Biodiversity in the Philippine Forests | Puno ng Buhay
Summary
TLDRThe video explores the concept of biodiversity, tracing its origins from the term 'biological diversity' coined in 1980, and how it was later shortened to 'biodiversity.' It explains three levels of biodiversity: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity, with examples from the Philippines' rich biodiversity. The discussion highlights the economic, ecological, ethical, aesthetic, and evolutionary importance of biodiversity. It also addresses the threats to biodiversity, such as deforestation and environmental degradation, and emphasizes conservation efforts through both in-situ and ex-situ approaches, including protected areas and gene banks.
Takeaways
- 🌳 The script invites the audience to explore nature parks and appreciate biodiversity in natural settings.
- 📚 Dr. Thomas Lovejoy coined the term 'biological diversity' in 1980, which was later shortened to 'biodiversity' in 1986.
- 🌱 Biodiversity refers to the variety of life, encompassing genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.
- 🧬 Genetic diversity allows species to adapt to new environments and resist diseases, whereas low genetic diversity makes species more vulnerable.
- 🌿 The Philippines is a biodiversity hotspot with an estimated 53,000 known organisms and is one of the 17 megadiverse countries.
- 🌏 Ecosystem diversity reflects the variety of ecosystems, like forests and marine life, with species coexisting and depending on one another.
- 💰 Biodiversity has economic importance, especially in agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and pharmaceuticals.
- 🍃 Biodiversity also provides ecological services, such as oxygen production, water absorption to prevent floods, and soil fertility from decomposing leaves.
- 🌳 Conservation efforts include 'in situ' approaches like protected areas, and 'ex situ' approaches like gene banks and captive breeding centers.
- 🌱 The script highlights the need for responsible environmental management to protect ecosystems from deforestation, mining, and pollution.
Q & A
What is the meaning of the term 'biodiversity'?
-'Biodiversity' refers to the variety of life forms in a specific area. It encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity, which together represent the different levels of biological diversity in an environment.
Who coined the term 'biological diversity' and when?
-The term 'biological diversity' was first used by Dr. Thomas Lovejoy, a biology professor at Yale University, in 1980 during STI conferences. The term was later shortened to 'biodiversity' and became widely used in the 1986 National Forum on Biological Diversity.
What are the three levels of biodiversity?
-The three levels of biodiversity are: 1) Genetic diversity, which refers to the variety of genetic information within organisms of the same species; 2) Species diversity, which refers to the number of different species in an ecosystem; and 3) Ecosystem diversity, which describes the different ecosystems formed by various species interacting in a specific environment.
Why is genetic diversity important for a species?
-Genetic diversity is important because it allows species to adapt to changing environments and fight off parasites. Species with high genetic diversity are more resilient to diseases and environmental changes, while species with low genetic diversity, such as domesticated animals, are more vulnerable to disease outbreaks.
How does biodiversity contribute to the economy?
-Biodiversity plays a crucial role in industries like agriculture, forestry, fisheries, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and tourism. It supports the agricultural industry by providing a variety of crops and livestock suited to local climates and helps sustain ecosystems that are vital for food production and tourism.
What is the ecological importance of biodiversity?
-Biodiversity supports ecosystems by providing essential resources such as fresh air, fertile soil, food, and water. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, their roots help prevent floods and soil erosion, and fallen leaves decompose into natural fertilizers. A balanced ecosystem is crucial for mitigating environmental disasters such as floods and droughts.
What are the ethical and aesthetic perspectives of biodiversity?
-From an ethical perspective, humans have a responsibility to care for the environment because they benefit from it and are connected to it. The aesthetic perspective emphasizes the beauty of nature—such as blooming flowers, birds' songs, and the graceful flight of butterflies—which brings joy and enriches human life.
What is meant by 'evolutionary perspective' in biodiversity?
-The evolutionary perspective highlights that all species are related through common ancestors. This perspective is supported by fossil records, embryonic development evidence, and biochemical similarities, showing that species have evolved over time and are interconnected.
What are the two major approaches to biodiversity conservation?
