Lecture 02: Sustainable Development Goals

Summary

This educational video script delves into the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on the first four: No Poverty, Zero Hunger, Good Health and Well-being, and Quality Education. It outlines each goal's objectives, targets, and the interlinkages between them. The script highlights the challenges faced by India, such as high poverty rates and malnutrition, and discusses government initiatives like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. It also emphasizes the importance of gender equality and the need for inclusive, quality education as a foundation for sustainable development and economic growth.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The course focuses on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations.
• 🏆 SDG 1 aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere, emphasizing the importance of providing basic resources and dignity to all citizens.
• 📉 Despite a drop in global poverty rates, many still live below the poverty line, with a significant portion of the Indian population affected.
• 📊 SDG 1's targets include eradicating extreme poverty, reducing poverty by at least 50%, and implementing social protection systems.
• 🍽️ SDG 2 addresses hunger, advocating for food security, improved nutrition, and sustainable agriculture, with a focus on malnutrition, especially among children and women.
• 🌾 The goal emphasizes the need for sustainable agricultural practices, support for small-scale farmers, and international cooperation.
• 🏥 SDG 3 focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages, highlighting the need to combat major diseases and improve life expectancy.
• 🏫 SDG 4 is about providing inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all.
• 📚 The importance of education in fostering a progressive society and its role as a key to prosperity and economic growth is underscored.
• 👥 SDG 5 aims for gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, recognizing the social and economic benefits of treating men and women equally.
• 🇮🇳 The script provides specific data and insights into the status of poverty, hunger, health, education, and gender equality in India, reflecting the country's progress and challenges in achieving the SDGs.

Q & A

What are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

The 17 SDGs are a collection of objectives set by the United Nations to be achieved by 2030, covering areas such as poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, and climate action.

What is the primary focus of SDG 1?

SDG 1 focuses on ending poverty in all its forms everywhere, emphasizing the eradication of extreme poverty and reducing poverty by at least 50 percent.

What are some of the targets under SDG 1?

Targets under SDG 1 include eradicating extreme poverty, reducing poverty by at least 50 percent, implementing social protection systems, ensuring equal rights to ownership and basic services, and building resilience to economic and social disasters.

What is the current state of poverty in India according to the script?

The script indicates that a significant portion of India's population lives below the poverty line, with two-thirds living in poverty and 68.8 percent living on less than $2 a day.

What is the goal of SDG 2?

SDG 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.

What are the key issues addressed by SDG 2?

SDG 2 addresses issues such as malnutrition, particularly among children and women, and the need to improve food security and nutrition quality.

What are the targets of SDG 2 related to hunger and food security?

The targets of SDG 2 include ending all forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030, ensuring all people have sufficient nutrition, promoting sustainable agriculture, and supporting small-scale farmers.

What is the significance of SDG 3 in terms of health and wellbeing?

SDG 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all ages, focusing on reducing maternal and child mortality, ending epidemics like AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare.

What are some of the health challenges in India mentioned in the script?

The script mentions that India has a high number of TB cases, with nearly 2.1 million people affected and 423,000 deaths annually. It also highlights issues like malnutrition and child mortality.

What is the role of education in achieving SDG 4?

SDG 4 emphasizes the importance of inclusive and equitable quality education for all, promoting lifelong learning opportunities, and ensuring access to education for everyone, including vulnerable populations.

What are the key components of quality education as discussed in the script?

The script discusses that quality education includes skill development, access to primary and secondary education, teacher training, and the use of technology and resources to enhance learning.

How does the script describe the importance of gender equality in achieving SDG 5?

The script highlights that gender equality is crucial for social and economic development, and it discusses the need to address gender bias, ensure equal opportunities, and empower women and girls.

What are the challenges to achieving gender equality in India as mentioned in the script?

The script points out that India faces challenges such as high rates of domestic violence, sexual violence, and exploitation, and it emphasizes the need for legal reforms and social changes to promote gender equality.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Introduction to Sustainable Development Goals

The script introduces the course on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), focusing on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as outlined by the United Nations. It discusses the objectives and expected learning outcomes of the course, emphasizing the interrelationship between the goals and their sub-targets. The first SDG is highlighted, which is to end poverty in all its forms everywhere, as per the 2030 agenda. The script explains the definition of poverty and its impact on human lives, and it outlines specific targets under this goal, such as eradicating extreme poverty and implementing social protection systems. It also provides statistics related to poverty in India, discussing the challenges faced by the country and the measures taken to address poverty.

