Ancaman dan Upaya Pelestarian Keanekaragaman Hayati

wety yuningsih

4 Aug 202004:44

Summary

TLDRIn this video, Weti discusses the threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, invasive species, and monoculture farming. She then outlines conservation efforts by the government, such as in-situ conservation at natural habitats like the Rafflesia in Bengkulu and the Komodo dragon in Komodo Island, ex-situ conservation in places like Puncak Safari Park and Bogor Botanical Gardens, and the establishment of biosphere reserves like Cibodas. The video concludes by encouraging viewers to like and subscribe for more content on biodiversity.

Takeaways

🌿 Habitat loss is the first threat to biodiversity, with land becoming increasingly used for human settlements.
💧 Pollution of soil, water, and air is the second threat, caused by human activities that disrupt food chains and ecosystem balance.
🌡️ Climate change, driven by carbon dioxide emissions, leads to global warming, melting ice caps, and rising sea levels, altering ecosystem structures and functions.
🐾 Overexploitation of plants and animals, causing the extinction of certain species, is the fourth threat to biodiversity.
🌳 Invasive species, introduced from outside, can threaten local species and rare species in the area.
🌱 Industrialization of agriculture and monoculture farming practices reduce biodiversity by planting only one type of crop.
🏞️ In-situ conservation efforts, such as establishing natural reserves like the Rafflesia in Bengkulu and Komodo Island, are part of biodiversity preservation.
🦁 Ex-situ conservation involves preserving species outside their natural habitats, like in safari parks and botanical gardens.
🌍 Biosphere reserves are areas that conserve biodiversity through sustainable use of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, such as Cibodas Botanical Garden.
🌳 National parks, such as Tanjung Puting for orangutans and Wakatobi for marine life, are dedicated to preserving specific habitats and species.
📚 The discussion will move on to the topic of mass extinction of living beings after covering the threats and conservation efforts for biodiversity.

Q & A

What are the main threats to biodiversity mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions six main threats to biodiversity: 1) Loss of habitat, 2) Pollution of land, water, and air, 3) Climate change, 4) Overexploitation of plants and animals, 5) Introduction of invasive species, and 6) Industrialization of agriculture.
How does habitat loss affect plants and animals?
-Habitat loss leads to a reduction of available land for plants and animals, making their living spaces increasingly limited and used for human settlements.
What is the impact of pollution on ecosystems?
-Pollution, including air and water pollution, introduces harmful substances or pollutants which are products of human activities. This can disrupt the food chain and the balance of ecosystems.
How does climate change affect biodiversity?
-Climate change, often caused by carbon dioxide emissions, leads to the greenhouse effect which can increase the Earth's temperature. This results in the melting of ice caps and rising sea levels, causing changes in the structure and function of marine ecosystems.
What is overexploitation and how does it threaten biodiversity?
-Overexploitation refers to the excessive use of plants and animals, which can lead to the extinction of certain species.
What role do invasive species play in threatening local biodiversity?
-Invasive species, when introduced to an area, can threaten local species, including rare ones, by outcompeting them for resources or introducing diseases.
What is the impact of industrialized agriculture on biodiversity?
-Industrialized agriculture, especially monoculture farming where only one type of plant is grown, can reduce species diversity.
What is in-situ conservation and how does it help preserve biodiversity?
-In-situ conservation involves preserving species in their natural habitat. Examples include nature reserves like the Rafflesia in Bengkulu and the Komodo dragons on Komodo Island.
What is ex-situ conservation and how does it differ from in-situ conservation?
-Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of species outside their natural habitat, such as in safari parks or botanical gardens like the Puncak Safari Park and Bogor Botanical Gardens.
What is a biosphere reserve and how does it contribute to biodiversity conservation?
-A biosphere reserve is an area that includes terrestrial and coastal ecosystems and implements sustainable use of ecosystems for the conservation of biodiversity, like the Cibodas Botanical Gardens.
What are the specific conservation efforts mentioned for forest and marine biodiversity?
-For forest biodiversity, the script mentions the Tanjung Puting National Park, and for marine biodiversity, it mentions the Wakatobi National Park.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Threats to Biodiversity

This paragraph discusses the various threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss due to land being used for human settlements, pollution of soil, water, and air from human activities which can disrupt food chains and ecosystems, climate change caused by carbon dioxide emissions leading to global warming, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and changes in ecosystem structure and function. It also mentions overexploitation of plants and animals leading to species extinction, the introduction of invasive species that can threaten local and rare species, and industrialization of agriculture and monoculture farming which can reduce biodiversity.