-The two major approaches to biodiversity conservation are: 1) *In-situ* conservation, which involves protecting species in their natural habitats, such as in national parks and biodiversity corridors; and 2) *Ex-situ* conservation, which involves protecting species outside their natural habitats, such as in botanical gardens, seed banks, and zoos.
Why is the Philippines considered a megadiverse country?
-The Philippines is considered a megadiverse country because it hosts around 53,000 known species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world. Its unique location and ecosystems make it one of the most biologically diverse countries, second only to Madagascar in terms of species richness.
Outlines
🌳 Exploring the Wonders of Nature
The first paragraph introduces a nature adventure, where visitors can explore different trees, plants, and animals in a park. It then shifts to a historical account of the term 'biodiversity,' which was first coined by Dr. Thomas Lovejoy in 1980. The explanation of biodiversity follows, breaking down the Greek roots 'bio' meaning life and 'diversity' meaning variety. This segment also delves into the genetic diversity of species and how it impacts evolution and adaptation. High genetic diversity helps species adjust to changing environments and resist diseases.
🐾 Species Discovery and Ecosystem Diversity
This section discusses the vast number of species in the world and the remarkable biodiversity of the Philippines, with scientists identifying 16 new mammal species in the last decade. It highlights the genetic similarity and variety between organisms, comparing them to family members. The ecosystem diversity of different environments, like forests and marine ecosystems, is explored. Each species plays a unique role in maintaining balance within an ecosystem, with biodiversity offering economic and ecological benefits.
💡 Ethical and Evolutionary Perspectives on Biodiversity
The third paragraph emphasizes the ethical responsibility to protect nature, stressing the importance of conservation for future generations. It introduces the concept of common ancestors and evolutionary connections between species, supported by fossil records and biochemical evidence. The Philippines is presented as a biodiversity hotspot, ranking second to Madagascar in terms of species richness. However, it also discusses the environmental challenges facing the country, including deforestation and climate change, and the urgency of biodiversity conservation.
🌍 Conservation Approaches in the Philippines
The final paragraph focuses on conservation strategies, highlighting two major approaches: in-situ and ex-situ. In-situ conservation involves creating protected areas and biodiversity corridors, while ex-situ strategies include seed banks, botanical gardens, and captive breeding centers. The Philippines has several conservation facilities, such as the International Rice Research Institute and zoos, but the challenge remains due to limited space and resources. The need for collective action is stressed to protect biodiversity and ensure the survival of species.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Biodiversity
💡Genetic Diversity
💡Species Diversity
💡Ecosystem Diversity
💡Conservation
💡Protected Areas
💡Seed Banks
💡Ethical Perspective
💡Evolutionary Perspective
💡Economic Perspective
💡Ecological Perspective
Highlights
Biological diversity was first introduced by Dr. Thomas Lovejoy in the 1980s, and later shortened to 'biodiversity' during the 1986 National Forum on Biological Diversity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life, encompassing genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
High genetic diversity allows species to adapt to new environments and resist diseases, while low genetic diversity can make species vulnerable to extinction.
Collecting seeds from multiple trees in different locations can increase genetic diversity and help plants resist pests.
There are an estimated 5 to 50 million species on Earth, but only 1.75 million have been identified, with the Philippines having a high rate of species discovery.
The Philippines is home to over 20,000 unique species of plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth.
The ecosystem diversity of the Philippines includes forests, marine life, and deserts, with each ecosystem playing a crucial role in supporting various species.
Biodiversity provides economic benefits through agriculture, forestry, fisheries, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and tourism.
Ecologically, biodiversity contributes to the balance of natural systems by providing clean air, fertile soil, and preventing flooding.
Ethical perspective emphasizes the fair treatment of nature, urging people to value and protect the environment for future generations.
El Niño and La Niña are natural phenomena that result from the imbalance caused by deforestation and environmental exploitation.
Conservation efforts include both in-situ (protected areas) and ex-situ (seed banks, gene banks, and zoos) approaches.
The Philippines is a mega-diverse country, home to about 53,000 known organisms and ranked second to Madagascar in terms of species richness.
Mining and deforestation have contributed to more severe storms and floods in the Philippines, leading to loss of life and resources.
