Clasicismo griego
Summary
TLDRThis video explores the characteristics and periods of ancient Greek classical literature, considered the first universal literary movement in the Western world. It is marked by myth-inspired works, inevitable fate, and a pursuit of beauty through harmony. The script delves into the four periods: the archaic, classical, Hellenistic, and Latin, highlighting key figures like Homer, Hesiod, and playwrights of tragedy and comedy. It emphasizes the enduring influence of Greek literature on Western culture, with Virgil's 'Aeneid' exemplifying its impact.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ Classical Greek literature is considered the most important of the 5th century BC and is part of the first universal literary movement in the Western world, influencing Greece and Rome during antiquity.
- 📚 The works are inspired by myths, often revolving around the Trojan or Theban cycle, with an inevitable sense of fate, exemplified by the story of Oedipus who is destined to kill his father.
- 🎨 Greek classical literature seeks beauty through harmony between form and content, with different styles suited to different genres such as epic, tragedy, and comedy.
- 📜 It has a didactic purpose, aiming to instill values, and is rational, with characters and gods driven by motives and reasons rather than miracles.
- 🧍♂️ Anthropomorphic elements are present, with characters, including gods, possessing human qualities such as the need for sustenance and psychological depth.
- 📅 Greek classical literature can be divided into four periods: the Archaic (Ionic), the Classical (Attic), the Hellenistic (Alexandrian), and the Latin period.
- 🎵 The Archaic period is characterized by oral and verse texts, with notable works like 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' attributed to the possibly mythical Homer.
- 🏛️ The Classical period saw the Persian Wars, with Greece's victory solidifying its hegemony in the West, and is known for the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes.
- 🎭 The Hellenistic period is marked by the decline of classical Greece and the rise of Roman power, with notable figures such as Menander and Theocritus.
- 🏟️ In the Latin period, despite Rome's dominance, Greek culture continued to influence, with Virgil writing the epic 'Aeneid' to give Rome its own Trojan cycle, commissioned by Emperor Augustus.
- 📝 Lyric poetry also flourished, with notable poets like Horace and Ovid emerging during the Latin period.
- 🌟 The significance of ancient Greek literature lies in its profound and lasting influence on Western and universal literature.
Q & A
What is the significance of Greek classical literature in the context of world literature?
-Greek classical literature is considered by the canon as the most important of its time and is defined as the first current of universal literature that developed in the West, in Greece and Rome, during the Ancient Age.
What are the main characteristics of Greek classical literature?
-Greek classical literature is characterized by its inspiration from myths, stories revolving around the Trojan or Theban cycle, the inevitability of fate, the pursuit of beauty through harmony between form and content, a didactic purpose, rationality, and anthropomorphism.
Why is the story of Oedipus significant in Greek classical literature?
-The story of Oedipus is significant because it exemplifies the theme of inevitable fate, as he is destined to kill his father, which ultimately happens despite the twists of the plot.
How does the style of Greek classical literature vary according to its genre?
-The style of Greek classical literature is determined by the theme, with the epic requiring elevated language, tragedy requiring solemn language, and comedy requiring colloquial language.
What is the 'Homeric Question' and why is it relevant?
-The 'Homeric Question' refers to the debate over whether both the 'Iliad' and the 'Odyssey' were written by Homer, which is relevant because there is doubt about Homer's existence and the authorship of these foundational works.
Which genres and authors are prominent in the archaic period of Greek literature?
-In the archaic period, the literature was characterized by oral and verse texts, with Homer's 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey' and Hesiod's 'Works and Days' and 'Theogony' being prominent, along with lyric poets Pindar and Sappho of Lesbos.
What historical events are associated with the Attic or classical period of Greek literature?
-The Attic or classical period is associated with the Persian Wars, where the Greeks defeated the Persians, consolidating their hegemony in the West. This period is known for the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes.
Why is the 'Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles particularly well-known?
-'Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles is particularly well-known because it is a masterpiece of Greek tragedy that explores themes of fate, free will, and the human condition.
What are the distinguishing features of the Hellenistic or Alexandrian period in Greek literature?
-The Hellenistic or Alexandrian period is marked by the decline of classical Greece and the rise of Roman power, with notable authors such as Menander and Theocritus emerging during this time.