05:00

🍲 SDG 2: Zero Hunger and Food Security

The second paragraph delves into SDG 2, which aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. It discusses the issue of malnutrition, particularly among children and women, and the measures needed to address it, such as supplementing nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture. The script also mentions government schemes in India aimed at tackling hunger and poverty, and it provides data on the current state of food security and nutrition globally and in India. It emphasizes the need for international cooperation and investment in infrastructure and technology to improve agricultural productivity.

10:01

🏥 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being

This section addresses SDG 3, which focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages. It discusses the importance of healthcare facilities and the need to make progress in reducing disease and death rates, enhancing life expectancy, and fighting diseases like polio, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. The script highlights the disparities in health outcomes and the need for a multi-sectoral, rights-based, and gender-sensitive approach to address health inequalities. It also provides data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in India and the government's initiatives to improve health and well-being.

15:04

📚 SDG 4: Quality Education

The fourth paragraph discusses SDG 4, which is about ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. It emphasizes the importance of education in building an inclusive society and the need for equitable access to quality education. The script outlines the components of quality education, including skill development, infrastructure, educational materials, teacher training, and gender equality. It also discusses the Indian government's initiatives in the education sector and the challenges faced in achieving quality education, such as the low school readiness age and the impact of various changes on the education system.

Keywords

💡Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations to be achieved by 2030. They address social, economic, and environmental issues, aiming to achieve a more sustainable and equitable world. In the video, the speaker discusses the individual goals, their targets, and how they interrelate to form a comprehensive framework for sustainable development.

💡Poverty

Poverty refers to the state of being extremely poor, lacking the basic necessities of life such as food, clean water, and shelter. In the context of the video, it is discussed as the first SDG, which aims to 'end poverty in all its forms everywhere.' The script highlights the challenge of poverty eradication and mentions specific targets like reducing poverty by 50 percent.

💡Hunger

Hunger is a state of unease due to a lack of food. The video script discusses SDG 2, which focuses on ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. It emphasizes the issue of malnutrition, particularly among children and women, and the need for sustainable solutions to ensure food security.

💡Health and Wellbeing

Health and wellbeing encompass physical, mental, and social health aspects that contribute to an individual's overall quality of life. The video discusses SDG 3, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all ages. It mentions the importance of healthcare facilities, reducing infant and maternal mortality rates, and combating diseases like polio, HIV/AIDS, and malaria.

💡Quality Education

Quality education refers to the provision of inclusive and equitable education that enables lifelong learning opportunities for all. In the video, SDG 4 is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of education in building an inclusive society and the need for quality education to foster intellectual and skill development.

💡Gender Equality

Gender equality is the state of equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for both men and women. The video script discusses SDG 5, which aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. It touches on issues like domestic violence, education rights, and the importance of treating both genders equally to harness the full potential of human resources.

💡Malnutrition

Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of nutrients. In the script, malnutrition is discussed as a key issue, particularly affecting children and women, and is linked to SDG 2's aim to end hunger and improve nutrition.

💡Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture is an approach to farming that considers environmental, social, and economic aspects to ensure long-term productivity and food security. The video mentions sustainable agriculture as part of SDG 2's objectives, highlighting the need to support small-scale farmers and use technology to improve agricultural productivity.

💡Lifelong Learning

Lifelong learning is the concept of learning throughout one's life, at any stage, for personal or professional development. The video emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning in achieving SDG 4, suggesting that continuous education is necessary to keep up with the evolving demands of society and the economy.

💡Inclusive Society

An inclusive society is one that ensures equal opportunities and treatment for all members, regardless of their background or identity. The video discusses the need for inclusive societies as part of SDG 4's aim to provide equitable quality education, suggesting that education can play a critical role in fostering social inclusion.

💡Economic Growth

Economic growth refers to an increase in the production of goods and services of an economy over time. The video script mentions that gender equality and the empowerment of women can lead to economic growth, indicating that social development goals like SDG 5 can have a direct impact on a country's economic prosperity.

Highlights

Introduction to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

SDG 1 focuses on ending poverty in all its forms everywhere.

Poverty defined as the lack of money and vital resources necessary for human life.

The number of people living below the poverty line has gradually dropped.

SDG 1 aims to eradicate poverty by implementing social protection systems and ensuring equal rights to ownership.

In India, two-thirds of the population live in poverty, with 68.8% living on less than $2 a day.

India is the second most populous country after China, making it one of the poorest in comparison to its GDP.

SDG 2 emphasizes ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Malnutrition is a key issue, particularly affecting children and women.