Biodiversity conservation is a social process involving scientific, socioeconomic, and management sectors to ensure sustainable use of resources.
Transcripts
sinubukan niyo na bang magtaking sa
bundok o mamasyal sa nature Park doon pa
lang maraming iba ibang puno halaman at
hayop na kayong makikita samahan niyo
akong mamasyal at tuklasin ang ating
kapaligirang puno ng buhay
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noong 1980 ginamit ni Dr Thomas lovejoy
isang biology professor sa yale
University ang salitang biological
diversity sa mga STI
conferences tagal taong 1985 ng paikliin
at gamitin sa
1986 National forum on biological
diversity ng National Research Council
ang salitang biodiversity Ano nga ba ang
ibig sabihin ng
biodiversity That's so easy bio means
life in greek while diversity is
synonymous to variety so together they
mean life
variety Actually tama ka naman Miss
Philippines Pero kung ang pinag-uusapan
ay biodiversity ng Pilipinas Ito ay
tumutukoy sa lahat ng species na
pumapaloob sa isang biotic community na
bumubuo naman ng
ecosystem there are three levels of
biological diversity o biodiversity ang
pinakauna ay ang genetic diversity ito
ang kabuuan ng lahat ng genetic
information na nilalaman ng isang
organism kahit ang isang single celled
organism ay maaaaring naglalaman ng is
lib hanggang is milyong Gene sa halaman
o hayop ang genetic diversity ay ang
pagkakaiba-iba ng mga naman ng katangian
o abilidad na mayroon ang isang
populasyon ng parehong species ang
mataas o mababang genetic diversity ay
merong mahalagang ginagampanan sa evolus
o pagkabuo ng panibagong species High
genetic diversity allow species to adopt
to a new environment and to fight off
parasites halimbawa ay mga domesticated
animals tulad ng baboy at manok sa
poultry na kadalasang pinaparami bilang
kabuhayan at pagkain ang mga
domesticated animals ay may low genetic
diversity kaya pag nagkasakit ang isa ay
damay-damay na lahat pag di
maagapan sa cells nakapaloob ang mga
instructions o blueprints of develop ng
lahat ng mga may buhay hayop man ito o
halaman ang mga instructions or
blueprints na ito ay tinatawag nating
genes na nagresulta sa pisikal at
internal na characteristics or traits ng
organismo ito ay nakakaapekto sa kung
papaano makipag-interact ang organism sa
environment
nito ang pagkakaibang ito ng mga
characteristics o traits within same
species give rise to genetic diversity
para maka-adapt ang species sa
pabago-bagong ecosystem dapat meron
siyang High genetic diversity pero ang
species naman na may mababang genetic
diversity hindi nagagawang ipasa o
ipamana sa kanilang offsprings ang
characteristic nito kadalasan
kinukuhanan ng maraming buto ang iisang
puno o ang mother tree at ito ang
ginagamit nating pananim sa malawak na
lupain
sa susunod na pagbunga nito dahil nga
maganda ang mga buto yun uli ang
pinagkuhanan para magparami ng pananim h
natin alam mababa ang antas ng
pagkakaiba-iba ng jeans ang ating
pinagkukunan na panguna habang tumatagal
ay bumababa ang genetic diversity ng
iisang puno na pinagkukuhanan ng pangun
mas mabuti kung mangolekta ng buto sa
maraming puno na magkakalayo mula sa sa
iba't ibang lokasyon at
pagsasama-samahin ito sa ganitong paraan
mapapataas ang genetic diversity ng
pinang tanim sa oras ng peligro hindi
sila madaling malipol ng mga peste at
maipapasa pa ang kagandahang abilidad at
katangian ng puno sa kanilang offsprings
ang sunod naman ay species diversity
dito natutukoy ang dami ng isang
organism there is an estimated 5 to 50
million species on Earth pero 1.75
million pa lamang ang
identified according to the conservation
international in the last 10 years
scientists have found 16 new mammal
species in the Philippines a rate of
discovery among the highest in the world
