Stroke CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) Hemorrhagic, Ischemic NCLEX RN & LPN NURSING

Summary

This video explains strokes, or cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), focusing on their causes, types, and key risk factors. Strokes occur when the brain lacks oxygen, often due to blood clots or ruptured blood vessels. It discusses transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), minor strokes that resolve quickly, and more serious strokes like ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Hypertension, especially systolic blood pressure over 140, is highlighted as the leading risk factor for strokes. Proper management of hypertension can significantly reduce stroke risk. The video also emphasizes the importance of gradual blood pressure reduction post-stroke.

Takeaways

• 🧠 Strokes, also known as CVAs, occur when the brain lacks oxygen, often due to a clot in a blood vessel.
• 🌪️ TIA stands for Transient Ischemic Attack, which is a temporary stroke caused by a brief lack of oxygen.
• 🔍 The medical term 'transient' means lasting only a short time, 'ischemic' refers to the lack of oxygen, and 'attack' indicates a sudden event.
• 🚫 TIA symptoms typically resolve on their own and are not permanent.
• 🩸 Other types of strokes are more serious and permanent, including CVAs which involve long-term damage due to oxygen deprivation.
• 🔄 There are two types of CVAs: ischemic, caused by a blood clot, and hemorrhagic, caused by a ruptured blood vessel.
• 🌡️ Hypertension, with a systolic reading over 140, is the number one risk factor for strokes.
• 💊 Taking anti-hypertensive medications regularly can reduce the risk of stroke by up to 50%.
• ✈️ For stroke patients with hypertension, it's crucial to lower blood pressure slowly over 24 to 48 hours to prevent hypotension.
• 📚 SimpleNursing.com offers study materials, including practice questions and video rationales, to help students prepare for nursing exams.

Q & A

What is a stroke (CVA) and how does it occur?

A stroke, also called a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), occurs when the brain lacks oxygen, typically due to a clot in a blood vessel that cuts off the oxygen supply to the brain. Strokes can also be caused by narrowed blood vessels or a ruptured vessel, such as in an aneurysm.

What is a TIA, and how is it different from a CVA?

A TIA, or transient ischemic attack, is a 'tiny stroke' that occurs when there is a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain. Unlike CVAs, which cause permanent damage, TIAs are short-lived, often resolve on their own, and do not cause long-term damage.

What are the two types of CVAs?

The two types of CVAs are ischemic strokes, which occur due to a blood clot (embolic or thrombotic stroke), and hemorrhagic strokes, which result from a ruptured blood vessel, causing bleeding in the brain.

Why is hypertension a key risk factor for strokes?

Hypertension, particularly a systolic pressure over 140, is the most important risk factor for strokes. It can damage blood vessels in the brain, making them fragile and more prone to clots or rupture.

What can patients do to reduce the risk of a stroke?

Patients can reduce their risk of stroke by controlling hypertension. Regularly taking anti-hypertensive medications can decrease stroke risk by up to 50%.

Why is it important to lower blood pressure gradually after a stroke?

After a stroke, it's important to lower blood pressure gradually, especially if it's over 200 systolic, to avoid sudden drops that could lead to hypotension. This gradual reduction helps ensure a smooth recovery and prevents further complications.

What happens to brain tissue during a stroke?

During a stroke, brain tissue dies due to a lack of oxygen. This can occur when blood flow is interrupted by a clot or when a blood vessel ruptures, leading to long-term or permanent damage in the case of a CVA.

What is an embolic stroke?

An embolic stroke is a type of ischemic stroke caused by a blood clot (embolus) that travels to the brain and blocks blood flow, cutting off oxygen supply.

What is a hemorrhagic stroke and what causes it?

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding. This can increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and is often associated with conditions like aneurysms.

How does uncontrolled hypertension affect the brain’s blood vessels?

