Hofstede - Cultural Dimensions
Summary
TLDRDr. Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Model, established in the late 1970s, has become a pivotal framework for understanding cultural differences across the globe. The model identifies six key dimensions: Power Distance Index, which reflects the acceptance of unequal power distribution, with Malaysia scoring high and Austria low; Individualism versus Collectivism, where Guatemala represents strong collectivism and the U.S. epitomizes individualism through the American Dream; Masculinity versus Femininity, highlighting gender role distribution, with Japan scoring high and Sweden low; Uncertainty Avoidance Index, which measures coping mechanisms with anxiety, peaking in Greece and bottoming out in Singapore; Long-Term versus Short-Term Orientation, where China's long-term orientation contrasts with Sierra Leone's short-term focus; and Indulgence versus Restraint, with Brazil exemplifying indulgence and Russia restraint. By applying Hofstede's model, individuals can navigate unfamiliar cultures with greater confidence, fostering cultural sensitivity and respect for diversity.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Power Distance Index: The extent to which less powerful members accept power inequalities varies greatly by culture, with Malaysia scoring high and Austria scoring low.
- 🏋️♂️ Individualism vs. Collectivism: Guatemala is a collectivist culture with strong group integration, while the U.S. represents individualism with the American Dream.
- 👥 Masculinity vs. Femininity: Japan scores high with a patriarchal society valuing competition, while Sweden is more feminine, focusing on consensus and negotiation.
- 🤔 Uncertainty Avoidance: Greece has a high score, indicating a preference for conservative decisions, whereas Singapore is more open to change and innovation.
- 👵 Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation: China has a high score, reflecting a pragmatic and thrifty culture, contrasting with Sierra Leone's focus on immediate gratification.
- 🎉 Indulgence vs. Restraint: Brazil encourages the free expression of emotions and drives, while Russia emphasizes restraint and strict social norms.
- 🧐 Hofstede's Model: A framework to understand cultural differences, which can help in navigating unfamiliar cultural environments and avoiding mistakes.
- 👍 Cultural Sensitivity: Emphasizing the importance of respecting and valuing cultural differences in a globalized world.
- 👨👩👧👦 Gender Roles: The model reveals that men's values can be assertive and competitive, while women's values tend to be more modest and caring, though these can vary.
- 📈 Nationalism and Religiosity: Long-term oriented cultures like China may have stronger ties to nationalism and religiosity compared to short-term oriented cultures.
- 🌱 Adaptability: Understanding cultural dimensions can boost confidence when working in new countries, promoting adaptability and effective communication.
Q & A
What is the cultural dimensions model developed by Dr. Geert Hofstede?
-The cultural dimensions model developed by Dr. Geert Hofstede is an internationally recognized framework for understanding cultural differences. It identifies six dimensions that distinguish one culture from another.
What does the Power Distance Index measure?
-The Power Distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.
Which country has the highest score in the Power Distance Index according to the model?
-Malaysia has the highest score in the Power Distance Index, indicating that team members there will not initiate action and prefer to be guided and directed.
What does the Individualism versus Collectivism dimension represent?
-The Individualism versus Collectivism dimension represents the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups, with individualistic cultures valuing personal goals and collectivist cultures emphasizing group goals.
Which country is mentioned as having the highest score in the Individualism dimension?
-The United States has the highest score in the Individualism dimension, exemplified by the American Dream which is the aspiration for a better quality of life and higher standard of living.
How does the Masculinity versus Femininity dimension relate to societal roles?
-The Masculinity versus Femininity dimension refers to the distribution of roles between genders, with masculine societies valuing assertiveness and competition, while feminine societies focus on modesty and caring.
Which country has the highest score in the Masculinity dimension?
-Japan has the highest score in the Masculinity dimension, reflecting a hierarchical, deferential, and traditionally patriarchal society.
What does the Uncertainty Avoidance Index describe?
-The Uncertainty Avoidance Index describes how well people can cope with anxiety and uncertainty, with higher scores indicating a preference for more predictable and structured environments.
Which country is mentioned as having the lowest score in the Uncertainty Avoidance Index?
-Singapore has the lowest score in the Uncertainty Avoidance Index, indicating a society that is more open to change and innovation.
What does the Long-term versus Short-term dimension refer to?
-The Long-term versus Short-term dimension refers to the degree to which people are oriented towards long-term goals and values, as opposed to focusing on immediate results and short-term gratification.
Which country is mentioned as having the highest score in the Long-term orientation dimension?
-China is mentioned as having the highest score in the Long-term orientation dimension, indicating a culture that is pragmatic, modest, and thrifty.
What does the Indulgence versus Restraint dimension measure?
-The Indulgence versus Restraint dimension measures the extent to which a society allows or encourages the free gratification of people's drives and emotions, as opposed to suppressing them.
Which country is mentioned as having a high score in the Indulgence dimension?
-Brazil is mentioned as having a high score in the Indulgence dimension, indicating a society that encourages enjoying life and having fun.
