[Pengantar] Systematic Review dengan PRISMA Protocol

Summary

This script discusses systematic reviews and the PRISMA protocol for conducting and reporting them. It explains the importance of literature reviews in research, the difference between traditional and systematic reviews, and the benefits of systematic reviews for synthesizing research findings. It also touches on the application of systematic reviews in evaluating hypotheses, diagnostic tests, and health interventions.

Takeaways

• 🔍 The session focuses on systematic reviews, specifically using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.
• 📚 Systematic reviews are a method to identify, select, evaluate, and summarize findings from similar studies on a specific topic.
• 🔑 The importance of defining the research problem and conducting a literature review to gather data from primary and secondary sources is emphasized.
• 🧩 Traditional narrative reviews are contrasted with systematic reviews, highlighting the comprehensive and systematic approach of the latter.
• 🔎 The script discusses the benefits of systematic reviews, such as providing a more comprehensive and balanced view of the research topic.
• 📊 Systematic reviews can be quantitative (using meta-analysis) or qualitative (narrative synthesis), depending on the nature of the data.
• 🔗 The script mentions the use of online databases for literature search, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and others, to identify relevant studies.
• 🚫 PRISMA guidelines include clear criteria for study inclusion and exclusion, which are crucial for the systematic review process.
• 🔍 The PRISMA flow diagram is introduced as a tool to visualize the process of identifying, screening, and selecting studies for the review.
• 📝 The script outlines the steps involved in a systematic review, from planning and defining criteria to data extraction, quality assessment, and synthesis.
• 📈 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses play a significant role in evaluating hypotheses, diagnostic tests, treatments, and health interventions.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of conducting a systematic review?

The primary purpose of conducting a systematic review is to identify, select, evaluate, and summarize findings from studies relevant to a specific research question, providing a comprehensive and balanced synthesis of the evidence.

What are the key differences between a traditional review and a systematic review?

A traditional review is generally less structured, often lacks comprehensiveness, and may be biased towards selecting studies that align with the reviewer’s opinions. A systematic review, on the other hand, follows a structured protocol (like PRISMA), applies clear criteria for study inclusion, and aims to reduce bias by thoroughly evaluating all relevant studies.

How does meta-analysis relate to systematic reviews?

Meta-analysis is a statistical method used within systematic reviews to quantitatively synthesize the findings of included studies. It helps increase the precision of results by combining data from multiple studies, whereas systematic reviews may also include qualitative synthesis.

What are the steps involved in conducting a systematic review following the PRISMA protocol?

The steps in the PRISMA protocol include: defining eligibility criteria (inclusion/exclusion), identifying sources of information, screening and selecting studies, extracting data, evaluating the quality of studies, synthesizing results, and reporting findings.

Why is bias a concern in traditional reviews, and how does systematic review address this issue?

Bias in traditional reviews arises because reviewers may selectively include studies that support their hypotheses or personal views. Systematic reviews address this by using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, applying consistent methods for study evaluation, and aiming for transparency in the selection process.

What types of research questions are best suited for systematic reviews?

Systematic reviews are best suited for research questions that require a comprehensive evaluation of existing evidence, such as determining the effectiveness of an intervention, identifying risk factors for diseases, or evaluating diagnostic methods.

How are systematic reviews used in healthcare and medical research?

In healthcare and medical research, systematic reviews are used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments, assess risk factors for diseases, and compare diagnostic tools. They provide a high level of evidence that can inform clinical guidelines and healthcare policies.

What is the significance of using inclusion and exclusion criteria in systematic reviews?

Inclusion and exclusion criteria are crucial in systematic reviews because they ensure that only studies relevant to the research question are considered. This helps maintain consistency, focus, and reliability in the review process.

What role does PRISMA play in conducting systematic reviews?

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) provides a framework to ensure transparency and rigor in the systematic review process. It guides researchers in documenting each step, from study selection to data synthesis and reporting.

How does the systematic review process ensure the accuracy of research findings?

Systematic reviews ensure accuracy by critically evaluating the quality of included studies, using consistent methodologies, minimizing bias, and often employing meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize findings, leading to more precise and reliable conclusions.