Persebaran Zona Fauna Dunia ‼️ Australis, Ethiopian, Neartik, Neotropik, Oriental, Paleartik

LENSA BUMI

16 Jan 202307:56

Summary

TLDRThis video introduces viewers to the distribution of animal species, or fauna, across different regions of the world. It highlights how various animals have adapted to their environments and the factors that influence their distribution. The video mentions Alfred Russel Wallace's classification of global fauna into different zones, such as Australis, Ethiopian, Neartic, and others. Each zone features distinctive species like kangaroos, elephants, piranhas, and pandas. The video aims to enhance viewers' knowledge about the diversity of wildlife and encourages further exploration of unique animal facts in future episodes.

Takeaways

🌍 The video discusses the global distribution of fauna and how different species are spread across various regions of the world.
🐾 Fauna, or animal species, are diverse and widespread, with more than 1.5 million species identified globally according to Wikipedia Indonesia.
🌿 No place on Earth is entirely uninhabited by fauna, including remote areas like the Mariana Trench, Mount Everest, and the Amazon rainforest.
🌡️ The distribution of fauna is influenced by environmental factors such as climate, geography, and habitat characteristics, which shape the physiological traits of animals.
🇦🇺 The Australis Zone includes regions like Australia, New Zealand, Papua, and nearby islands, with species like kangaroos, koalas, kiwi, and cassowaries.
🌍 The Ethiopian Zone covers sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and parts of Saudi Arabia, home to animals such as African elephants, zebras, lions, and the Nile hippopotamus.
❄️ The Nearctic Zone, including North America and Greenland, features animals adapted to colder climates, such as bison, musk ox, and wild turkeys.
🦎 The Neotropical Zone encompasses South America and parts of Mexico, with diverse species like piranhas, tapirs, and monkeys.
🐅 The Oriental Zone covers Southeast and South Asia, where tropical rainforests support species like tigers, orangutans, and rhinoceroses.
🐼 The Palearctic Zone stretches across Europe, Russia, and northern Asia, with species like pandas, polar bears, and Arctic foxes.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?
-The video focuses on the distribution and classification of fauna (animals) across different regions of the world, as well as their unique characteristics.
How many animal species have been identified worldwide according to the video?
-According to the video, more than one and a half million animal species have been identified globally, with an estimated total of around 7 million species having existed throughout history.
Who was Alfred Russel Wallace, as mentioned in the video?
-Alfred Russel Wallace was a naturalist who developed a system for classifying the distribution of animals across different regions of the world.
Which regions are included in the Australis zone?
-The Australis zone includes Australia, New Zealand, Papua in Indonesia, and surrounding islands. This zone has a tropical to temperate climate.
What are some of the characteristic animals found in the Australis zone?
-Characteristic animals in the Australis zone include kangaroos, kiwis, koalas, platypuses, cassowaries, and various birds like cockatoos and birds of paradise.
Which regions are part of the Ethiopian zone?
-The Ethiopian zone includes Africa south of the Sahara, Madagascar, and southern parts of Saudi Arabia.
What animals are typical of the Ethiopian zone?
-Typical animals in the Ethiopian zone include African elephants, rhinos, baboons, zebras, antelopes, lions, hippos, and pangolins.
What kind of climate is found in the Neartic zone?
-The Neartic zone, which covers North America, Greenland, and areas near the Arctic, has a polar climate with long winters and short summers.
What is unique about the fauna in the Neotropics zone?
-The Neotropics zone, which includes South America and parts of Mexico, is home to highly diverse vertebrates such as piranhas, electric eels, llamas, tapirs, and monkeys.
What is the general climate and fauna found in the Paleartic zone?
-The Paleartic zone, which includes most of Europe, Russia, and parts of Africa and Asia, has diverse climates ranging from polar to temperate. Characteristic animals include pandas, polar bears, reindeer, and various species of deer and canines.

