L'organizzazione delle legioni romane
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into the intricate structure of the Roman army, highlighting the two primary types of soldiers: the legionary, a Roman citizen, and the auxiliary, a non-Roman specialist. Each soldier was responsible for their own equipment and took an oath of loyalty. The legionary joined infantry units, forming part of a group of eight men sharing quarters. New recruits performed heavy labor until selected for specialized roles. The script outlines the hierarchical organization, from the centurion to the legatus, and the roles they played in commanding the Roman legions, which were the largest military units. Non-Roman auxiliaries, recruited for their unique skills, served in specialized cavalry and infantry units, separate from the legions. After 25 years of service, an auxiliary soldier was granted land, a pension, and full Roman citizenship for themselves and their descendants, illustrating the rewards and integration of non-citizens into Roman society.
Takeaways
- 🏺 **Citizen Soldiers**: Roman citizens served as legionaries, which were the backbone of the Roman army.
- 🏰 **Auxiliary Troops**: Non-Romans were recruited as specialists, serving as auxiliaries with their unique skills and abilities.
- 🛡️ **Equipment and Loyalty**: Both legionaries and auxiliaries had to provide their own equipment and swear an oath of loyalty.
- 🏠 **Barracks Life**: Legionaries joined infantry units and shared living quarters as part of a group of eight men.
- 🔨 **New Recruits' Duties**: New soldiers were assigned heavy and dirty work until they were selected for specialized tasks.
- 🏺 **Centurion Hierarchy**: A centuria, led by a centurion, was a basic unit with its own standard bearer.
- 🏛️ **Cohort and Legion Structure**: Six centurions formed a cohort, and ten cohorts along with a cavalry unit formed a legion.
- 🦅 **Eagle as Symbol**: The eagle was the symbol of the legion, carried by the aquilifer, and cohorts in a region were numbered from 1 to 10.
- 👑 **Senior Officers**: The primus pilus was the most senior among the centurions and could be promoted to the position of praefectus castrorum, managing the legion's daily affairs.
- 🏞️ **Regional Command**: The legatus, a senator from Rome, commanded the region and the legion in the field, which was made up of 6,000 Roman citizens.
- 🏇 **Specialist Regiments**: There were specialized cavalry regiments and some double regiments, including one in Britain, and partially mounted cohorts.
- 🏡 **Rewards for Auxiliaries**: After serving for 25 years, auxiliary soldiers were granted land, a pension, and full Roman citizenship for themselves, their children, and future generations.
Q & A
What were the two main types of soldiers in the Roman army?
-The two main types of soldiers in the Roman army were the legionaries, who were Roman citizens, and the auxiliaries, who were non-citizens serving as specialists.
What was the basic unit of Roman infantry that a legionary would join?
-A legionary would join a unit of infantry known as a contubernium, which was a group of eight men sharing a dormitory.
What was the name of the commander responsible for the daily management of a legion?
-The commander responsible for the daily management of a legion was known as the primus pilus or the chief centurion.
How many men were in a Roman legion, and what was their status?
-A Roman legion was composed of approximately 6,000 men, each of whom was a Roman citizen.
What was the role of the non-Romans in the Roman army?
-Non-Romans served as specialists in the auxiliary units, where they were recruited from across the empire to use their talents and skills in service of Rome.
What was the symbol of the Roman legion?
-The symbol of the Roman legion was the eagle, known as the Aquila, which was carried by the aquilifer.
What was the term for a cavalry regiment in the Roman army?
-A cavalry regiment in the Roman army was referred to as an ala.
How were the auxiliary infantry units organized?
-Auxiliary infantry units were organized similarly to legionary cohorts, but they were not part of larger units like legions.
What was the reward given to an auxiliary soldier after serving for 25 years in the Roman army?
-After serving for 25 years, an auxiliary soldier was granted a piece of land, a pension, and all the rights of a Roman citizen for himself, his children, and future generations.
What was the rank of the most senior centurion in a Roman legion?
-The most senior centurion in a Roman legion was the primus pilus or the chief centurion.
Who was the commander of the entire region in the Roman army, and what was his role?
-The commander of the entire region in the Roman army was the legatus, who was a member of the Senate in Rome and commanded his legion in the field.
What was the name of the officer responsible for the logistics and support of a Roman legion?
-The officer responsible for the logistics and support of a Roman legion was known as the praefectus castrorum or the camp prefect.
