Readings in Philippine History: The Contextual Analysis of the Malolos Constitution
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Jun explores the Malolos Republic and the 1899 Malolos Constitution in Philippine history. The script discusses the constitution's drafting after Spanish defeat, its declaration of independence, and the establishment of a revolutionary government. It highlights the constitution's principles like separation of church and state and the three branches of government. Despite its progressive ideas, the constitution was not fully implemented due to the ongoing Philippine-American War and the Philippines' transition from Spanish to American control, raising questions about the country's true independence at the time.
Takeaways
- 📜 The video discusses the social, economic, political, and cultural context of the Malolos Republic and its 1899 constitution in Philippine history.
- 🇵🇭 Emilio Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines after the defeat of the Spanish at the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.
- 🗓️ The Philippine independence was declared on June 12, 1898, leading to the establishment of the first Philippine Republic.
- 🖋️ The Malolos Congress, composed of wealthy and educated men, was elected on September 17, 1898, and drafted the 1899 Malolos Constitution.
- 📜 The preamble of the 1899 constitution emphasized justice, common defense, general welfare, and liberty, guided by the 'Sovereign Legislator of the Universe.'
- ⛪ The constitution introduced the separation of church and state, a significant shift from Spanish rule where religious leaders influenced government decisions.
- ⚖️ The Malolos Constitution established three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial, a structure followed in later Philippine constitutions.
- 🚫 The constitution was never fully implemented due to the ongoing war and the Treaty of Paris, which transferred control of the Philippines to the United States.
- 🇺🇸 The Philippines became a territory of the United States after being sold by Spain for $20 million, and American occupation hindered the country's sovereignty.
- 🎨 The colors of the Philippine flag were inspired by the American flag, symbolizing the gratitude of Aguinaldo's government towards the U.S., though this relationship later soured.
Q & A
What is the significance of the 1899 Malolos Constitution in Philippine history?
-The 1899 Malolos Constitution is significant because it established the framework for the first Philippine Republic and represented the Filipino people's attempt at self-governance following the defeat of the Spanish colonizers.
When was the Philippine independence declared and what were the immediate actions taken afterward?
-Philippine independence was declared on June 12, 1898, after the defeat of the Spanish forces. Soon after, several decrees were issued, leading to the formation of the first Philippine Republic.
What was the role of the Malolos Congress in the creation of the Malolos Constitution?
-The Malolos Congress, elected on September 17, 1898, was composed of wealthy and educated men who were tasked with drafting the Malolos Constitution. They approved the constitution on November 29, 1898, which was later promulgated by Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899.
How did the Malolos Constitution address the issue of the separation of church and state?
-The Malolos Constitution explicitly provided for the separation of church and state, a significant departure from the Spanish colonial era, where the church heavily influenced state decisions.
What form of government was established under the Malolos Constitution?
-The Malolos Constitution established a republican form of government with three distinct branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial, which laid the foundation for future Philippine constitutions.
Why was the Malolos Constitution never fully implemented?
-The Malolos Constitution was never fully implemented due to the ongoing Philippine-American War and the Treaty of Paris, where the Philippines was sold to the United States for 20 million US dollars. This transferred control of the Philippines from Spain to the US.
What was the Filipino reaction to American intervention after the defeat of Spain?
-Initially, Filipinos, including Aguinaldo’s government, were grateful to the Americans for their help in defeating the Spanish. However, they soon realized that the Americans had no intention of granting true independence and instead occupied the Philippines.
How did the design of the Philippine flag reflect the relationship with the United States at the time of independence?
-The design of the Philippine flag, particularly its colors, imitated the flag of the United States as a gesture of gratitude for the Americans' assistance in driving out the Spanish from the Philippines.
What was the outcome of the Philippines’ struggle for independence after the Malolos Constitution was established?
-Despite the establishment of the Malolos Constitution and the Philippine Republic, the Filipinos did not achieve real independence due to the continued American occupation and the subsequent Philippine-American War.