Outlines

00:00

🌍 Introduction to Fauna Distribution Across the World

The video begins by welcoming viewers and introducing the main topic: the distribution of animals (fauna) around the world. It emphasizes the diversity of life on Earth, with animals being a major component of living species. According to Wikipedia Indonesia, over 1.5 million species of animals have been identified, with an estimated 7 million having lived on Earth throughout history. Fauna can be found in almost every corner of the planet, even in the most remote places like the Mariana Trench, Everest, or the Amazon rainforest. The discussion highlights that many areas remain unexplored due to technological limitations, leaving numerous mysteries about Earth's wildlife unsolved. The adaptability of animals to their environments is a key factor in their survival and reproduction.

05:02

🌏 Australasian Fauna Zone

The first animal distribution zone introduced is the Australasian zone, which includes Australia, New Zealand, Papua in Indonesia, and nearby islands. This region has a tropical climate with distinct dry and rainy seasons, while some areas experience temperate climates. Notable animals in this zone include marsupials like kangaroos and koalas, along with unique birds like the kiwi, cassowary, and cockatoo. The region also hosts reptiles such as crocodiles, turtles, and pythons. The Australasian fauna zone is highlighted for its rich and distinct wildlife.

🌍 Ethiopian Fauna Zone

Next is the Ethiopian zone, encompassing Africa south of the Sahara Desert, Madagascar, and parts of southern Saudi Arabia. This zone features tropical rainforests, arid climates, and warm rain seasons. Iconic animals in this region include the African elephant, African rhino, baboon, zebra, antelope, and lion. Endemic species like the hippopotamus (found in the Nile River and Madagascar) are also noted. Additionally, the Ethiopian zone shares some fauna with the Oriental region, such as cats, squirrels, bats, and dogs.

❄️ Nearctic Fauna Zone

The Nearctic zone covers North America, including the United States, northern regions like Greenland, and parts of the Arctic. This region experiences a polar climate with long winters and short summers. Notable animals include the wild turkey, pocket mice, bison, muskox, and mountain sheep. Some species overlap with the Palearctic region, such as rabbits, dogs, cats, and squirrels. The harsh climate shapes the region’s unique wildlife.

🌴 Neotropical Fauna Zone

The Neotropical zone spans South America and parts of Mexico, featuring mostly tropical climates with some temperate areas in the south. Endemic animals in this region include the piranha and electric eel of the Amazon River, as well as llamas in the Atacama Desert. Other unique species include the tapir and the red-nosed monkey. This zone is renowned for its rich diversity of vertebrate species, including monkeys, armadillos, reptiles like crocodiles and snakes, birds, and vampire bats.

🌿 Oriental Fauna Zone

The Oriental zone includes Southeast Asia, South Asia, and parts of western Indonesia. This region is characterized by a tropical climate with extensive rainforests. The video mentions iconic animals such as tigers, orangutans, gibbons, deer, banteng, and the one- and two-horned rhinoceros. Various species of reptiles, freshwater, and marine fish are also present. This region shares some fauna with the Ethiopian zone, including cats, dogs, monkeys, elephants, and rhinoceroses.

🐼 Palearctic Fauna Zone

The Palearctic zone is vast, covering almost all of Europe, Russia, the Arctic region, the Himalayas, and parts of northern Africa. Key species include the giant panda in China, camels in North Africa, and Arctic animals like reindeer, polar bears, and Arctic foxes. Other animals like rabbits, various species of dogs, bats, squirrels, and deer also inhabit the region. The Palearctic fauna zone encompasses a wide variety of climates, influencing the diverse range of animals found here.

📚 Conclusion: Fauna Classification and Exploration

The video concludes by summarizing the global classification of animal distribution zones as outlined by Alfred Russel Wallace. These classifications offer a broad overview of the fauna across different regions of the world. The video promises to explore the unique characteristics and facts about these animals in more detail in future videos, encouraging viewers to continue learning about the diverse fauna that inhabit our planet.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Fauna

Fauna refers to all the animal life present in a particular region or time. In the video, fauna is discussed as one of the most diverse groups of living beings, with over one and a half million identified species. The video emphasizes how fauna are distributed across the globe and how their survival is closely tied to their environment.

💡Adaptation

Adaptation refers to the process by which organisms adjust to their environment in order to survive and reproduce. The video highlights that fauna adapt physiologically and behaviorally to different climates and habitats, like kangaroos in Australia or penguins in cold zones. These adaptations enable them to thrive in diverse regions across the world.

