Anatomi Systema Respiratorium : Nasus

Summary

The video is a lecture by Dr. Siti Munawaroh from the Anatomy Laboratory at Universitas Sebelas Maret, discussing the respiratory system's structure and function. The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower airways. The lecture explores key anatomical features such as the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and paranasal sinuses. The focus is on air conduction, gas exchange, and respiratory functions, including warming and humidifying air. The video also covers nasal vascularization, sinus function, and potential issues like sinusitis and nosebleeds.

Takeaways

• 😀 The respiratory system is structurally divided into the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with the epiglottis serving as a boundary between the two.
• 🫁 The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity (cavum nasi) and related structures, while the lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and their branches.
• 🌬️ Functionally, the respiratory system is divided into the conducting zone and the respiratory zone. The conducting zone channels air to the lungs, while the respiratory zone facilitates gas exchange.
• 🧠 The nasal cavity's lateral wall has three projections: inferior, middle, and superior nasal conchae, each forming grooves called meatuses for airflow.
• 🔍 Sinuses connected to the nasal cavity include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses, which help lighten the skull, enhance voice resonance, and produce mucus.
• 🦴 The external nose structure consists of both bone and cartilage, with the nasal septum dividing the nasal cavity into two parts.
• 💧 Tears from the lacrimal gland are drained into the nasal cavity through the nasolacrimal duct, explaining why tears can sometimes exit through the nose.
• 🎤 The paranasal sinuses also play a role in voice resonance, as they are air-filled spaces within the skull.
• 💡 Sinusitis in the maxillary sinus can spread easily due to its proximity to the orbit and the thin lamina separating them.
• 🩸 The nasal cavity is highly vascularized, with blood supplied by branches of the internal and external carotid arteries. A rich network of vessels near the surface can cause frequent nosebleeds (epistaxis).

Q & A

What is the anatomical division of the respiratory system according to the script?

The respiratory system is divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity and pharynx, while the lower respiratory tract includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and their branches.

What is the role of the upper and lower respiratory tracts in the respiratory system?

The upper respiratory tract functions as the air passage that filters, warms, and moistens the air entering the body. The lower respiratory tract, starting below the epiglottis, is responsible for the conduction and exchange of gases.

What are the main zones of the respiratory system described in the script?

The respiratory system is divided into the conduction zone and the respiratory zone. The conduction zone includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. The respiratory zone includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.

What is the function of the conduction zone in the respiratory system?

The conduction zone serves to conduct air into the lungs, and it also functions to filter, warm, and moisten the incoming air.

What structures are involved in the respiratory zone and what is its main function?

The respiratory zone includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. Its primary function is to facilitate gas exchange between the air and the blood.

What are the main components of the external nose structure mentioned in the script?

The external nose, or *nasus externus*, consists of bones such as the nasal bones (Os nasale), maxilla (Os maxillare), and frontal bone (Os frontale), along with cartilages such as the lateral cartilage, septal cartilage, and alar cartilage.

What are the paranasal sinuses and how are they classified?

Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces within the bones of the skull that are classified into four pairs: frontal sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses, maxillary sinuses, and sphenoidal sinuses.

What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

The primary functions of the paranasal sinuses include lightening the weight of the skull, increasing the surface area of the nasal cavity for warming and moistening air, producing mucus, and contributing to voice resonance.

What is the importance of the olfactory region in the nasal cavity?

The olfactory region, located in the upper third of the nasal cavity, contains olfactory cells that detect smells. It is crucial for the sense of smell.

What are the key features of the vascularization of the nasal cavity?

The nasal cavity receives blood supply from the internal and external carotid arteries. The anterior part of the nasal septum, known as Kiesselbach's plexus, is a common site of nosebleeds due to its superficial blood vessels.