What were the broader consequences of the American occupation for the Philippines after the defeat of Spain?
-The American occupation led to the establishment of a US military government in the Philippines, which had full control over the land, people, and natural resources, ultimately delaying the realization of Filipino independence.
Outlines
📜 The Malolos Republic and 1899 Constitution
This paragraph discusses the historical context and content of the Malolos Republic and the 1899 Malolos Constitution. It was drafted after Emilio Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines following the Spanish defeat at the Battle of Manila Bay. The Philippine Revolutionary Forces were under Aguinaldo's control, and the Declaration of Philippine Independence was issued on June 12, 1898. The Malolos Congress, elected on September 17, 1898, was composed of wealthy and educated men who drafted the constitution. It was promulgated by Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899. The constitution was written in Spanish and aimed to establish justice, provide for common defense, promote general welfare, and ensure liberty. It emphasized the separation of church and state, a response to the Spanish occupation where they were united. The constitution outlined a presidential republic with three distinct branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial.
🏳️🌈 The Non-implementation of the Malolos Constitution
The paragraph delves into the reasons why the Malolos Constitution was not fully implemented. It highlights that the Philippines was considered a territory of the United States post-Treaty of Paris, where the country was sold for 20 million US dollars, transferring sovereignty from the Spanish to the Americans. The paragraph discusses the continuous American occupation and the lack of true independence and sovereignty for the Philippines during this period. It also touches on the initial gratitude of the Filipino government towards the Americans for helping to remove the Spanish, symbolized by the colors of the Philippine flag resembling that of the United States. However, this sentiment turned to a feeling of deception as the Americans did not grant the freedom they promised and instead established military control and exploited the country's natural resources.
📅 The 1935 Constitution: Context and Issues
The final paragraph sets the stage for a discussion about the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines. It mentions that the next video will cover the context, circumstances, perspective, and issues related to this constitution. The speaker, Mr. Jun, invites viewers to watch the next part of the discussion, indicating a continuation of the historical analysis.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Malolos Republic
💡1899 Malolos Constitution
💡Emilio Aguinaldo
💡Separation of Church and State
💡Philippine Independence
💡Treaty of Paris
💡Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Powers
💡Sovereignty
💡American Occupation
💡Preamble
💡Natural Rights
Highlights
Introduction to the discussion on the social, economic, political, and cultural issues of the Philippines' history.
Focus on the Malolos Republic and the 1899 Malolos Constitution.
Emilio Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines after the defeat of the Spanish colonizers.
Declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898.
Election of the Malolos Congress composed of wealthy and educated men on September 17, 1898.
The Malolos Congress tasked to draft a constitution for the first Philippine Republic.
The Political Constitution of 1899 was promulgated by Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899.
The constitution was written in Spanish and aimed to establish justice and promote general welfare.
Provision for the separation of church and state in response to the Spanish occupation.
Declaration of three distinct powers: legislative, executive, and judicial.
The Malolos Constitution was not fully implemented due to the ongoing war.
The Philippines was sold to the United States for 20 million US dollars after the Treaty of Paris.
The Malolos Republic was not enforced by the government due to American occupation.
The question of Philippine independence during this time and the answer that it was not truly independent.
Gratitude towards the Americans for helping eliminate the Spanish, reflected in the Philippine flag's colors.
The Filipino people's continued fight against American occupation led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
The discussion will continue in the next video about the 1935 Constitution.
Closing remarks and call to action for likes, subscriptions, and watching the next part of the discussion.