in many of these cases the species were
not only unique to the islands but also
entirely new to
science the Philippines has more than
20,000 plants and animal species found
nowhere else on Earth maaaaring ang
isang organism ay nagmula sa isang Gene
at may bahagyang pagkakaiba lamang tulad
ng isang tao na kasama ang kanyang
pamilya magkakamukha man ito at iisa ang
pinagmulan Mayroon pa rin itong
bahagyang pagkakaiba at ang binubuo ng
variety of species ay tinatawag na
ecosystem diversity Ito ay tumutukoy sa
lahat ng species na naninirahan lumalago
at nagtatagpo tagpo sa isang biotic
community balikan natin ang ating
halimbawa na tao kasama ang kanyang
pamilya na ngayon ay naninirahan sa
isang Barangay ibig sabihin sa isang
pamilya kahit iisa ang kanilang
pinagmulan ay may pagkakaiba pa rin ang
iba't ibang pamilya na may kanya-kanyang
katangian ay naninirahan sa isang
Barangay ang bawat Barangay ay may
bahaging ginagampanan para mabuo at
mapanatili ang isang
bayan hindi dahil sinasabing ecosystem
ay tumutukoy na agad sa hekhek ang puno
lamang maaaring iba-iba ang katangian ng
ecosystem tulad ng forest marine life at
desyerto ito ay natutukoy Depende sa
species diversity na nabubuhay sa isang
ecosystem ang species diversity sa isang
ecosystem ay coexisting at dependent sa
isa't isa ang biodiversity ay may limang
mahalagang ginagampanan Una ay ang
Economic perspective tumutukoy ito sa
kahalagahan ng biodiversity sa
industriya ng agriculture forestry
fisheries pharmaceuticals biotechnology
at tourism tulad nga ng ating nabanggit
dati ang Pilipinas ay itinuturing na
tropical country dahil sa geographical
coordinate location nito na malapit sa
equator tag-araw at tag-ulan lamang ang
ating panahon paborito sa maraming
halaman na tanging init at tubig lamang
ang ka
dahil sa klimang ito ng Pilipinas
mayabong ang ating agricultural industry
nakapagtanim tayo ng mga palay niyog
saging at marami pang halaman na hiyang
sa ating klima madali rin makapagparami
ng mga hayop tulad ng baboy manok baka
at isda na pangunahing pinagmumulan ng
ating
pagkain dahil hindi tayo nakakaranas ng
snow buong taon ang turism mo sa ating
bansa ulan at bagyo lang ang dahilan
para hindi matuloy ang beach outing
Pangalawa ang ecological perspective ito
ay nangangahulugan sa mga bagay na
nagmula sa ating likas na yaman tulad ng
sariwang hangin at matabang lupa mula sa
puno minerals pagkain at marami pang iba
alam naman natin na ang carbon dioxide
ay ginagamit ng mga puno upang magmana
ng food at the same time nagre-release
ang mga ito ng oxygen ang mga dahon ng
puno ay nagsisilbing lilim kapag mainit
at kapag ito ay nalagas nahuhulog ito sa
lupa nabubulok at nagiging pataba hindi
lang maliit na bagay ang dulot na
ginhawa sa atin ng mga puno Kapag marami
ang puno marami rin ang ugat nitong
sumisipsip sa tubig ulan para makaiwas
sa pagbaha at ang mga ugat rin nito ang
siyang pumipigil sa pagguho ng lupa
Kapag natapos ang ulan
ngunit bungsod sa labis-labis na
pagkaubos ng mga puno at pagdami ng
populasyon ng tao kusang gumagawa ang
kalikasan ng paraan para maibalik ang
balanse sa
ecosystem nagkakaroon ng mga phenomenon
tulad ng elnino o labis na tag-init o l
ninya na labis naman ang pag-ulan kapag
sumasapit ang El niino humahaba ang
panahon ng tag-araw sanhi upang matuyo
ng sobra ang mga ilog at mawalan ng tira
ang mga isda natutuyo rin ang mga
pananim at nagkukulang ang suplay ng
pagkain para sa mga malalaking
populasyon at nagbubunga ng pagmahal na
mga bilihin pangatlo ay ang atic
perspective God saw everything that he
made and Indeed it was very good Genesis
chap 1 ver
31 i
landscapes or that a wild flower
blooming or the joyful call of a bird or
the majestic Heights of a tree or the
graceful flight of a
butterfly for I am part of God's