How did Roman culture influence the Latin period of Greek literature?
-In the Latin period, despite Rome's political dominance, Greek culture remained dominant. Notable authors like Virgil, who wrote the epic 'Aeneid' at the behest of Emperor Augustus, and lyric poets Horace and Ovid, contributed to the continuation of Greek literary influence.
What is the lasting impact of ancient Greek literature on Western and universal literature?
-Ancient Greek literature has had a determinant influence on Western and universal literature, shaping themes, genres, and narrative techniques that are still prevalent today.
Outlines
📜 Introduction to Greek Classical Literature
This paragraph introduces the topic of Greek classical literature, emphasizing its significance as the first major literary movement recognized by the Western canon. It outlines the defining characteristics of this literature, such as its inspiration from myths, the inevitability of fate in its narratives, the pursuit of beauty through harmony between form and content, and its didactic purpose to instill values. The paragraph also highlights the rational and anthropomorphic nature of Greek literature, where gods and characters act based on motives and reasons, and possess human-like qualities. The Greek classical period is divided into four distinct phases: the Archaic, the Classical, the Hellenistic, and the Latin periods.
🎭 The Archaic and Classical Phases of Greek Literature
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of the Archaic and Classical phases of Greek literature. The Archaic phase is characterized by oral and verse texts, with 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' by Homer being the standout works, though there is debate over his existence, known as 'The Homeric Question'. Hesiod is also mentioned for his works 'Works and Days' and 'Theogony'. Lyric poetry is represented by Pindar and Sappho of Lesbos, with the latter's name giving rise to the term 'lesbianism'. Moving to the Classical phase, the paragraph discusses the Persian Wars and the consolidation of Greek hegemony in the West. This period is known for the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes, with 'Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles being particularly famous.
🏛 The Hellenistic and Latin Phases and Their Notable Figures
The third and final paragraph covers the Hellenistic and Latin phases of Greek literature. The Hellenistic phase is marked by the decline of classical Greece and the rise of Roman power, following the death of Alexander the Great and the suicides of Cleopatra and Mark Antony. Menander and Theocritus are highlighted as prominent figures of this period. In the Latin phase, despite Rome's political dominance, Greek culture remains dominant. Virgil is noted for writing the epic 'Aeneid' at the behest of Emperor Augustus, aiming to give Rome its own Trojan cycle and cultural identity. Lyric poets Horace and Ovid are also recognized for their contributions. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the enduring influence of ancient Greek literature on Western and universal literature.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Classical Greek Literature
💡Canon
💡Mythology
💡Oedipus
💡Harmony
💡Didactic
💡Rational
💡Anthropomorphic
💡Archaic Period
💡Classical Period
💡Hellenistic Period
💡Latin Period
Highlights
La literatura clásica griega es considerada por el canon como la más importante de la época.
La literatura griega clásica se define como la primera corriente de la literatura universal en Occidente.
Las obras de esta literatura se inspiran en mitos y giran alrededor del ciclo troyano o tebano.
El destino es un tema inevitable en las historias de la literatura clásica griega, ejemplificado por Edipo.
La búsqueda de la belleza a través de la armonía entre forma y fondo es una característica clave.
El estilo literario está determinado por el tema, con lenguaje elevado para la epopeya, solemne para la tragedia y coloquial para la comedia.
La literatura griega clásica tiene un fin didáctico y un afán de inculcar valores.
Es racional, donde los personajes y dioses actúan por motivos y razones, todo está sistematizado.
La antropomorfía es presente en la literatura clásica griega, con dioses y personajes que poseen cualidades humanas.
El clasicismo griego se divide en cuatro periodos: arcaico, ático, alejandrino y latino.
La literatura arcaica se caracteriza por ser oral y en verso, destacando La Iliada y la Odisea atribuidas a Homero.
La cuestión homérica es el debate sobre si Homero escribió ambas obras.
Hesíodo es destacado por sus obras 'Los Trabajos y los días' y 'Teogonía'.
La etapa ática o clásica se caracteriza por la consolidación del poderío griego tras las guerras médicas.