Transcripts
hello everyone this is jun your
philosophy and social science teacher in
today's video we are going to continue
our discussion on the social economic
political and cultural issues of the
readings in the philippine history now
in this video we are going to talk about
the malolos republic the
1899 malolos constitution
what is it
and what were the contexts the
perspective of course and the
circumstances behind the creation
[Music]
was actually drafted when
emilio aguinaldo already came back to
the philippines after the
defeat of the spanish
colonizers in the battle of manila bay
on may 1 1898.
so
the newly philippine revolutionary
forces were under
the control of emilio aguinaldo and of
course
because of this
because of the the defeat and there was
now a newly established revolutionary
government
the declaration of the philippine
independence was actually issued on june
12 18 98
and together with this declaration was
the several decrees
that formed of course the first
philippine republic
on september 17 1898 the malolos
congress was elected
composed of wealthy
and
educated men
they selected a condition to draw up a
draft
of constitution so the congress
came up with
the approved constitution now on
december on november 29 1898 and it was
uh promulgated by emilio aguinaldo on
january 21 1898
this was titled the political
constitution of
1899 it was written in spanish
now to understand the context and the
perspective
of this malolos constitution let's try
to look at the primary source the
preamble of this constitution
primary source preamble of the political
constitution of 1899
we
the representatives of the filipino
people
lawfully convened in order to establish
justice provide for common defense
promote the general welfare and ensure
the benefits of liberty imploring the
aid of the sovereign legislator of the
universe for the attainment of these
ends have voted decreed and sanctioned
the following political constitution
is
[Music]
on the natural rights no and of course
the
provision of the states not
the freedom
of
religion and the equality of all beliefs
separation and church
state
which was um
in in really in response to what was
happened during the time of the spanish
occupation in which there was no
separation of the church and the state
now during the time the spanish
occupation the church and the state were
actually united in fact
state leaders were influenced by the
decisions
mandates of the bishops the priests and
the flyers during their time
so
there was now a separation of the church
and the state one thing that we have to
look at also in the malolos constitution
was their provision of the form of
government now in which there was
this declaration of the the powers
and there are there were three distinct
powers
the legislative executive
and the judicial so
don palance
republic
three
forms of government which was later on
we can understand that in the
constitution that we followed 1935 young
1987 constitution these were also
happening
during the time of the malolos
constitution
[Music]
it was not enforced
it was not implemented fully in reality
why
una because of the ongoing war
the philippines was effectively a
territory of the united states not after
the treaty of paris
so the philippines was sold
to the americans for the amount of 20
million us dollars so definitely
young
sovereignty and pilipinas was
transferred from the spaniards to the
americans so
[Music]
was not implemented
in reality and the malolos republic was
not also enforced by this govern by the
government of emilio aguinaldo
because
again
of the continuous occupation of the
americans
so to analyze the circumstances
did we have really our independence
during these times
the answer is not we did not have our
independence we did not have our
sovereign
state
we did not have
an independent state
during this time
there was
a constitution
but it was not implemented in reality
because of the continuous occupation of
the americans
[Music]
during the proclamation of the
philippine independence on june 12 1888
the government of emilio aguinaldo were
very grateful to the americans for their
help
in
eliminating you know the spaniards from
the philippine area so
they were grateful
of the day of the
health given by the americans in fact
[Music]
the colors of our flag is actually an
imitation
of
the colors of the united are the flag of
the united states of america so that was
because in form of gratitude to the
americans
but
towards the end after that proclamation
we did not have we were not given the
freedom
in fact
we were deceived by the americans
definitely we were deceived
by the americans
[Music]
here comes the americans
they occupied our nation
so they establish
their military government in the
philippines so they they have total
control of our land
they have the total control of our
people and of course
included with that is the exploitation
of our natural resources
so
the philippines
uh the filipino people will continue to
fight
against the americas so led by emilio
aguinaldo with his um armed forces
there was already a real revolutionary
army
during that time however because of
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
um
[Music]
[Music]
and that ends our discussion about the
malala's constitution and of course the
context the perspective and the issues
of that particular constitution so
this is arjun and don't forget to hit
the like and subscribe
[Music]
don't forget also to watch the next part
of our discussion we shall be talking
about
[Music]
1935 constitution its context
circumstances perspective and of course
the issues that happen
about this particular constitution
mr jun and see you soon next video bye
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