Uncontrolled hypertension can stretch and weaken the blood vessels in the brain, making them more fragile and prone to rupture or clot formation, which increases the risk of strokes.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Understanding Strokes (CVA) and Oxygen Deprivation

A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when the brain lacks oxygen. This is typically due to a blood clot that cuts off oxygen supply to the brain, causing tissue death. Strokes can also result from narrowed blood vessels, often due to atherosclerosis, or from a ruptured vessel in the brain (aneurysm). The paragraph introduces different types of strokes, emphasizing the brain's need for oxygen and the consequences when deprived.

💡 Types of Strokes: TIA vs. CVA

The paragraph explains the distinction between a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and a full-blown cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A TIA, often referred to as a 'mini-stroke,' involves a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain, causing symptoms that resolve on their own. By contrast, a CVA leads to permanent brain damage. The paragraph also introduces two main types of CVA: ischemic stroke (caused by a blood clot) and hemorrhagic stroke (caused by a ruptured blood vessel).

⚠️ Hypertension: The Key Risk Factor

Hypertension (high blood pressure), particularly systolic pressure over 140 mmHg, is identified as the primary risk factor for strokes. The paragraph stresses the importance of controlling hypertension to reduce the risk of a stroke by up to 50%. It mentions preparation for nursing exams, advising students to focus on hypertension as the main risk factor, while also hinting at additional study resources.

🩺 Stroke Prevention and Patient Education

This section focuses on stroke prevention through patient education. Patients are encouraged to take their antihypertensive medications regularly to lower stroke risk. The paragraph reinforces the importance of controlling systolic blood pressure, as both HESI and Kaplan identify hypertension as the leading cause of strokes.

🚨 Managing Hypertension Post-Stroke

For patients recovering from a stroke with high blood pressure (over 200 systolic), it's critical to lower the blood pressure slowly, avoiding any drastic drops that could lead to hypotension. This controlled approach is compared to landing a plane slowly and smoothly to prevent complications.

📲 Study Tools for Nursing Exams

The final paragraph encourages viewers to explore study tools like a new app-based NCLEX product. It highlights the app’s features, such as practice questions, video rationales, and comprehensive resources like cheat sheets, videos, and study guides. The paragraph ends with a call to action to subscribe and try the free trial of these resources.

Keywords

💡Stroke

A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when the brain lacks oxygen, either due to a blood clot blocking a vessel (ischemic stroke) or the rupture of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). In the video, the concept of a stroke is central, with explanations on how it leads to brain tissue death if not addressed quickly.

💡Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A CVA refers to a more serious type of stroke that causes permanent brain damage. It results from either a blockage (ischemic) or a rupture (hemorrhagic) of blood vessels. The video highlights the long-term impact of CVAs and how they differ from transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), which are temporary.

💡Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A TIA, or transient ischemic attack, is described as a 'tiny stroke' that results from a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain. Unlike CVAs, TIAs resolve on their own and do not cause permanent damage. The video breaks down the term 'transient' to highlight the temporary nature of the condition.

💡Ischemic Stroke

An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks oxygen supply to the brain. The video describes this type of stroke as either thrombotic (a clot in the brain) or embolic (a clot that travels to the brain), emphasizing its significance in causing tissue death.

💡Hemorrhagic Stroke

A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, leading to bleeding and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). This type of stroke is highlighted in the video as a medical emergency due to the potential for rapid deterioration.

💡Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is presented as the leading risk factor for strokes. The video stresses the importance of controlling systolic blood pressure (especially above 140 mmHg) to prevent strokes, with tips on how managing hypertension reduces stroke risk by 50%.

💡Aneurysm

An aneurysm is a weakened blood vessel that can burst, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. In the video, aneurysms are discussed as one of the causes of strokes when they rupture, causing bleeding in the brain and high intracranial pressure.

💡Blood Clot

A blood clot is a key cause of ischemic strokes. The video explains how clots block blood flow, cutting off oxygen supply to brain tissues, leading to ischemic strokes such as thrombotic or embolic strokes.

💡Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) results from conditions like hemorrhagic strokes, where bleeding causes pressure to rise inside the skull. The video warns of the dangers associated with high ICP following a stroke, emphasizing its role in causing further brain injury.

