Potensi Sumber Daya Tambang Indonesia
Summary
TLDRThe script discusses Indonesia's vast mineral resources, including oil, coal, iron sand, gold, and nickel. It explains the geological formation of oil from ancient plankton deposits and coal from plant remains, both under high pressure over millions of years. The script also covers the distribution of these resources across Indonesia, highlighting significant locations for each mineral. Additionally, it touches on the economic value of these resources for the country's energy sector and industrial applications.
Takeaways
- 📚 Indonesia has significant potential for mineral and coal resources, as defined by Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining.
- 🌐 Mining activities include exploration, feasibility studies, construction, extraction, processing, transportation, sales, and post-mining activities.
- 💧 Oil and natural gas are valuable economic resources and are among the main sources of national revenue, energy, and fuel.
- 🌿 Oil originates from marine microorganisms that lived millions of years ago, undergoing geological processes to form petroleum deposits.
- 🗺️ Indonesia's oil and gas reserves are located in various regions, including offshore areas of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Maluku, and Papua.
- 🏭 Coal is the second major source of energy after oil and gas, formed from the remains of ancient plants under high pressure over a long period.
- 📈 Coal reserves are spread across Indonesia, with significant deposits in regions like South Sumatra, South Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi.
- 🔩 Iron sand is economically valuable and is found along the coasts of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and other islands, formed through the weathering and transportation of original rocks.
- 🌟 Gold potential in Indonesia is widespread, with deposits formed through various geological processes including magmatism and hydrothermal activity.
- 🥉 Nickel laterite is a significant resource in Indonesia, produced from the weathering of ultramafic rocks, and is found in areas like South Sulawesi and Maluku.
- 🌱 Indonesia's mineral wealth is diverse, including oil, coal, iron sand, gold, and nickel, with each having specific geological origins and economic significance.
Q & A
What is the definition of mining according to Indonesian law?
-According to Indonesian law, mining is defined as all or part of the activities related to the research, management, and operation of minerals or coal, including general research, exploration, feasibility studies, construction, mining, processing, refining, transportation, sales, and post-mining activities.
What are the types of natural resources that are considered non-renewable in Indonesia?
-Non-renewable resources in Indonesia include oil, natural gas, coal, iron sand, and gold, which are formed over millions of years and cannot be replenished on a human timescale.
Where are the oil and natural gas reserves in Indonesia located?
-Indonesia's oil and natural gas reserves are located in various regions including North Java coastal areas, Cirebon, Jatibarang, Bongas, Cepu-Blora, Wonokromo, Delta Kali Brantas, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Maluku, and Papua.
What is the origin of oil and natural gas in Indonesia?
-Oil and natural gas in Indonesia originate from microorganisms like plankton that lived in shallow marine areas millions of years ago. Their remains, mixed with seafloor mud, underwent high pressure and temperature, leading to metamorphism and formation of oil and gas.
How are coal reserves formed in Indonesia?
-Coal reserves in Indonesia are formed from the remains of trees and plants that lived during the Carboniferous period. These remains were buried under sedimentary layers and underwent metamorphism under high pressure over a long period, transforming into peat, lignite, sub-bituminous, and eventually anthracite or graphite.
What are the major coal mining regions in Indonesia?
-Major coal mining regions in Indonesia include Bukit Asam in Sumatra, Tanjung Enim in South Sumatra, Ombilin in West Sumatra, Berau in East Kalimantan, and Gowa in South Sulawesi.
What is the economic significance of iron sand in Indonesia?
-Iron sand in Indonesia is economically significant as it is a source of iron ore, which is used in various industries, particularly in steel production. It is found along the coastal regions and is formed through the weathering and transportation of original rocks by surface water and waves.
Where can iron sand deposits be found in Indonesia?
-Iron sand deposits in Indonesia can be found along the western coast of Sumatra, the southern coast of Java, and other coastal areas in Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and northern Papua.
How are gold deposits formed in Indonesia?
-Gold deposits in Indonesia are formed through various geological processes including magmatism, metasomatism, contact metamorphism, and hydrothermal solutions. These processes lead to the concentration of gold in veins or alluvial deposits.
What is the significance of nickel laterite deposits in Indonesia?
