Subjek, Predikat,Objek, Keterangan dan Pelengkap (Struktur Kalimat)

Summary

In this video, the presenter explains the fundamental components of sentence structure in Indonesian: subject, predicate, object, modifier, and complement. Through clear examples, the video illustrates how each part functions within a sentence. The subject is the actor, the predicate describes the action, the object receives the action, and modifiers provide context like time, place, and manner. Complements complete the meaning of a sentence. The video aims to help viewers understand how these elements come together to form coherent and grammatically correct sentences, with simple examples for clarity.

Takeaways

• 😀 The subject (subjek) of a sentence refers to the person or thing performing the action or being discussed in the sentence.
• 😀 The predicate (predikat) represents the action or activity being done by the subject, typically expressed as a verb.
• 😀 The object (objek) is the recipient of the action performed by the subject, essentially the one affected by the action.
• 😀 Adverbials (keterangan) provide additional information about the action, such as where, when, how, and with whom the action occurs.
• 😀 The key categories of adverbials include place (keterangan tempat), manner (keterangan cara), time (keterangan waktu), and accompaniment (keterangan penyerta).
• 😀 A complement (pelengkap) adds more detail to the sentence, typically following the predicate or object.
• 😀 A complement can be placed after the predicate if there is no object or after the object if one exists.
• 😀 In sentences without an object, the complement follows the predicate, for example, 'Ibu berjualan sayur' (The mother sells vegetables).
• 😀 In sentences with an object, the complement comes after the object, as seen in 'Ibu memberikan kakak tas baru' (The mother gave the brother a new bag).
• 😀 The structure of a sentence in Indonesian often involves the combination of these elements: subject, predicate, object, adverbial, and complement.
• 😀 By understanding these components, one can form more grammatically accurate and diverse sentences in Indonesian.

Q & A

What is the subject (subjek) in a sentence?

The subject is the person or entity performing the action in the sentence, also known as the doer of the action.

Can you give an example of a subject in a sentence?

In the sentence 'Adi mengembalikan buku ke perpustakaan' (Adi returns the book to the library), 'Adi' is the subject, as he is performing the action.

What role does the predicate (predikat) play in a sentence?

The predicate describes the action or activity being performed by the subject. It is typically a verb or action word.

What is the predicate in the sentence 'Tuhan menyiram bunga di taman'?

In the sentence 'Tuhan menyiram bunga di taman' (God waters the flowers in the garden), 'menyiram' (waters) is the predicate, indicating the action performed by the subject.

What is an object (objek) in a sentence?

The object is the entity that receives or is affected by the action of the subject. It can be a person or thing that is involved in the action.

Give an example of an object in a sentence.

In the sentence 'Cindy menghabiskan donat' (Cindy eats the donut), 'donat' (donut) is the object because it is the entity affected by the subject's action.

What does the adverbial phrase (keterangan) describe in a sentence?

An adverbial phrase provides additional information about the action, such as where, when, how, or with whom the action takes place.

What are the different types of adverbial phrases mentioned in the video?

The video mentions adverbial phrases describing place, manner, time, and accompaniment. Examples include 'di rumahnya' (at his house), 'dengan rajin' (diligently), 'setiap sore' (every afternoon), and 'bersama Kiki' (with Kiki).

What is a complement (pelengkap) in a sentence?

A complement provides additional information about the subject or object. It typically follows the predicate and can either be placed after the predicate (if no object is present) or after the object.

Can you explain the difference between a predicate with and without an object?

If there is no object, the complement directly follows the predicate. If there is an object, the complement comes after the object. For example, in 'Ibu berjualan sayur' (Mother sells vegetables), 'sayur' (vegetables) is the complement.

What is the structure of the sentence 'Sarah mengajarkan Dinda bahasa Inggris setiap malam'?

In the sentence 'Sarah mengajarkan Dinda bahasa Inggris setiap malam' (Sarah teaches Dinda English every night), 'Sarah' is the subject, 'mengajarkan' is the predicate, 'Dinda' is the object, 'bahasa Inggris' is the complement, and 'setiap malam' is the adverbial phrase indicating time.

How is a sentence structure with a complement different from one without?

A sentence with a complement provides extra details that describe the subject, object, or action more fully. For example, 'Ibu berjualan sayur' (Mother sells vegetables) includes a complement, whereas a simple sentence might not have one.