we need to move up from the current middle-income level and move

out of the middle-income level.

You absolutely cannot step into the income trap.

If your relationship with the United States becomes worse and worse

, and then your relationship with Europe becomes worse and worse,

because although the United States has repeatedly emphasized that it is not buying

, it is in very core areas.

You are less and less allowed to enjoy the previous treatment

. Although Europe has not reached the same level as the United States

, Europe is slowly making progress in these aspects.

We can imagine

that Korea and Japan used to

quarrel with each other every once in a while because of historical issues

. It is clear

that in the past two years,

even South Korea and Japan have been constantly discussing

which areas

they should increase cooperation

in the next step . Why is the potential threat coming from China?

If you think about it,

China has so many important trading rivals.

Australia,

New Zealand, you also know this AUKUS.

Now South Korea and Japan are going to join AUKUS

as the second echelon.

It is not the first echelon.

This does not mean that you are just having trouble with the United States.

So if you look at the past few decades

or even the past year, For

over a hundred years ,

the most important foreign relationship for China

has been the United States.

As long as China has a good relationship with the United States,

its relations with other developed countries will not be that bad.

As long as China has a very bad relationship with the United States,

The relationship with other developed countries will not get any worse

because China has deep-seated reasons.

This is what worries me.

I can’t see the support of improved experience now.

I can’t see

the U.S.-China relationship.

I can only see it now. What the two sides

can do now

is to prevent this relationship from

brewing into a situation where armed conflict is relatively high.

The two sides seem to have some consensus. There is basically no consensus on

other major issues. If our generation did not have

the US-China relations after 1972, Without

the improvement of

the reform and opening up in 1978,

our whole life was ruined.

It was ruined.

Yes,

half of our teenage years were ruined.

Later, it was repaired

and we had a second chance

and a third chance.

We could not go to school. I had to go to the countryside for re-education

. Then

I went to the United States

with a scholarship to study.

At that time, China’s policy prohibited those of us who have obtained a master’s degree

in China

from studying abroad at our own expense.

In fact, how can we study abroad at our own expense?

We don’t have any money either

. All the money like mine

comes from foundations or universities

in the United States.

Why should it support you?

Does it owe you? If it

doesn’t have an optimistic understanding

of China’s exchanges,

why should it support you with this money

? China If

students come to study

, let me ask you another question

: the current decoupling

or the cooling

trend of Sino-US relations

or Sino-US exchanges

is becoming less and less optimistic.

This trend

is getting worse and worse . The

slippery slope

is

becoming more and more slippery.

Are you worried about this situation

in mainland China

and

Hong Kong

?

That's what I'm talking about. Worry

, worry, anxiety.

In

an informal setting,

it's a little informal.

What I'm talking about is not a secret.

In a slightly informal setting,

this is a very common sentiment.

It is a very common sentiment

, and you can see clearly

that in these years,

who said that the United States and China were on

a downward slope, those resources

that originally belonged to

the interaction between mainland China Good

opportunities,

great benefits,

great losses .

Where have some of them gone?

The number one gainer and

gainer are Taiwan,

second and Singapore.

Why

do we have these two places

? After all, they still belong to the Chinese society.

You see , you know better than me

over the years.

That is the most important international media.

The original bureau

was in mainland China. It turned

out

to be

in Hong Kong.

There was no way to stay. It

’s not that we didn’t want to stay in China

.

Then there were so many schools

, including middle schools

, including conservatories

and dances. The Academy of Fine Arts

, including those famous universities, has

fewer

and fewer

exchange programs with China.

And I also know

that

the United States cannot completely

ignore China's affairs

because China must be the second largest economy.

After all, China still

has a great influence on the world situation,

so you can clearly see now that

their more and more exchange projects,

including school exchange projects,

are now moved to Taiwan

and Singapore,

relying on information from these two places.

To make up for the fact

that they cannot be in mainland China

, it turns out that you know better than me.

Three years ago,

Hong Kong was the best showcase for understanding mainland China,

whether it was to study China

, invest in China

, report on China

, or communicate with others.

Now there are no such opportunities in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is

the best window to understand mainland China.

This has been more than a hundred years ago.

Even in Mao's era, it was like this.

Now there is no way to stay in Hong Kong.

As for Chinese intellectuals,

what will your relationship with the outside world be in the future?