SDG 2 aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030.

India ranks 94 out of 107 countries on the Global Hunger Index 2020.

SDG 3 focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages.

Health is not just physical but also includes happiness and prosperity.

India has made progress in reducing disease death rates and increasing life expectancy.

SDG 4 emphasizes inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all.

Education is considered a powerful vehicle for sustainable development.

SDG 5 focuses on achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls.

Gender bias is seen as a wastage of human capital resources.

India's gender development index has been disappointing, indicating a need for policy changes.

Transcripts

Welcome viewers, welcome back to this course on ESD that is Education for Sustainable Development

and we have already discussed about the background or the history of this ESD course or the UNESCO

sustainable development goals.

So, today we will just discuss about what are these 17 sustainable development course.

Let us discuss about the each and every goal and all its inter relationship and all of

its sub targets also.

So, these were the keywords very much we have already discussed about, this is a common

keywords that we will be discussing on this that is all the related to all the SDGs and

these are the course objectives and expected learning outcomes.

So, now all the seventeen goals the 17 goals what are these goals and what actually its

focus and a scope actually covers.

So, first goal is that no poverty, that is end the poverty in all its forms were everywhere

that is the SDG sustainable development goal 1 as per the 2030 agenda.

So, this thing is that the primary focus is eradicating the removing the poverty in all

its forms as the it remains as the one of the greatest challenges to that we are facing

nowadays.

So, though as we can see the poverty here can be defined as the lack of money and the

vital resources which is very much which is very which are very much relevant for the

human lives and how to provide these things with the dignity and dignity with the dignity

to leave that is how can we provide this fundamental right to every citizen.

So, while the number of the peoples that living below poverty line actually dropped by dropped

gradually and slowly improves its but still many of the countries are many of the population

of section of the population are still leaving below poverty line.

So, the primary goal of this SDG 1 is to how to eradicate a remove poverty in all its forms

from everywhere.

So, these are some of the targets of the goal 1 that is the under each domain each goal

there are some of the target specific objectives specific targets.

The here you can say the targets are eradicate the extreme poverty and reduce the poverty

at lease by 50 percent and implement the social protection systems, equal rights to ownership

basic services etcetera.

And build a resilience and environmental and resilience to environmental economic social

disaster; that is the disaster preparedness mobilize the resources to implement the policies

to end the poverty.

And to create a pro poor and gender sensitive policy for a policy framework for achieving

this SDG goal 1 that is to remove the extreme poverty remove the poverty extreme poverty;

at least by at least the poverty reducing poverty by 50 percent and to remove the eradicate

the extreme poverty anywhere it is available.

So, the problems in the problem of poverty in India that is these are the some of the

statistics data that we can find out two third of the people of India leave in the poverty

in leave in poverty, 68.8 percent Indian population leaves in less than below 2 dollar per day

and over 30 percent leave have the less than this kind of 1.25 dollar per day available.

So, these are the data that we have collected from this research literature internet literature.

So, this is all about the say the India is the second most populous country after China

with 1.2 billion people and this kind of the largest this is the one of the largest country

in the world largest country in the world.

So, this makes Indian sub continent one of the poorest countries, in comparison to its

population in comparison to the you know GDP in comparison to its economic scenario Indian

subcontinents; that means, it this makes Indian sub continent one of the poorest countries

in the worlds.

So, women and children the weakest members of the Indian society are they suffer the

most sense the here the Indian data as per the Indian data.

So, India is considered as the poorest country in this sub continent.

So, how to achieve the SDG 1 for India?

So, therefore, the highly contrasted country the they have already enjoyed a rate of 10

percent over many years and that they are GDP is also gradually moving up moving up,

but only small percentage of the Indian population has been benefited with this massive economic

reform boom.

So, the majority of the people are still living and the below poverty line.

So, the Indian goal so, goal number India and the goal number 1 there global reduction

in extreme poverty was driven mainly by Asia notably in China and India.

And traditionally this disadvantage groups such as the rural dweller, scheduled castes,

tribes, Muslims and the minorities and the young children are still the poorest in during

the 15 and 16 2015 and 16 era.

So, therefore, the biggest reduction in multidimensional poverty has been witnessed among the poorest

and traditional disadvantage groups across the state, across the caste, across the religion,

across the age groups.

So, and the multidimensional poverty also it happens it has among the children on children

under 10 has fallen and fasted and fastest, but a multidimensional poverty majors reveal

who is poor and how they are poor etcetera.

We have to analyze all these thing through a range of lay range of analysis.

