Vascularização Arterial da Cabeça e do Pescoço. PARTE 1

Summary

In this lecture by Marcelo Rossi, a professor at UFAM and expert in oral health, the arterial supply to the head and neck is discussed in depth. The aorta, with its branches such as the brachiocephalic trunk and common carotid and subclavian arteries, is explained as the main source of blood flow to these regions. The subclavian artery is explored, highlighting its vertebral and thyroid branches, while the common carotid artery's bifurcation into the internal and external carotid arteries is described. Special attention is given to the internal carotid's role in supplying the brain, including the formation of the Circle of Willis, which ensures robust circulation to the brain.

Takeaways

• 😀 The instructor, Marcelo Rossi, is a professor at UFAM in the Dentistry course and holds a master's and doctorate in Morphological Sciences.
• 😀 The goal of the lesson is to describe the trajectory and branches of the arteries that supply blood to the head and neck.
• 😀 The aorta is the main artery from which the branches supplying the head and neck arise, with its ascending part, the aortic arch, and the descending part.
• 😀 The brachiocephalic trunk on the right side divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.
• 😀 On the left side, the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery branch directly from the aortic arch, without a brachiocephalic trunk.
• 😀 The subclavian artery passes under the clavicle, supplying the upper limbs and forming branches for the head and neck, including the vertebral artery and the thyrocervical trunk.
• 😀 The vertebral artery, arising from the subclavian artery, ascends through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae, and enters the skull to supply the posterior part of the brain.
• 😀 The thyrocervical trunk branches to supply the thyroid gland and muscles of the neck.
• 😀 The common carotid artery, which is the main artery supplying the head and neck, ascends alongside the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve in a deep compartment of the neck.
• 😀 The common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries around the level of the thyroid cartilage, with the internal carotid artery supplying the brain and the external carotid artery branching to various structures in the head and neck.

Q & A

What is the primary objective of this lecture on arterial vascularization?

The primary objective is to describe the path and branches of the arteries that supply the head and neck.

What are the main branches of the aorta that supply the head and neck regions?

The aorta has three main branches that supply the head and neck: the brachiocephalic trunk (on the right side), and the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery (which arise separately from the aortic arch).

What is the function of the brachiocephalic trunk?

The brachiocephalic trunk divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery, which supply the right side of the head and neck.

How do the right and left subclavian arteries differ in their origin?

On the right side, the subclavian artery originates from the brachiocephalic trunk, while on the left side, the subclavian artery originates directly from the aortic arch.

What is the role of the vertebral artery?

The vertebral artery, a branch of the subclavian artery, ascends through the cervical vertebrae, enters the skull, and supplies the posterior part of the brain.

What does the thyrocervical trunk supply?

The thyrocervical trunk, a branch of the subclavian artery, supplies the thyroid gland and muscles in the neck.

What are the key branches of the common carotid artery, and where do they lead?

The common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries. The internal carotid artery supplies the brain, while the external carotid artery supplies the face and neck.

What is the significance of the carotid sinus?

The carotid sinus, located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, contains baroreceptors that monitor blood pressure, helping regulate the cardiovascular system.

How does the internal carotid artery contribute to brain circulation?

The internal carotid artery ascends without branching in the neck and enters the skull, where it supplies the anterior two-thirds of the brain, including branches like the ophthalmic artery for the eye.

What is the Circle of Willis, and why is it important?

The Circle of Willis is a network of arteries formed by the communication of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries within the brain. It ensures a continuous and rich blood supply to the brain, protecting it in case of vascular injuries.