Outlines
🏺 Roman Army Structure and Soldier Life
This paragraph introduces the two main types of Roman soldiers: the legionary, a Roman citizen, and the auxiliary. It explains that each soldier had to acquire their own equipment and swear an oath of loyalty. Legionaries joined infantry units as part of a group of eight men who shared a dormitory. New soldiers were assigned heavy and dirty work until they were chosen for a specialized role. The organizational structure of the Roman army is detailed, including the formation of a cohort from six centuries, the role of the first order as the most senior, and the promotion opportunities within the legion. The paragraph also highlights the importance of the Roman eagle as a symbol of the legion and the regional numbering of cohorts. Additionally, it discusses the command structure, with the legatus, a member of the Senate, commanding a strong legion of 6,000 men on the battlefield. Non-Roman specialists are also mentioned, highlighting their recruitment from across the empire to serve Rome's military.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Legionario
💡Ausiliario
💡Equipaggiamento
💡Giuramento di fedeltà
💡Fanteria
💡Centuria
💡Legione
💡Equitazione
💡Cittadino romano
💡Appezzamento di terreno
💡Aquila
Highlights
There were two main types of soldiers in the Roman army: the legionary, a Roman citizen, and the auxiliary.
Each soldier was required to provide their own equipment and take an oath of loyalty.
A legionary would join an infantry unit as part of a group of eight men sharing a dormitory.
New recruits performed heavy and dirty tasks until they were selected for a specialized role.
A contubernium formed a centuria with its own standard, commanded by a second in command and a centurion.
Six centurions formed a cohort, and ten cohorts plus a small cavalry unit formed the largest Roman military unit, the legion.
The legion's symbol was the eagle, carried by the aquilifer.
Cohorts in a region were numbered from 1 to 10, with the first cohort being extra large with five double centurions.
The primus pilus was the most senior among all centurions and could be promoted to the praefectus castrorum.
The praefectus castrorum was responsible for the daily management of the legion.
Seven men were superior to this prefect, including staff officers and the commander of the entire region, the legatus.
At Rome, the legatus was a member of the Senate and commanded a strong legion of 6,000 men, all Roman citizens.
Regional citizens were the backbone of the Roman army, while non-Romans were specialists in the cohorts and auxiliaries.
Non-Romans were recruited throughout the empire to serve Rome using their talents and skills.
One area of expertise was equitation, with a regiment of solely cavalry, some double regiments, and partially mounted cohorts.
Auxiliary infantry cohorts were organized like legionary cohorts but did not form large units or legions.
Each cohort had its own high-ranking commander to lead this more compact and maneuverable unit.
After serving 25 years in the Roman army, an auxiliary soldier was granted a plot of land, a pension, and all the rights of a Roman citizen for themselves, their children, and future generations.
Transcripts
[Musica]
come funzionava l'esercito di roma ci
sono due tipi principali di soldati un
legionario che è un cittadino romano e
un ausiliario
ognuno di loro deve reperire il proprio
equipaggiamento e fare giuramento di
fedeltà il legionario si unisce ad una
unità di fanteria come parte di un
gruppo di otto uomini che condividono il
dormitorio
i nuovi soldati sono impiegati per
lavori pesanti e sporchi finché non
vengono scelti per un incarico
specializzato 10 contu berni una formano
una centuria con un proprio portale
silli un comandante della guardia il
secondo in comando e un centurione per
comandarli tutti 6 centurie formano una
corte 10 corti più una piccola unità di
cavalleria formano la più grande fra
tutte le unità romane la legione il
simbolo della legione l'aquila portata
dalla qui li fair le corti in una
regione sono numerate da 1 a 10 la prima
corte extra large con cinque doppie
centurie i suoi centurioni sono
ufficiali di rango anziano i primi
ordines è il più anziano fra tutti è il
primo spillus può essere promosso apre
textus castrorum e il responsabile della
gestione quotidiana della legione i
superiori di questo prefetto da campo
sono sette uomini se gli ufficiali dello
staff e il comandante dell'intera
regione
il legatus
a roma questo è un membro del senato i
600 uomini che comandano l'impero ma sul
campo lui comanda la sua legione forte
di 6.000 uomini
ognuno dei quali è cittadino romano ma
mentre questi cittadini regionali sono
la spina dorsale dell'esercito romano i
non romani sono gli specialisti nelle
corti e ausiliari e gli uomini sono
reclutati in tutto l'intero per usare i
loro talenti e le loro abilità al
servizio di roma una di queste aree di
competenza è l'equitazione
c'è un reggimento di sola cavalleria
qualche doppio reggimento incluso uno in
britannia e corti parzialmente a cavallo
[Musica]
e alcune corti ausiliarie di fanteria
regolare organizzate come corti
legionarie
[Musica]
ma la somiglianza finisce qui alla corte
gli ausiliari non fanno parte di grosse
unità non ci sono legioni o legati a
comandarli infatti ogni corte ha un suo
comandante di alto grado a comandare
questa unità più compatta e manovrabile
e una grossa ricompensa spetta un
soldato ausiliario dopo aver servito per
25 anni nell'esercito romano gli viene
concessa un appezzamento di terreno una
pensione e tutti i diritti di un
cittadino romano per lui i suoi figli e
le generazioni che verranno
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