Outlines
🌍 Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Model
Dr. Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Model, published in the late 1970s, has become an internationally recognized framework for understanding cultural differences. The model identifies six key dimensions: Power Distance Index, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation, and Indulgence vs. Restraint. Each dimension is exemplified with countries that score highly or lowly on that specific dimension, illustrating the cultural norms and expectations within those societies.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Cultural Dimensions Model
💡Power Distance Index
💡Individualism vs. Collectivism
💡Masculinity vs. Femininity
💡Uncertainty Avoidance Index
💡Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation
💡Indulgence vs. Restraint
💡Cultural Sensitivity
💡Nationalism
💡Religiosity
💡American Dream
💡Hierarchy
Highlights
Dr. Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Model, published in the late 1970s, has become an internationally recognized standard for understanding cultural differences.
Hofstede identified six key dimensions that can distinguish one culture from another.
The Power Distance Index measures the extent to which less powerful members accept unequal power distribution, with Malaysia scoring the highest.
Austria has the lowest Power Distance score, with supervisors and employees considered almost equals.
Individualism vs. Collectivism represents the degree of integration of individuals into groups, with Guatemala scoring the lowest as a collectivist culture.
The United States has the highest Individualism score, exemplified by the American Dream.
Masculinity vs. Femininity refers to the distribution of roles between genders, with Japan scoring the highest and operating in a traditionally patriarchal society.
Sweden, with the lowest score, is a very feminine society focused on managing through discussion, consensus and negotiation.
The Uncertainty Avoidance Index describes how well people cope with anxiety, with Greece scoring the highest.
Singapore has the lowest Uncertainty Avoidance score, being more open to change and innovation.
The Long-Term vs. Short-Term dimension is strongly related to religiosity and nationalism, with China scoring the highest as a long-term oriented culture.
Sierra Leone has the lowest score, with people tending to be more religious and nationalistic.
Indulgence vs. Restraint refers to the gratification of people's drives and emotions, with Brazil scoring high and Russia low.
High Indulgence countries like Brazil encourage free gratification, while low Indulgence countries like Russia emphasize suppressing gratification and regulating behavior.
Using Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions as a starting point can make working in an unfamiliar country less intimidating and help avoid mistakes.
Cultural sensitivity should be a daily part of life, valuing and respecting people's differences.
Transcripts
at the end of 1970s psychologist dr.
jart Hofstede published his cultural
dimensions model since then it's become
an internationally recognised standard
for understanding cultural differences
he identified six dimensions that could
distinguish one culture from another the
first one is the power distance index it
measures the extent to which the less
powerful members accept and expect that
power is distributed unequally Malaysia
has the highest score team members will
not initiate any action they like to be
guided and directed to complete a task
Austria has the lowest score supervisors
and employees are considered almost as
equals individualism versus collectivism
is the second dimension it represents
the degree to which individuals are
integrated into groups Guatemala the
country with the lowest idv score as a
collectivist culture people are
integrated into strong in groups which
continue protecting them in exchange for
unquestioning loyalty on the other side
the United States have the highest score
the individualism is perfectly
represented by the American Dream which
is the hope for a better quality of life
and a higher standard of living than
their parents the masculinity versus
femininity dimension refers to the
distribution of roles between the
genders the study revealed that women's
values differ less among societies than
men's values men's values can be very
assertive and competitive maximally
different from women's value or modest
and caring similar to women's values
Japan has the highest score if you open
an office in Japan you should recognize
you're operating in a hierarchical
deferential and traditionally
patriarchal society long hours are the
norm
and this in turn can make it harder for
female team members to gain advancement
due to family commitments at the same
time Japan is a culture where all
children learn the value of competition
and winning as part of a team from a
young age therefore female team members
are just as likely to display these
notionally masculine traits as their
male colleagues by comparison
Sweden the country with the lowest score
is a very feminine Society people focus
on managing through discussion consensus
compromise and negotiation the
uncertainty avoidance index describes
how well people can cope with anxiety
Greece is the country with the highest
score during a meeting you might be keen
to generate discussion because you
recognize that there is a cultural
tendency for team members to make the
safest most conservative decisions
despite any emotional outbursts at the
other end of the spectrum Singapore has
the lowest score the country is more
open to change or innovation more
inclined to open-ended decision-making
and has less sense of urgency long term
versus short term dimension refers to
the degree to which people need to
explain the inexplicable and is strongly
related to religiosity and nationalism
China the country with the highest score
as a long-term orientation which means
that the culture is pragmatic modest and
more more thrifty Sierra Leone is the
country with the lowest score people
tend to be religious and nationalistic
self-enhancement
is also important here along with the
person's desire to please their parents
the last dimension is indulgence versus
restraint countries with a high score
such as Brazil allow or encourage
relatively free gratification of people
drives and emotions such as enjoying
life and having fun
in a society with a low score like
Russia there is more emphasis on
suppressing gratification and more
regulation of people's conduct and
behavior and there are stricter social
norms in conclusion by using hot steeds
cultural dimensions as a starting point
you can make the unknown less
intimidating avoid making mistakes and
provide a much-needed confidence boost
when you're working in an unfamiliar
country above all make cultural
sensitivity a daily part of your life
learn to value people's differences and
how to respect the things that make
people who they are
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