-Nickel laterite deposits in Indonesia are significant because they are a major source of nickel, which is an important metal used in various industries, particularly in stainless steel production. These deposits are formed from the weathering of ultramafic rocks and are rich in iron and nickel.
Where are the main nickel laterite deposits located in Indonesia?
-Main nickel laterite deposits in Indonesia are located in Luwut in South Sulawesi, Sorowako in South Sulawesi, Kolaka in Southeast Sulawesi, Morowali in Central Sulawesi, Halmahera Timur in North Maluku, and Papua Barat.
Outlines
🌟 Indonesia's Mineral and Coal Potential
The script discusses Indonesia's vast potential for mineral and coal resources, as defined by Law No. 4 of 2009 concerning Mining. It explains the concept of mining, which includes activities from exploration to post-mining processes. The script highlights the economic value of mineral and coal resources, specifically oil and gas, as a significant source of national revenue. It details the formation of oil from ancient microorganisms like plankton, which lived millions of years ago, and how these organisms' remains, under high pressure and temperature, transformed into oil. The script also mentions specific locations in Indonesia rich in oil and gas reserves, such as Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Maluku, and Papua. The potential of coal is also discussed, explaining how it forms from the remains of ancient plants under high pressure and how it's used as a source of energy, particularly in heavy industries.
🏔️ Indonesia's Iron Sand and Gold Potential
This paragraph delves into Indonesia's potential for iron sand and gold. It describes iron sand as a result of the weathering and transportation of original rocks, leading to the accumulation of economically valuable deposits along the coastlines. The script mentions specific locations where iron sand is found, such as West Sumatra, South Java, and other islands. It also discusses the formation process of iron sand, starting from the disintegration of the original rock to the final formation of economically valuable deposits. The paragraph also covers Indonesia's gold potential, explaining how gold is formed through various geological processes including magmatism and hydrothermal activity. It mentions that gold is often associated with certain minerals and can be found in various regions across Indonesia, from Sumatra to Papua.
🛠️ Indonesia's Nickel Potential
The final paragraph focuses on Indonesia's potential for nickel, particularly lateritic nickel ore, which is formed from the weathering of ultramafic rocks. The script explains that lateritic nickel ore is characterized by a reddish appearance and high iron content. It mentions that these deposits can be economically valuable due to their high metal content. The script provides examples of locations in Indonesia where nickel deposits are found, such as South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and Maluku. It also briefly touches on the material characteristics of lateritic nickel ore, noting its brittleness when fresh and its rapid hardening upon exposure, making it a strong building material.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Mineral and Coal Mining
💡Fossil Fuels
💡Metamorphism
💡Coal
💡Iron Sand
💡Gold
💡Nickel Laterite
💡Endapan
💡Sedimentary Rocks
💡Geological Time Scale
💡Economic Value
Highlights
Indonesia has vast potential in mineral and coal resources.
Mineral and coal resources are defined by Indonesian Law No. 4 of 2009.
Mining includes exploration, feasibility studies, construction, and various other stages.
Non-renewable resources take millions of years to form.
Examples of mining products include crude oil, iron sand, coal, and gold.
Crude oil and natural gas are valuable economic resources and a source of national revenue.
Oil originates from marine microorganisms that lived millions of years ago.
Indonesia's oil reserves are located in sedimentary rock layers formed 60 to 70 million years ago.
Oil and gas are found in various regions across Indonesia, including Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan.
Coal is the second major source of energy after oil and gas, formed from ancient plant remains.
Coal reserves are spread from Aceh to Papua.
Iron sand is economically valuable and is found along the coasts of Indonesia.
Gold potential in Indonesia is significant, formed through various geological processes.
Nickel laterite is a product of the weathering of ultramafic rocks and has high economic value.
Nickel laterite deposits are found in several regions in Indonesia, including South Sulawesi and Maluku.
Indonesia's mineral resources play a crucial role in the national economy and industrial sector.
The formation of mineral resources is a lengthy geological process.
