FESP Module 4 Part 2

Summary

In this module, the instructor covers the topic of fire hazards, following previous discussions on machine and noise hazards. Key points include the basics of fire hazards, safety implications, and control measures. The module explains the fire triangle—oxygen, fuel, and heat—and how these elements can cause a fire. Examples of fire hazards at home and work are provided, along with fire extinguishing systems and proper emergency procedures. The instructor emphasizes fire prevention tips and safety guidelines, concluding with practical advice on how to use firefighting equipment effectively.

Takeaways

• 🔥 Fire hazards involve conditions that promote the development or growth of fire, requiring oxygen, fuel, and heat to start and sustain a fire.
• ⚡ Examples of fire hazards include unattended electrical appliances, overloaded power sources, children playing with matches, and smoking while asleep.
• 🚪 Fire exits should always be clear of obstructions, as seen in an audit where a fire exit door was blocked by a TV cabinet.
• 💡 Properly terminating electrical cables and avoiding sparks near gas cylinders are important safety measures to prevent fire hazards.
• 🔥 Direct contact with flames can cause physical burns, but most fire-related deaths occur due to smoke inhalation and toxic gases.
• 🔥 There are three types of burns: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burns, with third-degree burns posing a severe infection risk.
• 🚒 Different fire types (solid fuel, flammable liquids/gases, electrical, metal) require different fire extinguishing systems like water hydrants, sprinklers, and smoke detectors.
• 🧯 Fire extinguishers (class A, B, C) are essential for tackling different types of fires, and it's important to know how to use them effectively.
• 🚨 Control measures include following fire safety regulations, maintaining good housekeeping, and being familiar with emergency escape routes and firefighting equipment.
• 🔥 The PASS acronym (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) provides a step-by-step guide to using a fire extinguisher during fire emergencies.

Q & A

What are the three elements required to start and sustain a fire?

The three elements required to start and sustain a fire are oxygen, fuel, and heat. If all three elements are present, a chain reaction can happen and start a fire.

What should be done to stop a fire from continuing?

To stop a fire, one of the three elements—oxygen, fuel, or heat—must be removed.

Can you provide examples of fire hazards found at home?

Examples of fire hazards at home include an unattended iron that can burn clothes, overloading electrical appliances which may start an electrical fire, children playing with matches, and a person smoking while reading, which could lead to a fire if they fall asleep.

What should be done if a fire exit door is obstructed?

According to fire safety rules, fire exit doors must always be clear of obstructions. If obstructed, notice should be issued to the owner to remove the obstruction immediately.

What is the major cause of death in a fire?

Most people die in a fire from suffocating or inhaling smoke and toxic gases, rather than from direct contact with flames.

How are fires classified?

Fires are classified into four types: Type A (solid fuels), Type B (flammable liquids or gases), Type C (electrical fires), and Type D (metal fires).

What is the function of a fire sprinkler system?

A fire sprinkler system is equipped with a glass-triggered plug containing glycerin-based liquid. When the temperature rises due to a fire, the liquid expands and breaks the glass, releasing water to extinguish the fire.

What should you do if the fire is too large to extinguish?

If the fire is too large, leave quickly, close the door to contain the fire and smoke, activate the nearest fire alarm, and call emergency services. Inform the appropriate authority even if you manage to extinguish the fire.

What is the acronym PASS used for in fire safety?

PASS stands for Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle at the base of the flame, Squeeze the trigger, and Sweep the extinguisher from side to side.

Why should you avoid using elevators during a fire?

Elevators should be avoided during a fire because there may be a power failure, trapping people inside. It's safer to use designated escape routes or stairwells.