Mengenal Hukum (Nilai, Azas dan Norma) - Seri Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Bag 2

Summary

This video introduces the basic concepts of law, focusing on values, principles, and norms, and how they differ from each other. Values represent the quality of an object, such as moral values like justice or cooperation. Principles are guiding operational values for norms, serving as meta-norms that exist outside specific rules, often used to resolve conflicts between norms. Norms, in contrast, are concrete, binding rules set by authorities with sanctions. The video also touches on universal and local applications of values, principles, and norms within legal systems.

Takeaways

• 📜 Hukum adalah pedoman bagi perilaku subjeknya, terdiri dari nilai, asas, dan norma.
• 💰 Nilai adalah kualitas dari suatu objek yang dapat berbeda meskipun memiliki ukuran atau bentuk yang sama, seperti uang dengan nominal berbeda.
• 🕰️ Nilai juga dapat bervariasi tergantung pada konteks waktu, misalnya daya beli uang pada tahun 1960 berbeda dengan tahun 2020.
• ⚖️ Nilai tidak selalu dapat diukur secara kuantitatif; nilai-nilai seperti keadilan dan persatuan diukur dengan rasa dan pengalaman.
• 📐 Asas adalah panduan operasional dari norma dan merupakan meta-norma yang berada di luar norma konkret.
• 📜 Beberapa asas dapat diubah menjadi rumusan teks undang-undang, seperti asas nullum delictum nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali dalam hukum pidana.
• ⚖️ Asas hukum membantu menyelesaikan konflik antar-norma, seperti asas lex specialis derogat legi generali yang menyatakan aturan khusus mengesampingkan aturan umum.
• 🌍 Asas hukum lebih universal daripada nilai dan norma, karena nilai dipengaruhi oleh moralitas lokal dan norma lebih bersifat lokal.
• 📚 Norma adalah aturan konkret yang berisi perintah, larangan, dan sanksi yang ditetapkan oleh otoritas dan mengikat secara lokal.
• 🎯 Nilai, asas, dan norma berbeda dalam tingkat abstraksi dan universalitas: nilai lebih abstrak, asas lebih universal, dan norma lebih konkret.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video?

The video discusses the concepts of values, principles (asas), and norms in legal studies, explaining their definitions, differences, and roles in the legal system.

What is a 'value' according to the video?

A 'value' refers to the quality of an object, which can be quantified or measured in terms of its impact or importance. The video uses examples such as the value of money and qualities like kindness, justice, and cooperation to illustrate this.

Can you provide an example of how the value of money can change over time?

Yes, the video provides an example comparing the purchasing power of Rp100,000 in 1960 and in 2020. In 1960, Rp100,000 could buy two cows, while in 2020 it could only buy one kilogram of beef, showing a decrease in value over time.

How does the video define 'principles' or 'asas' in legal terms?

Principles (asas) are described as values that serve as operational guidelines for norms. They are meta-norms, meaning they exist outside of specific norms but guide their application and interpretation.

What is an example of a principle that has been incorporated into law?

An example is the principle 'nullum delictum nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali,' which means that a person cannot be punished without first being subject to criminal law. This principle is embedded in Article 1, Paragraph 1 of the Indonesian Criminal Code.

What is the function of legal principles in resolving conflicts between norms?

Legal principles help resolve conflicts between norms. For example, the principle 'lex specialis derogat legi generali' means that a specific law overrides a general law, and 'lex posterior derogat legi priori' means that newer laws override older ones.

What is the difference between values, principles, and norms based on their level of abstraction?

Values are the most abstract, principles are less abstract but still general, and norms are the most concrete, as they provide specific rules that are binding and enforceable.

How do values, principles, and norms differ in terms of universality?

Principles are the most universal, as they often apply across legal systems. Values are less universal, as they can be influenced by local morality. Norms are the least universal, as their validity depends on local authority and societal legitimacy.

What role do norms play in the legal system?

Norms consist of rules that contain commands, prohibitions, and permissions, established by a recognized authority. They are binding and include sanctions for violations.

What will the next part of the video series discuss?

The next part of the series will discuss the legal system and legal pluralism, building upon the concepts of values, principles, and norms introduced in this part.