So, the government of India has already made an progressive schemes, schemes including

the world’s largest employment guarantee scheme that is Mahatma Gandhi national rural

employment guarantee scheme, national social assistance program.

So, government has already introduced so, many things so many schemes just to deal with

this kind of extreme poverty in India.

So, these are some of these are some of the data these are some of the data that we can

see that is the how the present condition scenario in different sectors.

Now, we will come to the SDG 2 that is 0 hunger and that is sustainable development goal to

that advocates for end hunger, achieve the food security, improved nutrition and promote

the sustainable agriculture.

So, after 1 then 2 gradually moves towards food security ending the hunger and improve

nutrition quality of health and promoting the sustainable agriculture.

So, here malnutrition has become a I mean key issue.

So, malnutrition also most of the children most of the most of the women section they

actually they are the sufferers of these malnutrition.

So, here how to remove this malnutrition and by dealing with these undernourished people

and by supplementing the nutritional nutrition nutrition’s food and nutrition.

So, and because they because this the they form is important very vital segment of our

society.

So, primarily the malnutritions and lack now of children and the lactating mothers so,

it has become the primary focus of this SDG 2 how to remove this malnutrition and improve

the health.

So, the SDG is here aim to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030 making sure

that all the people especially children who have in have sufficient and nutrition food

all the year.

And this involves the promoting definitely promoting the sustainable agriculture supporting

this small scale farmers industries and equal access to land.

Then you know all those agriculture or reforms then use the technology for the markets and

require the also international cooperation to ensure the investment in infrastructure

technology to improve the agricultural product productivity and the and reform the policies

for the farmers.

So, these are some of the data I can go through it that is the state of the food security

and nutrition in the world report according to the world report 2020 these are the data

and 51.4 percent of the women in reproductive age between 15 to 49 years are anemic.

And malnourished children have a higher risk of death from the common childhood illness

such as diarrhea pneumonia and malaria.

And this is the data that 34.7 percent of the children aged under 5 in India are stunted

by with shortage of their age so, while 20 percents suffer from the wasting and meaning

the weight is low weight.

So, the global hunger index 2020 ranks India’s 9 India at the 94 out of 170 countries 107

countries.

On the basis of these three indicators that is the three indicators prevalence of wasting

and stunting in children under 5 years under the 5 child mortality rate and the proportion

of under nourished in the populations under these three parameters India ranks 94.

Next then the 3rd sustainable development goals like ensuring the health that is the

good health and wellbeing that is ensuring a healthy lives and promote wellbeing for

all from across the all ages.

So, well being here is the feeling of satisfaction with life, not just by the physical health

nutrition, but also health, happiness and the prosperity.

So, here a good health we can say it concerns the care of the human body and everything

that can be done to protect the sickness and intoxication and enable the access to care

here it is also related to healthcare facilities.

So, therefore, we have to make the progress great progress towards leading the causes

of the death then disease death and diseases in life expectancy in to enhance to increase

the life expectancy infant.

And reduce the infant mortality infant and maternal mortality rates and the and to fight

against the diseases like the polio HIV aids, malaria and also and other kinds of the pandemic

diseases also.

So, here the thing is that while some countries have already made the progress impressive

gains the national average hide that many are being left behind.

So, therefore, it is therefore, a multisector right rights based and gender sensitive approach

should be adopted should be applied which is very much essential to address the inequalities

and to beat built a good health for all that is through the reform through the policy of

you know equality equal access to facilities resources etcetera.

So, with this multi sector participation then only we can also we can move ahead slowly

towards achieving the good health and wellbeing for all.

So, this is the condition of health and wellbeing in India this is the condition in India.

So, again you can go through the data in here; however, quarter of global TB cases occur

in India where nearly 2.1 million people have people leave with the disease and an estimated

of 423000 die annually as a result it was the major disease major reason of thing.

So, the Indian governments national health mission prioritize this national wellbeing

and leading change in this area.

And in addition to the targeted national program national program on HIV aids and other sexual

transmitted diseases.

So, TB polio was the priority also polio and along with the polio and TB, now the HIV AIDS

um has become the target of national health mission.

And recently as you can see the pandemic, the pandemics issues or the COVID and the

and some various this kind of pandemic other diseases contaminated diseases, air bone diseases

now this has also taken over our attention governments attention health sectors attention,

how to mitigate it, how to face the challenges with the vaccines and all kinds of things.

. Then comes our SDG 4 that is the quality education

quality education which ensures that is ensure inclusive and equitable quality education

and promote lifelong learning opportunity for all; here again yes definitely without

education nothing can happen.

