🟣 ESTRUTURA e FORMAÇÃO de PALAVRAS (composição e derivação) || Prof. Letícia

Summary

In this lesson, Letícia Gois explains the structure and formation of words in Portuguese, covering key components like radicals, prefixes, suffixes, and desinences. She introduces two main processes of word formation: composition and derivation. Composition involves combining multiple radicals, while derivation adds affixes to a single radical to create new words. Various types of derivation, such as prefixal, suffixal, and parassinthetic, are explored with examples. The lesson also covers primitive and derived words, and how they form the foundation for creating new vocabulary in Portuguese, making it a comprehensive guide for language learners.

Takeaways

• 😀 The radical is the core part of a word that carries its original meaning, as seen in the example of 'amor' (love) with the radical 'am'.
• 😀 A prefix is a particle added before the radical to form a new word, like 'des' in 'desamor' (lack of love).
• 😀 A suffix is a particle added after the radical, changing the meaning of the word, such as 'oso' in 'amoroso' (loving).
• 😀 Desinence refers to word inflections, indicating variations like gender and number, as in 'gato' (masculine) and 'gata' (feminine).
• 😀 The thematic vowel links the radical to the desinence in verbs, and indicates the verb's conjugation, such as 'amar' (to love) with the thematic vowel 'a'.
• 😀 Primitive words, like 'pedra' (stone) or 'chuva' (rain), are not derived from other words, while derived words are formed from primitive ones using prefixes or suffixes.
• 😀 Words can be formed through composition, which involves combining two or more radicals, either through juxtaposition (no sound change) or agglutination (with sound changes).
• 😀 Hybrid words are formed from radicals from different languages, like 'burocracia' (bureaucracy) from French and Greek.
• 😀 Derivation involves creating new words from a single radical by adding a prefix or suffix, such as 'infeliz' (unhappy) through prefixation.
• 😀 Parasynthetic derivation requires adding both a prefix and a suffix to create a new word, like 'enterrar' (to bury) which cannot be formed with just the prefix or the suffix alone.
• 😀 Regressive derivation creates abstract nouns from verbs, such as 'compra' (purchase) from 'comprar' (to buy), while improper derivation changes the grammatical class of a word, like 'viver' (live) used as a noun ('the living').

Q & A

What is the radical of a word in Portuguese?

The radical is the core part of a word that carries its primary meaning, such as 'am' in 'amor' (love), which remains unchanged in derived words.

How do prefixes and suffixes affect word formation in Portuguese?

Prefixes are added before the radical to modify the word's meaning, while suffixes are added after the radical. Both can create new words with different meanings.

What is the difference between primitive and derived words?

Primitive words are basic words not derived from others (e.g., 'pedra' for stone), while derived words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to primitive words (e.g., 'pedreiro' from 'pedra').

What is the role of the desinence in a word?

Desinences show the inflection of words that vary in gender, number, or tense. For example, in 'gato' (male) vs. 'gata' (female), the desinence changes based on gender.

What is composition in word formation, and what are its types?

Composition involves combining two or more radicals to form a new word. The three types are juxtaposition (no phonetic change), agglutination (phonetic change), and hybridism (combining radicals from different languages).

Can you give an example of a word formed by juxtaposition?

An example of juxtaposition is 'pontapé' (from 'ponta' + 'pé'), where both words are combined without any change in pronunciation.

What is the difference between juxtaposition and agglutination in word formation?

In juxtaposition, there is no change in pronunciation when combining words, whereas agglutination involves a phonetic change when the words are combined.

What does hybridism in word formation refer to?

Hybridism refers to the combination of two radicals from different languages to form a new word, such as 'burocracia' (from French and Greek) or 'televisão' (from Greek and Latin).

What is the process of derivation in Portuguese word formation?

Derivation is the process of forming new words from a single radical by adding prefixes and/or suffixes. Examples include 'infeliz' (from 'feliz' with a prefix) or 'dentista' (from 'dente' with a suffix).

How is the parasynthetic derivation different from other forms of derivation?

Parasynthetic derivation requires the simultaneous addition of both a prefix and a suffix to create a new word, with neither being able to form the word independently. For example, 'enterrar' (from 'terra' with both 'em' and 'ar').