creation too therefore I believe that
beauty lies in me and in
you
bravo marami tayong organisms na talaga
namang pang tourist attraction at tayo
lang ang meron
ang pangapat ay ang ethical perspective
ito ay ang makatarungang pagtrato natin
sa ating kapaligiran bilang tayo na rin
na makikinabang o mawawalan dapat ay
matutunan rin nating magpahalaga at
alagaan ang ating
kalikasan isipin niyo na lang kapag Iisa
na lang Ang puno sa park kapag kalbo na
ang kagubatan at kapag tuluyan ng madumi
ang karagatan
Saan titira Ang mga hayop ano na lang
ang kakainin ng mga baka pag wala ng
damo Paano na lamang ang mga
isda Ba't
umiiyak kasi naisip ko yung mga sinasabi
mo Paano na tayo
non
thank totoo yan kapag hindi nag bukas
ang a is para alagaan ang ating
kalikasan at pawang pansarili lamang na
kapakanan ng ating inuuna dahil tayo ay
karugtong sa isang ecosystem siguradong
apektado rin tayo sa Extinction kaya ang
panghuli ay tinatawag na evolutionary
perspective dahil sa mga patunay na ang
mga species ay related sa isa't isa o
mayroon tayong tinatawag na common
ancestors base ito sa mga ebidensyang
ipinakita ng Fossil red records
embryonic development evidence and
structure at evidence sa biochemical
level the Philippines is an archaic
country with
7,107 Islands and islets covering an
estimated land area of about 30 million
hectares internationally it is
considered as one of the 17 megga
diversity countries that contain about
23d or 80% of our planet's biological
wealth
as one of the most diverse in terms of
biological wealth the Philippines is
home to about
53,000 known organisms in the
world talaga alam mo yun
memorized Tama si Miss Philippines sa
katunayan ayon sa librong The Philippine
biodiversity conservation priorities
pumapangalawa tayo sa Madagascar sa dami
ng species na nabubuhay sa ating bansa
ngunit mas marami ang populason natin
kumpara sa Madagascar nakakaranas tayo
ng mas malalakas na bagyo at mas
malalang pagbabaha bungsod na rin sa
pangaabuso natin sa
Kalikasan ang kawalan ng mga puno dahil
sa labis sa pagmimina at pagtotroso sa
mga bundok at sa kagubatan kapag Lumipas
ang sakuna Mas maraming tao ang naiiwang
wala at naghihirap
Kapag tayo ay kinakapos Ano nga bang
magandang solusyon to conserve Yes And
what do you mean by conservation
biodiversity conservation is defined as
a social process that strives toward
wise use of resources and maintenance of
the Resource conservation process
involves three components the scientific
socioeconomic and Management sectors
perfect score ka na talaga sa question
financer portion Miss
Philippines there are two major
approaches to conserve
biodiversity ang una ay ang incu
approach o ang pagtatalaga ng mga
protected areas and biodiversity
corridors at present approximately
8,500 protected areas exist throughout
the world in 169 countries covering
about 750 million hectares of marine and
terrestrial ecosystems ang pangalawa ay
ang ex2 approach o ang tutuon ng mas
agarang solusyon para sa mga partikular
na genes o species halimbawa ng mga ex2
conservation facilities ay ang mga
botanic Gardens seed bank tulad ng irri
o International Rice Research Institute
seed bank Gene banks tulad ng
erdb o ecosystem research and
development Bureau bambusetum r tatan
Jee bank at Philippine carabo Jee bank
captive breeding centers Center for
Philippine Raptors at zoos and aquaria
tulad ng avelon Zoo Malabon Zoo at
Manila Ocean Park ibig sabihin may mga
lugar sa Pilipinas na hindi maaaring
tirikan ng tahanan at pasukin ng
malalaking industriya para pagkakitaan
dito malaya ang mga hayop at halamang
tumubo ngunit hindi pa rin ito sapat
dahil sa limitadong espasyo kakulangan
ng resources at hindi pakikiisa ng
nakakarami sa atin
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