After contact ,

where are

the channels to the outside world? You

are doing business with Africa.

You have too many raw materials, and their value to you

is not that big. The market is

not that big

, and they cannot allow you to improve your overall level.

To improve your overall level,

your largest source in the world is the United States, your

second largest source is Europe,

and your third largest source is Asia-Pacific.

First, take a look at these three

sources . None of them are directly connected to you. Which channel

is open now

, and it will be better tomorrow than today. No one in Changtong

dares to say this.

No one has the confidence.

Then I would like to ask,

what is the reaction of the people you come into contact

with, especially business people?

What should they do?

Because now we have also seen that China

Even if you have money, you

are very worried.

For example, in mainland China,

in the past 40 years, many coastal

and even inland cities

have been lifted out of poverty

, and a considerable number of them

have become the real middle class.

At this stage,

their families are most concerned about

The first is to ask his children to study abroad.

The second is that if he has more money,

he will consider

buying a house in the United States or North America, whether it is

a deposit or an investment.

This can be said about China's population of 1.4 billion. Among the 400 million people who

are now considered

to be middle class, at least 100 million people

in the middle have such an expectation

. They may not necessarily have the ability to get there immediately

, but at least 100 million people have such an expectation. Do

you want to I want to see

it. First of all, the relationship between the United States and China is getting worse and worse.

I am often asked

what it would be like to apply for an American university. What would

it be like to apply for an American graduate

school? I have to tell them the truth.

I said we went there 40 years ago. When we went to the United States,

there were no majors

that we couldn’t apply for

when we studied in mainland China.

In fact, you may not be able to get in, but

that’s different now.

There are also people like us who were in the United States before

. If we stay in the United States ,

It’s not that difficult.

Now you don’t have the confidence.

Then there are Chinese people who want to invest

their property overseas

. Look, I know so many middle-aged people aged 35 to 50 who are

quite successful in their businesses

and trade

. The biggest issue we are considering now is how to send the children and assets.

The children are the biggest assets.

The second is how to send

the financial assets.

Where will

they be sent?

Will they be sent to North Korea? Will they be sent to Russia?

Will they be sent ? Iran?

Will he send it to Syria?

The first choice

is

North America

, Western Europe

, and then Australia, New Zealand,

Japan,

and yes,

China

. People in China are very clear about this sentence.

As long as you have Chinese money at home,

everyone knows

where to look.

Why is this so

? Why? There is a price to

pay for

the safety process

, but as long as the children and assets are moved out,

in the future

they will be protected, right?

This

is called insurance.

This is a very real problem .

I just want to ask you a

very real question

, that is, the number of people who can study abroad

and have the money to move abroad

is still very small among Chinese people, right?

What can ordinary Chinese people do

when faced with the current situation

? There are not many channels

to study abroad

and buy a house

or property.

How should we look at this matter

? It’s just like

basic people

like us . We are more or less

families

with relatively good conditions. According to what I have heard

or the more information I have heard,

the middle- and low-income families

in mainland China

are living day

by day

, because soon

families like these

will encounter

the largest family in China

in ten to fifteen years. One of the fundamental problems

is their pension.

In ten to fifteen years,

except for a few families,

the only children of most middle- and lower-income families

will have reached the age of forty or fifty,

and then the elders above them will

Pensions and pensions

are very, very inadequate.

Then their children have poor employment prospects. Even if they find a job, their

income

is

limited

.

This is very realistic.

Like before,

because our Hong Kong

is close to Guangdong

and close to this coastal area,

people over the age of 45 talk about it every day

. So in the past,

we We all know

that as long as you can endure hardship

, as long as you are not too stupid,

your tomorrow will be better than this year,

and you will definitely make more money next year

. I have rarely encountered

people who have said this

in recent years.

I have rarely encountered people who say this. If

you look at the way they spend money,

it is very realistic.

We are talking about

disposable income.

You can see that

when I was in this coastal place before,

because he had great expectations for the future,

whether he was eating, drinking, entertaining friends or

wearing clothes

You can tell by looking at

weekend

trips, festivals

and other travels, shopping in Hong Kong, etc.

So when you look at them,

I feel envious of them.

I said that you are really catching up with the good times.

