ARTS Grade 9 - Western Classical Plays and Opera - 4th Quarter (MAPEH)

Summary

This comprehensive arts lesson delves into the rich history of Western classical theater and opera, highlighting significant periods, famous composers, and their influential works. The narrative begins with the origins of theater in ancient Greece and Rome, characterized by the works of playwrights like Sophocles and the development of drama forms such as tragedy and comedy. It progresses through the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical eras, touching on the evolution of theatrical styles, the introduction of new technologies, and the impact of cultural movements on the arts. The lesson also celebrates the contributions of renowned playwrights like William Shakespeare and the emergence of opera, exemplified by Bizet's "Carmen." Furthermore, the script pays homage to Filipino playwrights, such as Francisco Balagtas and Severino Reyes, and acknowledges the significant contributions of theater designers and directors in shaping the Filipino theater landscape. The lesson concludes with an invitation for students to engage with the material through activities and discussions, fostering a deeper appreciation for the arts.

Takeaways

• 🎭 The history of theater began with myth, ritual, and ceremony, evolving from human desires for entertainment and the need for societal connections.
• 🏟️ Ancient Greek and Roman theaters (700 BCE to 410 CE) were significant, with Athens being a cultural hub and home to famous playwrights like Sophocles, Euripides, and Aeschylus.
• 🎭 Theatro, meaning 'place of seeing,' involves playwrights, directors, performers, and an audience to create a complete theater experience.
• 🎭 Medieval theater (500 CE to 1400 CE) was suppressed in Europe, leading to the rise of minstrels and the church's own biblical performances.
• 🎭 Renaissance theater (1400 to 1600) saw a return to classical arts and culture, with public theaters and professional players emerging, notably supported by Queen Elizabeth I.
• 🎭 William Shakespeare, known as England's national poet, is celebrated for his 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and significant influence on theater and literature.
• 🎭 Baroque theater (1600 to 1750) introduced technological advancements for special effects and scene changes, influencing the content and style of performances.
• 🎭 Neoclassical theater (1800 to 1900) was characterized by grandiosity, with elaborate costumes and sets, and a clear distinction between tragedy and comedy.
• 🎭 Romantic theater (1800 to 2000) popularized melodrama and opera, with Victor Marie Hugo and Georges Bizet being notable figures in the movement.
• 🎭 Filipino theater has a rich history, with notable playwrights like Francisco Balagtas, known for 'Florante at Laura,' and Severino Reyes, the father of the Tagalog comedia.
• 🎭 Dr. Ricardo J. Abad and Salvador Bernal contributed significantly to Filipino theater as a director and designer, respectively, enriching the cultural landscape.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lesson discussed in the transcript?

The main focus of the lesson is the history of Western classical plays and operas, as well as the famous composers and their works.

What is the origin of the word 'theater'?

The word 'theater' means 'place of seeing' and it refers to not just the buildings where performances take place, but also the entire production that includes the script, director, performers, and audience.

Who are the three well-known Greek tragedy playwrights mentioned in the transcript?

The three well-known Greek tragedy playwrights mentioned are Sophocles, Euripides, and Aeschylus.

What is the significance of the character Thespis in the history of theater?

Thespis is considered the father of tragedy and was the first actor to introduce the use of masks in performances.

What are the three types of drama in ancient Greek theater?

The three types of drama in ancient Greek theater are tragedy, comedy, and satyr play.

How did the Romans influence the development of theater?

Romans influenced theater by incorporating their native traditions with the Hellenization or the spread of ancient Greek culture, which led to the development of Latin literature and permanent, non-wooden theaters.

What was the role of the chorus in ancient Greek theater?

The chorus in ancient Greek theater consisted of 12 members who wore identical masks and played a significant role in advancing the themes of the play, providing commentary, and participating in the lamenting of events.

Who is considered one of the most famous romantic composers?

Georges Bizet is considered one of the most famous romantic composers, known for his opera 'Carmen'.

What is the significance of Francisco Balagtas in Filipino literature?

Francisco Balagtas is significant in Filipino literature as the author of the famous epic poem 'Florante at Laura' and is revered as the term for Filipino debate in extemporaneous verse, 'Balagtasan', is named after him.

Who is known as the father of theater design in the Philippines?

Salvador Bernal is known as the father of theater design in the Philippines, having developed the profession and elevated it to an art form.

What is the importance of the character Carmen in the opera 'Carmen' by Georges Bizet?

Carmen is the central character in the opera who seduces the soldier Don José, leading to his downfall. She is known for her charm and the opera revolves around the drama of love and jealousy that ensues.