So, how to ensure it not just about the literacy enhancing the literacy functional literacy,

but into ensures ensure to in order to build an inclusive society we must provide the equitable

quality education.

Equitable quality education that is why to everybody to a and to promote the lifelong;

lifelong learning opportunities for all.

Therefore, education is the process of facilitating the learning or the acquisition of the knowledge,

skills, values, beliefs, habits, etcetera.

And for this matter quality education is a very important factor quality education in

terms of skills skill development, in terms of provisions to the schooling, primary schooling,

relevant primary schooling, relevant school infrastructure, equipment, educational materials

resources, scholarship and all the teaching force, teacher training and books resources

and gender equality parity all kinds of.

So, quality education how to ensure quality education it has become the most important

topic most vital most important issue of this SDG 4 that is the quality education.

Quality education how can we provide it to each and every citizen of the country, be

it skill development, be it the research, be it primary education, be it school education

secondary education whatever may be the thing and so for that matter quality education is

how to improve it because we need all round development not only the content, syllabus,

curriculum, technology access then teacher training the syllabus or teacher orientation

lifelong learning.

So, education can only be updated and quality can be achieved only through continuous and

lifelong learning.

So, for that reason as our government has also already taken the initiative very many

initiatives for the higher education school education that we will be subsequently discussing

on this.

So, education that liberates the intellect unlocks the imagination and fundamental for

a self respect and it is a key to prosperity if you want to; if you want to enhance the

economic condition of our growth or moved towards the economic growth to becomes a development

developed nation.

So, definitely education is such a platform is the only source through which we can contribute

towards a progressive society, healthy society.

And so the learning benefits are all the every how the every citizen can get the learning

benefits and how they can pursue can continue their lifelong learning for the welfare of

society.

So, therefore so education quality education and under this quality education SDG 4 also

there are so many targets also.

So, achieving the inclusive and quality education for all reaffirms the belief that education

is one of the most powerful and proven vehicle for sustainable development.

So, after all the discussion discussions etcetera and data analysis everything so, education

is being considered as one of the most powerful and proven vehicle for sustainable development.

It also aims to provide equal access to affordable vocational training eliminate the gender bias

and wealth disparities achieve the universal access to quality of higher education all

these things.

So, now let us move towards the this the condition of education in India the rights, right of

the children for the free and compulsory education act was introduced 2009, then national early

childhood care policy 2013 and; however, this is the; this is the current scenario and more

recently we can talk about this national policy international educational policy 2020 which

has dramatically change as a completely transform the whole educational scenario in our country.

So, these are some of the that these are some of the issue some of the policy issues at

the history back a little bit history of this educational platform the national achievement

survey NCERT 2017.

So, children school readiness age 5 has been far below.

So, therefore, over the first half of the country program there have been various changes

in the operating environment and that has impacted upon how the UNICEF India also UNICEF

India’s education program also start its operation.

So, these are some of the history and background data.

And gender equality and then the then comes the 5th that is the gender equality.

Gender equality and empower all women and girls that is.

So, gender bias is actually undermining our social fabric and devalues, undervalues or

resources women power etcetera.

So, it is not just about the human rights issues, but also tremendous wastage of the

worlds human capital resources are also happening.

So, therefore, gender equality is a principle of the states that all the men and women need

to be treated equally to have the same right despite their biological difference.

And they should not be prevented from having the same opportunity or avail the opportunities

in education health and other social services.

So, therefore, how to that is the therefore, nowadays the we are advocating at the government

is also framing the policies for the you know violence against women domestic violence all

kinds of things sexual violence and exploitation and right for education, right for dignity

in life, right for justice all kinds of things are being modified are being modified in terms

of policies in terms of the policies and the builds.

So, here our attempt is our effort is to how to bring the gender equality in our society

not only not just in India, but at the global context.

So, this is the status of gender equality in India gender development index has been

disappointing.

So, how it also because with the gender equality and also we not only we will encash we will

average our human resources and power, but also we can uplift our economic growth we

can uplift we can enhance increase our economic resources and you know we can move our society

towards the prosperity.

So, this all about that is this is all about the in the crime against women how it can

be you know how it can be cubed how it can be possible decline can happen, and how the

with the implementation of the legal laws and the policies etcetera how the social reform

can take place towards the gender equality in India.

These are some of the links web links are there you can go through the further details.

So, we have already discussed about the 17 sustainable development goals.

Now the rest of the; rest of the goals rest of the goals we will discuss about it ok.

Thank you.