La tragedia es destacada por Esquilo, Sófocles y Eurípides, y la comedia por Aristófanes.
La obra 'Edipo Rey' de Sófocles es una de las más conocidas de esta etapa.
La etapa alejandrina marca el declive de la Grecia Clásica y el ascenso del poder romano.
Menandro y Teócrito sobresalen en la literatura de la etapa alejandrina.
A pesar de la hegemonía romana, la cultura dominante en la etapa latina sigue siendo griega.
Virgilio es destacado por escribir 'La Eneida', una obra épica por encargo del emperador Augusto.
En la lírica latina, Horacio y Ovidio son destacados por su contribución a la literatura.
La literatura griega de la Antigüedad ha influido determinantemente en la literatura occidental y universal.
Transcripts
Hola amigos de Youtube,
hoy veremos las características y periodos
de la literatura clásica griega.
Aunque no es la única literatura de antes del siglo V,
La literatura clásica griega es considerada por el canon
como la más importante de la época.
La definiremos como la primera corriente
de la literatura universal,
la cual se desarrolló en Occidente, en Grecia y Roma,
durante la Edad Antigua.
Tiene las siguientes características:
Las obras se inspiran en mitos.
Sus historias giran alrededor del ciclo troyano o ciclo tebano.
El destino es inevitable en sus historias.
Destaca Edipo, quien es destinado a matar a su padre
y con todo los giros de la trama,
esto llega a suceder inevitablemente.
La búsqueda de la belleza mediante
la armonía entre forma y fondo:
El estilo está determinado por el tema.
Por ejemplo, la epopeya requiere un lenguaje elevado;
la tragedia, un lenguaje solemne
y la comedia, un lenguaje coloquial.
La literatura griega clásica tiene también
un fin didáctico ya que posee un afán de inculcar valores.
Es racional:
Los dioses y personajes no se mueven casualmente ni de milagro,
sino a causa de motivos o razones, todo está sistematizado.
Esta literatura es también antropomórfica,
ya que sus personajes tienen cualidades humanas,
incluso los dioses tienen estas características,
ya que se alimentan,
beben e incluso tienen un mundo psicológico,
tal como los humanos
El clasicismo griego se puede dividir en cuatro periodos o etapas:
La etapa jónica o arcaica, la etapa ática o clásica,
la etapa alejandrina y la etapa latina
La literatura del periodo arcaico se caracterizó
porque sus textos eran orales y en verso,
sus poemas se entonaban a los dioses.
Resaltan de esta época
La Iliada y la Odisea, obras atribuidas a Homero,
de quien se duda su existencia.
A la discusión de si ambas obras fueron escritas por Homero,
se le denomina: "La cuestión homérica".
Destaca también en esta etapa Hesíodo con "Los Trabajos y los días" y "Teogonía".
Además en el género lírico encontramos a
Pindaro y Safo de Lesbos,
término del cual, por cierto, proviene la palabra lesbianismo.
En la etapa ática o clásica se producen las guerras médicas
entre Grecia y Persia, los griegos ganan
y consolidan su Hegemonia o poderío en Occidente.
De este periodo destaca la tragedia con
Esquilo, Sófocles y Eurípides; y la comedia con Aristófanes.
La obra que más conocemos de esta etapa es "Edipo Rey" de Sófocles.
La etapa alejandrina o helenística
es marcada por la muerte de Alejandro Magno
y el suicidio de Cleopatra y su amante Marco Antonio.
Esta etapa se caracteriza por el declive de la Grecia Clásica
y el ascenso del poder romano.
Sobresalen Menandro y Teócrito.
En la etapa latina, palabra que alude a Roma,
pese a que la hegemonía o el poder de occidente lo tiene justamente Roma,
que conquistó a Grecia; la cultura dominante sigue siendo de Grecia.
En esta etapa resalta el nombre de Virgilio
quien escribe la obra épica "La Eneida"
por encargo del emperador Augusto con el fin de que
Roma tenga su propio ciclo troyano, su propia literatura y cultura.
En la lírica se distingue a Horacio y Ovidio.
La literatura griega de la Antiguedad es importante
porque ha influido de manera determinante en
la literatura occidental y universal.
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