Syarat Sah, Wajib dan Rukun Puasa

Summary

In this lecture, the speaker provides an in-depth explanation of the conditions and requirements for fasting in Islam. The key conditions for fasting to be valid include being Muslim, having the ability to distinguish right from wrong (mentally sound), being free from menstruation or postpartum bleeding, and knowing the allowed times for fasting. Additionally, the speaker outlines the requirements for fasting to be obligatory, including health, strength, and being settled in one place. The pillars of fasting, such as intention, abstaining from actions that break the fast, and performing the fast oneself, are also discussed. The lecture concludes with a prayer for the acceptance of all actions by Allah.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fasting is only valid for a Muslim who has the ability to distinguish between right and wrong.
• 😀 Children under the age of 7 are not required to fast, but they can practice fasting as a form of training.
• 😀 A woman who is menstruating or experiencing postpartum bleeding (nifas) is not permitted to fast, but must make up the missed fast later.
• 😀 Fasting is prohibited on certain days, including Eid al-Fitr (1st of Shawwal), Eid al-Adha (10th of Dhu al-Hijjah), and the 3 days of Tashreeq (11th-13th of Dhu al-Hijjah).
• 😀 The person fasting must be healthy and not suffer from a sickness that could worsen from fasting.
• 😀 Fasting is obligatory only for someone who is able and capable, both physically and mentally.
• 😀 The individual must be a resident (mukim) and not be traveling a distance of more than 90 km.
• 😀 An important condition for fasting is knowing the appropriate times for fasting, and the days when fasting is prohibited.
• 😀 The intention (niyyah) to fast must be made each night before the day of fasting.
• 😀 The fast is broken if a person eats, drinks, or engages in activities that invalidate fasting, and one must refrain from these things during the fasting hours.
• 😀 Each person is individually responsible for their fast, and it cannot be carried out by another person on their behalf.

Q & A

What is the first condition for the validity of fasting in Islam?

The first condition is being Muslim. Fasting is only valid for a Muslim, and non-Muslims or apostates are not required to fast or have their fasts accepted.

Can a non-Muslim's fast be valid according to Islamic law?

No, a non-Muslim’s fast is not valid in Islam. Fasting is an act of worship that is exclusive to Muslims.

What does 'mumayiz' mean in the context of fasting?

'Mumayiz' refers to a child who has reached the age of understanding, typically around 7 years old, and can differentiate between right and wrong. They are expected to practice fasting as a training, although it's not obligatory until they reach maturity.

At what age is a child considered to be 'baligh' and obligated to fast?

A child is considered 'baligh' and obligated to fast when they reach the age of 15. However, if a boy experiences a wet dream or a girl has her first menstruation before reaching 15, they are considered to have reached maturity and are required to fast.

What happens if a woman is menstruating or experiencing postnatal bleeding during Ramadan?

A woman who is menstruating or experiencing postnatal bleeding (nifas) cannot fast. However, she must make up the missed fasts (Qada) once her bleeding stops.

How many days in a year is fasting prohibited, and which days are they?

There are five days in the year when fasting is prohibited: Eid al-Fitr (1st Shawwal), Eid al-Adha (10th Zulhijah), and the three days of Tashriq (11th, 12th, and 13th Zulhijah).

What is the meaning of 'mukim' in relation to fasting?

'Mukim' means being a resident or not traveling. A person who is traveling beyond 90 km is exempt from fasting during Ramadan.

What is the first pillar (rukun) of fasting in Ramadan?

The first pillar of fasting is 'niyat' or intention. The individual must make the intention to fast the next day before dawn every night during Ramadan.

What actions must a person avoid during fasting to ensure the fast is valid?

A person must avoid actions that invalidate the fast, such as eating, drinking, and any other actions that break the fast during the daylight hours of Ramadan.

Is fasting an individual or collective obligation in Islam?

Fasting is an individual obligation in Islam. Each person must fast on their own, and it is not a collective act. The individual must personally observe the fast.