💡Alfred Russel Wallace

Alfred Russel Wallace was a naturalist who co-developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. In the video, he is mentioned as the person who first classified the global distribution of fauna into different zones based on their habitats and ecological characteristics. This classification helps us understand the geographic distribution of species.

💡Biogeographic Zones

Biogeographic zones are regions of the world that are defined by their distinct types of flora and fauna. The video explains several zones like Australis, Ethiopian, Neartic, and Neotropical, showing how different species are distributed across these areas based on climate and geography. Each zone hosts unique species, like kangaroos in the Australis zone and zebras in the Ethiopian zone.

💡Australis Zone

The Australis zone includes regions like Australia, New Zealand, Papua, and nearby islands. It is known for its tropical and temperate climates, which support unique species like kangaroos, koalas, and platypuses. The video uses this zone to illustrate how geographical isolation has led to the evolution of distinctive fauna.

💡Ethiopian Zone

The Ethiopian zone covers Africa south of the Sahara, Madagascar, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. This zone is characterized by tropical rainforests and savannahs, home to iconic species such as elephants, rhinos, and lions. The video emphasizes how climate and environmental conditions shape the diversity of animals in this zone.

💡Neotropic Zone

The Neotropic zone encompasses South America and parts of Central America and Mexico. The region has tropical and temperate climates and is famous for its rich biodiversity, including species like piranhas and electric eels in the Amazon River. The video highlights how this zone is known for its wide variety of vertebrates, including unique mammals, reptiles, and birds.

💡Oriental Zone

The Oriental zone includes South and Southeast Asia, and part of western Indonesia. This tropical region hosts a rich diversity of fauna, including tigers, orangutans, and gibbons. The video points out how the warm, tropical climate contributes to the lush rainforests and rich biodiversity found in this zone.

💡Paleartic Zone

The Paleartic zone covers a vast area including Europe, northern Asia, and parts of northern Africa. The climate varies widely across this zone, and it is home to species such as pandas in China, camels in northern Africa, and polar animals like reindeer and polar bears. The video uses this zone to show how fauna adapt to different climatic conditions, from temperate regions to the Arctic.

💡Habitat

Habitat refers to the natural environment where a species lives. The video emphasizes that the distribution of fauna is heavily influenced by habitat, which in turn is shaped by factors like climate, geography, and available resources. For instance, animals like polar bears are adapted to cold Arctic habitats, while tropical rainforests support species like jaguars and sloths.

Highlights

Introduction to the channel 'Lensa Bumi' providing knowledge about the distribution of fauna across the world.

More than 1.5 million living species of fauna have been identified worldwide, with around 7 million species believed to have existed historically.

Fauna are found in nearly every corner of the Earth, including remote regions like the Mariana Trench, Mount Everest, and the Amazon.

The distribution of fauna is influenced by natural factors such as climate, environment, and habitat conditions.

Alfred Russel Wallace's classification of fauna into different zones based on geography and climate.

The Australis zone covers Australia, New Zealand, Papua, and surrounding islands, characterized by tropical and temperate climates.

Typical fauna of the Australis zone include kangaroos, kiwis, koalas, platypuses, and unique bird species like the cassowary and cockatoo.

The Ethiopian zone includes regions like Africa south of the Sahara, Madagascar, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula, with a tropical to warm climate.

Characteristic animals of the Ethiopian zone include African elephants, rhinos, baboons, zebras, lions, and endemic species like the Nile hippopotamus.

The Neartic zone covers North America, Greenland, and areas near the North Pole, characterized by a polar climate with extended winters.

Fauna of the Neartic zone include wild turkeys, bison, muskoxen, and mountain sheep, along with some species shared with the Paleartic zone.

The Neotropic zone spans South America and parts of Mexico, known for its tropical climate and high biodiversity.

Endemic fauna of the Neotropic zone include piranhas, electric eels, tapirs, red-nosed monkeys, and a variety of reptiles and vertebrates.

The Oriental zone encompasses Southeast Asia, South Asia, and parts of Indonesia, marked by a tropical climate and rainforests.

Characteristic fauna of the Oriental zone include tigers, orangutans, gibbons, rhinos, elephants, and a wide variety of reptiles and birds.