Transcripts
Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh potensi sumber daya tambang
Indonesia potensi sumber daya tambang
Indonesia pengertian pertambangan
menurut undang-undang nomor 4 tahun 2009
tentang Pertambangan mineral dan
batubara adalah sebagian atau seluruh
tahapan kegiatan dalam rangka penelitian
pengelolaan dan pengusahaan mineral atau
batubara yang meliputi penyelidikan umum
eksplorasi studi kelayakan konstruksi
penambangan pengolahan dan pemurnian
pengangkutan dan penjualan serta
kegiatan pascatambang barang tambang
yakni suatu sumber daya alam yang
berasal dari
hubungi yang sifatnya tidak bisa
diperbaharui karena pembentukannya
membutuhkan waktu yang lama bahkan
sampai Berjuta tahun kalian bisa lihat
di gambar ini ini adalah contoh barang
tambang yang pertama minyak bumi yang
kedua pasir besi yang ketiga boks dan
yang keempat adalah emas satu potensi
minyak bumi dan gas bumi Indonesia
kalian bisa lihat di gambar ini ini
adalah total cadangan minyak bumi
Indonesia minyak bumi dan gas bumi
merupakan bahan tambang yang sangat
bernilai ekonomis sebagai salah satu
sumber devisa negara jenis barang
tambang sumber energi dan bahan bakar
ini berasal dari mikroorganisme Plankton
seperti radiolaria foraminifera
globigerina dan diatom ya yang hidup di
wilayah perairan laut dangkal
berjuta-juta
tahun yang lalu minyak bumi Indonesia
terletak di lapisan-lapisan batuan
sedimen yang terbentuk pada zaman
tersier sekitar 600001 by 70 juta tahun
yang lalu Xamthone merupakan jenis hewan
yang pendek sekali umurnya setiap hari
terjadi penumpukan bangkai-bangkai
Plankton di wilayah Laut dangkal tanpa
kelamaan tumpukan bangkai Panton ini
semakin tebal dan bercampur dengan
materi dasar laut berupa Lumpur dan
sebagainya karena pengaruh tekanan dan
suhu yang tinggi di lingkungan tumpukan
bangkai Panton tersebut lama-kelamaan
terjadi proses metamorfosis atau
perubahan wujud menjadi butiran-butiran
protein dan pada akhirnya menjadi lumpur
minyak bumi penghasil minyak dan gas
bumi di Indonesia antara lain terdapat
di daerah yang
nah pulau Jawa tersebar di wilayah
wilayah lepas pantai utara Jawa yang
kedua Cirebon Jatibarang dan Bongas
cepu-blora Wonokromo dan Delta Kali
Brantas yang ketiga Sumatera terdapat di
Perlak Langkat Pangkalan Brandan Plaju
Palembang dumai-duri range dan pendopo
yang keempat Kalimantan tersebar di
pantai timur Tama di Kutai bunyi Tarakan
dan Balikpapan yang kelima Maluku
tersebar disekitar bulat atau Pulau
Seram dan yang keenam sekitar kepala
burung papua Kaimana dan waisan yang
kedua adalah potensi batubara Indonesia
kalian bisa lihat peta ini ini adalah
total Cadangan batubara Indonesia mulai
Aceh sampai dengan Papua barang tambang
sumber energi yang kedua selain minyak
dan gas bumi adalah batubara yang
terbentuk dari sisa-sisa batang dan
ranting sejenis pohon pakis yang hidup
sekitar zaman karbon sisa-sisa batang
pohon tersebut tertimbun dalam
lapisan-lapisan batuan sedimen dalam
waktu yang sangat lama dalam pengaruh
tekanan yang tinggi sisa tumbuhan
tersebut mengalami proses metamorfosis
dinamo dan terjadi perubahan wujud dari
batang tanaman menjadi gambut atau fine
batubara muda kliknik batubara
pertengahan multimine batubara tua
atraksi dan grafit semakin tinggi kadar
karbon yang terkandung dalam massa
batuan semakin baik kualitasnya batubara
banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber
energi pada industri
istri berat seperti PT Krakatau Steel
selain itu juga digunakan untuk
keperluan bahan bakar rumah tangga
daerah persebaran tambang batubara
Indonesia antara lain Bukit Asam Tanjung
Enim Sumatera Selatan merupakan tambang
terbuka ombilin Sumatera Barat merupakan
jenis pertambangan tertutup Pulau Laut
Kalimantan Selatan sekitar sungai Berau