🌳 Conservation Efforts for Biodiversity

The paragraph outlines the government's efforts to conserve biodiversity. It begins with in-situ conservation, which involves protecting species in their natural habitats, such as the Rafflesia conservation area in Bengkulu and the Komodo dragon conservation on Komodo Island. Ex-situ conservation is also mentioned, which involves protecting species outside their natural habitats, exemplified by the Puncak Safari Park and the Bogor Botanical Gardens. The creation of biosphere reserves that implement sustainable conservation of biodiversity is highlighted, with examples like the Cibodas Botanical Gardens. Special mention is made of the Tanjung Puting National Park for orangutans and the Wakatobi National Marine Park for marine conservation.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the variety within species, between species, and among ecosystems. It is a crucial concept in the video as it sets the stage for discussing the threats and conservation efforts. The video mentions various threats to biodiversity, such as habitat loss and climate change, which are directly linked to the survival of different species and ecosystems.

💡Habitat Loss

Habitat loss is a key threat to biodiversity and is defined as the reduction in the area and quality of habitats available to species. In the script, habitat loss is mentioned as the first threat to biodiversity, where land once available to plants and animals is increasingly being used for human settlements, leading to a squeeze on their living spaces.

💡Pollution

Pollution, as discussed in the video, refers to the contamination of air, water, and soil by harmful substances or pollutants. It is a significant threat to biodiversity because it can disrupt food chains and the balance of ecosystems. The script mentions pollution as a product of human activities, endangering and disturbing the natural order.

💡Climate Change

Climate change is a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns. The video highlights how carbon dioxide emissions contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming. This, in turn, causes polar ice caps to melt and sea levels to rise, altering the structure and function of marine ecosystems.

💡Overexploitation

Overexploitation is the excessive use of a resource to the point where it causes significant harm. In the context of the video, overexploitation of plants and animals leads to the extinction of certain species. It is mentioned as a threat to biodiversity where the demand exceeds the capacity of the species to reproduce and sustain themselves.

💡Invasive Species

Invasive species are non-native organisms that, when introduced to a new environment, can cause harm to the local ecosystem. The video mentions invasive species as a threat that can endanger local or rare species in an area, disrupting the balance of the ecosystem.

💡Monoculture

Monoculture in agriculture refers to the practice of growing a single type of crop over a large area. The video discusses how monoculture can reduce biodiversity by replacing diverse plant species with a single, commercially valuable one. This practice can lead to a decrease in the variety of species and can make the ecosystem more vulnerable to diseases and pests.

💡In-situ Conservation

In-situ conservation is a conservation strategy that involves protecting species in their natural habitats. The video gives examples of in-situ conservation efforts such as the Rafflesia nature reserve in Bengkulu and the Komodo Island, which are efforts to protect species in their original environments.

💡Ex-situ Conservation

Ex-situ conservation involves the relocation and protection of species outside their natural habitats. The video mentions ex-situ conservation efforts like the Safari Park in Puncak and the Bogor Botanical Gardens, which are places where species are conserved away from their original habitats.

💡Biosphere Reserve

A Biosphere Reserve is an area of land that includes terrestrial and coastal ecosystems and is designated for the conservation of biodiversity through sustainable ecosystem management. The video uses the Cibodas Botanical Gardens as an example of a Biosphere Reserve where conservation is carried out in a sustainable manner.

💡National Park

A National Park is a protected area established to conserve wildlife and natural landscapes. The video mentions the Tanjung Puting National Park for orangutans and the Wakatobi National Park for marine life as examples of areas specifically designated for the conservation of biodiversity.

Highlights

Discussing threats and conservation efforts for biodiversity

The first threat to biodiversity is the loss of habitat for plants and animals

The second threat is pollution of land, water, and air

Pollutants are products of human activities that disrupt food chains and ecosystems

Climate change is the third threat, causing glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise

The fourth threat is overexploitation of plants and animals leading to species extinction

The fifth threat is the introduction of invasive species that can endanger local species

The sixth threat is industrialization of agriculture and monoculture farming

Conservation in-situ is the first conservation effort, preserving habitats in their natural state

Examples of in-situ conservation include Rafflesia in Bengkulu and Komodo dragons in Komodo Island

Ex-situ conservation is the second effort, preserving species outside their natural habitats

Examples of ex-situ conservation are Safari Park Puncak and Bogor Botanical Gardens

The third conservation effort is the creation of biosphere reserves

Biosphere reserves are areas that conserve biodiversity through sustainable ecosystem management

Cibodas Botanical Gardens is an example of a biosphere reserve

Tanjung Puting National Park is specifically for forest conservation

Wakatobi National Park is specifically for marine conservation

Moving on to the next chapter about the massification of living beings

Encouragement to like and subscribe for more content