INSTALACION ELECTRICA de una casa paso a paso, como armar el TABLERO ELECTRICO

Summary

This comprehensive guide walks viewers through the step-by-step process of installing a single-phase electrical system in a home. It covers essential topics such as the correct placement of the electrical panel, wiring setup, and the importance of circuit breakers and grounding systems. The script emphasizes safety practices, including proper cable sizing, the function of different switches, and the role of surge protectors. It also addresses common mistakes, such as using the wrong connectors or inadequate cables, while highlighting the importance of understanding electrical load and preventing overloading or short circuits.

Takeaways

• 😀 The electrical distribution board should be installed at a height between 1.5 and 2 meters for easy access.
• 😀 In a single-phase electrical system, the live (phase) and neutral wires are crucial, with the live wire carrying the electricity to the house.
• 😀 A breaker box should include different thermomagnetic breakers for each circuit, such as for lights, general outlets, kitchen, and shower.
• 😀 The ground wire should be independent and not connected to either the phase or neutral wire to ensure safety.
• 😀 Different countries use different color codes for wires: for example, red, black, blue, and brown for live wires, and white or grey for neutral.
• 😀 Using comb connectors (peines eléctricos) is the preferred method for wiring connections to avoid overload and overheating.
• 😀 If you use terminal blocks, ensure the wire is continuous and properly connected to avoid increased resistance and overheating.
• 😀 Wires should enter the breakers from the top to prevent the risk of exposed live wires causing accidents.
• 😀 The cable's amperage capacity must always be higher than the consumption of the devices connected to it to prevent overheating and fires.
• 😀 To protect electrical appliances from voltage fluctuations, use devices like surge protectors and undervoltage protectors.
• 😀 To ensure overall safety, always use a ground system with a copper rod to protect from indirect contact and divert current leaks.

Q & A

What is the ideal height for placing the electrical distribution panel?

The electrical distribution panel should be placed at a height of at least 1.5 meters and no more than 2 meters, ensuring it is accessible.

What is the role of the thermal magnetic circuit breaker in the electrical installation?

The thermal magnetic circuit breaker serves as a power controller, protecting circuits from overcurrent or short circuits by disconnecting the power when necessary.

Why is it essential to use separate circuit breakers for high-power devices?

High-power devices such as heating systems and air conditioners require individual circuit breakers to prevent overloads, ensuring each device is properly protected.

What color coding is typically used for electrical wires in a monophase installation?

In most countries, the phase wire is usually red, black, blue, or brown, while the neutral wire is typically white, with some regions using gray. The earth wire is commonly green or yellow-green.

Why should cables enter the distribution panel from the top?

Cables should enter from the top to prevent the risk of exposed, live wires coming into contact with the metal panel if the wiring becomes loose. This minimizes the risk of electric shock or fire.

How can you calculate the amperage needed for each electrical circuit?

The amperage can be calculated using the formula: current (I) = power (P) / voltage (V). For example, a 3,600W shower on a 220V circuit requires 16 amperes.

What happens if the current exceeds the rated capacity of a wire?

If the current exceeds the wire’s rated capacity, the wire may overheat, potentially causing insulation damage, short circuits, or even fire hazards. It is essential to match wire capacity with the expected load.

What is the purpose of a differential switch in an electrical installation?

A differential switch protects individuals from electrical shocks by detecting leakage currents and disconnecting the power supply in the event of contact with live wires.

Why is it important to use an earth grounding system in electrical installations?

An earth grounding system protects people by directing leakage currents safely to the ground, preventing electric shocks or fires caused by faulty wiring or electrical faults.

What is the difference between a surge protector and a voltage drop protector?

A surge protector protects appliances from overvoltage, while a voltage drop protector guards against undervoltage, ensuring that sensitive devices are not damaged by extreme fluctuations in electrical supply.