Kalimantan Timur pegunungan putus
Kalimantan Selatan dan Gowa Sulawesi
Selatan yang keempat adalah potensi
pasir besi Indonesia kalian bisa lihat
peta ini ini adalah potensi keterdapatan
pasir besi di Indonesia yang pertama itu
ada di pantai barat Sumatera kedua
Pantai Selatan Jawa ketiga ada di
Kalimantan keempat
Desi 5 Nusa Tenggara 6 kepulauan Maluku
dan yang terakhir adalah Papua pasir
besi umumnya terdapat di sepanjang
pantai terbentuk karena proses
penghancuran batuan asal oleh Cuaca dan
air permukaan yang kemudian
tertransportasi dan diendapkan di
sepanjang pantai gelombang laut dengan
energi tertentu memilah dan
mengakumulasi endapan tersebut menjadi
pasir besi yang memiliki nilai ekonomis
pasir besi sebagai endapan Letakkan atau
crusher di Indonesia banyak dijumpai
sebagai endapan aluvial pantai endapan
pasir besi antara lain terdapat di
sepanjang Pantai Barat Sumatera Pantai
Selatan Jawa dan Bali pantai-pantai
Sulawesi Nusa Tenggara Timur Maluku dan
pantai utara Papua beberapa lokasi
dilakukan eksplorasi bahkan eksploitasi
namun sebagian besar lagi belum
dilakukan eksplorasi pasir besi
mengandung mineral utama magnetic atau
besi oksida berasosiasi dengan
titanomagnetite dengan sedikit magnetic
dengan hematit yang disertai dengan
mineral pengotor seperti kuarsa piroksen
biotik rooting dan lain-lain pengotor
lainnya yang biasa terdapat dalam pasir
besi yaitu fosfor dan sulfur kalian bisa
lihat di gambar ini ini adalah proses
terbentuknya pasir besi mulai dari
batuan asal disintegrasi transportasi
sedimentasi pencucian kemudian
terbentuklah endapan pasir besi yang
kelima adalah potensi emas Indonesia
kalian bisa lihat di
gini ini adalah tetap potensi emas
Indonesia mulai dari pulau Sumatera Jawa
Kalimantan Sulawesi Nusa Tenggara Maluku
sampai ke Papua Emang terbentuk dari
proses magmatisme atau pengkonsentrasian
di permukaan beberapa endapan terbentuk
karena proses metasomatisme kontak dan
larutan hidrotermal sedangkan dengan
konsentrasi yang secara mekanis
menghasilkan endapan Letakkan atau
blazer kalian bisa lihat di gambar ini
ini adalah salah satu proses pembentukan
emas emas merupakan logam yang bersifat
lunak dan mudah ditempa kekerasannya
berkisar antara 2,5 sampai 3 skala Moss
serta berat jenisnya tergantung pada
jenis dan kandungan logam lain berpadu
dengan nya mineral pembawa emas biasanya
asosiasi dengan mineral ikutan mineral
ikutan tersebut umumnya kuarsa karbonat
turmalin flower Park dan sejumlah kecil
mineral non logam yang keenam adalah
potensi nikel Indonesia
Hai endapan nikel laterit merupakan biji
yang dihasilkan dari proses pelapukan
batuan ultrabasa yang ada di atas
permukaan bumi istilah lateris sendiri
diambil dari bahasa latin letter yang
berarti batu bata merah yang dikemukakan
oleh MF buchanan 1807 yang digunakan
sebagai bahan bangunan material tersebut
sangat rapuh dan mudah dipotong tapi
bila terlalu lama terekspos maka akan
cepat sekali mengeras dan sangat kuat
kalian bisa lihat di gambar ini ini
adalah nikel laterit merupakan regulit
atau tubuh batuannya mempunyai kandungan
Fe yang tinggi dan telah mengalami
pelapukan termasuk didalamnya profil
endapan material hasil transportasi yang
masih tampak batuan asalnya sebagian
besar endapan materi mempunyai kandungan
logam yang tinggi dan dapat bernilai
ekonomis tinggi
sebagai contoh endapan besi nikel mangan
dan bauksit persebaran dijual di
Indonesia ada di luwutimur di Sulawesi
Selatan Sorowako di Sulawesi Selatan
Kolaka di Sulawesi Tenggara Morowali di
Sulawesi Tengah Halmahera Timur di
Maluku utara Pulau Ternate Pulau Obi dan
pulau GB di Maluku Utara dan pulau guppy
Papua Barat oke Cukup sekian
pembahasannya Terimakasih
Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh
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