I said that you have lived so well in your thirties and

forties . In those days,

when we were studying in the United States, and

when we got our PhDs,

our income in the United States

was not as generous as yours now.

Of course, in recent years,

you can’t see this kind of luxury.

Basically, you can’t see it.

Yes

, it’s

most of them. No one

knows

what will happen tomorrow, the day after tomorrow

, and the day after tomorrow. Economically speaking,

I think these people are not talking about

oh, he has some great dreams.

I am talking about

ordinary people

, people who live their lives.

Well

, people who live their

lives like that, most people. They all think about living their lives

, yes, yes,

oh, really.

In fact,

even people who live their lives

may actually think that

the topic of Sino-US relations is actually very far away from them

, but it is actually very, very closely

related

to their lives.

Think about it.

Why are the children born in middle- and lower-income families

in the past few decades

able to get out of poverty as long as they

accomplish one of three things

?

The first one

is that they

don’t need to be top

if they get admitted to a better school.

Then the second

major is more suitable

, such as mechanical processing,

etc. It is because China

has taken the road of globalization

that there are so many job opportunities.

If he has not been admitted to a better

school, The school

did not get a better degree.

If

he worked hard and went to the coast

to open a small restaurant

or a small shop

, or work as a taxi driver

or

do some other service work,

he could get out of poverty

and take care of his family. The people who

moved from relatively poor rural areas

to the mass cities along the coast

have also made a comeback.

If China had not had so many opportunities

during globalization,

it would be hard to say

that the water

would not flow to them.

Now the water is getting dryer and drier

. Not

at all , but

there

are still less

and less.

Look

, as long as you go to the big cities

in mainland China,

you can see that the shopping malls are

deserted.

Then look at the restaurants,

which are very

lively. It's really

a good

occasion to make a fuss.

Then we ask each guest to recommend three books

or movies.

What do you recommend? As

someone who has read so many books,

you must have a lot to recommend.

Thank you very much for letting me recommend books

to us. I have been reading all my life

. Oh,

what our audience also likes the most is this section.

You said that

it basically

only influenced

the understanding of China for generations in the United States

. "The United States and China" written by King Fairbank,

this is also

a must-read for me as a teaching assistant at Harvard University.

And the Chinese translation of this book ,

but I don’t know if I can buy it now.

The Chinese translation is the fourth edition

of World Knowledge Press.

After reading this book, you will know

what the past exchanges between the United States and China

were like over the past few centuries.

Anyone who can read English

or Chinese can also

have a traditional Chinese version.

This is the first book I recommend.

The second book I recommend

is also made in the United States and

run by a Chinese-American company called

Yijia Publishing

One Two Three Four One Traditional

Chinese. "Li Shenzhi and the American Institute"

was published by Jia Yijia

in Jialingjiang. The American Institute of

the Chinese

Academy of Social Sciences

was the director of the American Institute

before I went abroad. He was

also my personal acquaintance

and a good friend of my mentor.

This book is a memory

that tells What you

are telling you is

how this group of people has promoted

mutual understanding , mutual respect

and mutual cooperation

between China and the United States

since the 1970s.

Although it is not very academic

, these details are very touching.

I think This

was done in the United States

because

these books can no longer be published

in mainland China . Li Shenzhi and the United States.

Li Shenzhi and the United States

are good.

I have read that Zi Zhongyun

wrote a memoir

in which he wrote a lot. Li Shenzhi is

a very interesting person. The charm

is just

because he was recommended by Li Shenzhi

as his successor.

Isn't this Zizhongyun?

Li Shenzhi wrote a lot about him,

and the third book

was

the last one

I mentioned

at the beginning of

Ma Ruode's

life

, which had the greatest impact. A book

" Mao Zedong's Last Revolution"

has

an English version

published by Harvard University

and a traditional Chinese version.

Mine is the simplified version. The translations of

the traditional version and the simplified version

are basically the same.

After reading this book, you will know

what kind of huge damage China's

complete isolation

from the outside world during

the Cultural Revolution for ten years

has brought to China.

Because our

country The book itself is

the first one that does not have this book.

When we were

teaching assistants

, we

needed to find some materials to translate

temporarily. After many times

of screening

, we

finally got this masterpiece.

It

is very good

and

wonderful

. Thank

you, Teacher Ding

. Thank you. Everyone, please tune in

and see you next time