💡Antihypertensive Medication

Antihypertensive medications are drugs used to manage high blood pressure. The video stresses the importance of patients taking these medications regularly to prevent strokes, especially in those with hypertension. Proper medication adherence can reduce the risk of a stroke by half.

Highlights

Strokes are caused by a lack of oxygen in the brain, typically due to a clot in a blood vessel.

Strokes can also be caused by narrowed blood vessels or a ruptured vessel (aneurysm).

TIA stands for Transient Ischemic Attack, which is a temporary stroke.

TIAs are characterized by a sudden, short-term lack of oxygen.

CVA (Cerebral Vascular Accident) is more serious and involves long-term, permanent damage.

There are two types of CVAs: Ischemic and Hemorrhagic.

Ischemic strokes are caused by low oxygen due to a blood clot.

Hemorrhagic strokes result from bleeding in the brain due to a ruptured blood vessel.

Hypertension is the number one risk factor for strokes.

Controlling hypertension can reduce the risk of stroke by up to 50%.

SimpleNursing.com offers an app with high-quality practice questions and video rationales.

The app includes a library of over 1,000 videos and study guides.

For stroke recovery, it's important to manage blood pressure carefully.

Keeping diastolic blood pressure over 170 for the first 24-48 hours after a stroke can prevent hypotension.

Landing blood pressure slowly is compared to landing a plane to prevent crashing into hypotension.

SimpleNursing.com is trusted by over 100,000 students for their educational needs.

The video concludes with a call to action for viewers to access a free trial and subscribe to the YouTube channel.

Transcripts

[Applause]

[Music]

Strokes also called a CVA is what

happens when the brain lacks oxygen

typically due to a clot in a blood

vessel which cuts off oxygen supply to

the brain so just like any organ without

oxygen the brain begins to die but

Strokes can also be caused by narrowed

blood vessels

which decreases oxygen delivery to the

brain like an atherosclerosis or even

sudden rupture of a vessel in the brain

known as an aneurysm either way the

brain lacks oxygen and tissues die now

for the type of Strokes we have Tia

known as a transient esic attack which I

remember Tia as a tiny stroke since we

have a tiny lack of oxygen now breaking

down the medical terminology transient

means lasting only a short time es schic

means the lack of oxygen and attack

means it happens suddenly but tias come

and go and often resolve by themselves

now the other types of Strokes are more

permanent so a CVA a cerebral vascular

accident just think cvas are more

serious we have no oxygen which means

long-term permanent damage now there are

two types of

cvas es schic meaning that low oxygen

typically from from a blood clot that

cuts off oxygen supply also called

embolic or thrombotic stroke and a

hemorrhagic stroke like an aneurysm so

bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel

resulting in high risk for increased ICP

now the number one risk factor and cause

to know for the enlex and nursing exams

write this down is

hypertension over 140 SI stolic this one

was stressed as the single most

important risk factor to pre vent a

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started for

free so the key term for prevention was

to instruct the patient to take their

anti-hypertensive medications regularly

since the stroke risk can be decrease by

up to 50% when hypertension is

controlled so hessie mentions the

highest risk for a stroke was that

hypertension over 140 cystolic and

Kaplan says that hypertension was the

highest risk factor for a CVA well why

though well think of the patho here

uncontrolled hypertension pounds those

little blood vessels inside the brain

stretching them out and making them very

fragile now a tricky enlex question for

a client recovering from a stroke with

hypertension over 200 cystolic the

intervention was to keep the cystolic

blood pressure over 170 for the first 24

to 48 hours this makes sure we lower the

pressure slowly sort of like Landing a

plane we land it slow and smooth no big

drops this prevents us from crashing

into hypotension so remember we need to

land that plane slow and steady thanks

for watching for our full video and new

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your free trial and please consider

subscribing to our YouTube channel last

but not least a big thanks to our team

of experts helping us make these great

videos all right guys see you next time

[Music]