Pengantar Fikih Jinayah ( Hukum Pidana Islam) Bagian Kedua

Summary

The video discusses the introduction to Islamic criminal law (fiqh jinayah), focusing on distinctions between 'jinayah' (crimes) and 'jarimah' (offenses) within Islamic jurisprudence. The speaker refers to Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah's works as key references, explaining the definitions and nuances of these terms. 'Jinayah' covers general criminal acts, while 'jarimah' is more specific to prohibited actions under Islamic law, involving both punishment and moral aspects. The video is intended for Islamic law students, aiming to clarify foundational concepts in Islamic criminal law with comparisons to Egyptian legal practices.

Takeaways

• 📘 The speaker introduces the topic of Islamic criminal law (fiqih jinayah), focusing on important sources.
• 📚 The primary reference is a work by Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah, a renowned Egyptian expert in Islamic criminal law.
• 📖 Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah's book, titled *Al-Fiqhul Islami wa Adillatuhu*, is monumental in the study of Islamic criminal law.
• 📝 The speaker distinguishes between two key terms: 'jinayah' (criminal act) and 'jarimah' (offense or crime).
• 🧐 Jinayah is defined broadly as any forbidden act, which can harm a person's life, property, lineage, religion, or dignity.
• ⚖️ Jarimah refers more specifically to actions prohibited by Sharia law that are punishable by either 'had' (fixed punishment) or 'ta'zir' (discretionary punishment).
• 📑 Jinayah is described as a general term for criminal acts, which is why Islamic law departments are called 'Criminal Law' instead of 'Offense Law'.
• 💼 The speaker cites pages from Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah's books to explain the nuances between jinayah and jarimah.
• 📚 The book compares Islamic criminal law with Egyptian criminal law, reflecting the author's background in both systems.
• 🎓 The lecture is aimed at students of Islamic criminal law, particularly those studying in Islamic universities across Indonesia.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic discussed in the video script is the introduction to fiqh jinayah or Islamic criminal law. The speaker explains key concepts and definitions related to Islamic criminal law, specifically differentiating between 'jinayah' and 'jarimah.'

Who is the author referenced in the script for Islamic criminal law studies?

The author referenced is Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah, an Egyptian expert in fiqh and Islamic criminal law. His works are used as primary references in the discussion of Islamic criminal law.

What are 'jinayah' and 'jarimah' in the context of Islamic criminal law?

'Jinayah' refers to crimes or offenses in general within Islamic law, while 'jarimah' refers to specific criminal acts or offenses that are clearly defined and punished under Islamic law.

How does Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah define 'jinayah'?

Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah defines 'jinayah' as a term for an action that is prohibited by Sharia, whether it involves harming a person's life, property, or any other aspect, such as lineage, religion, or dignity.

What is the significance of the book 'Al-Fiqh Al-Islami wa Adillatuhu' mentioned in the script?

'Al-Fiqh Al-Islami wa Adillatuhu' is a monumental work by Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah that serves as a comprehensive reference for Islamic criminal law. It covers various topics related to the definition and categorization of crimes in Islamic jurisprudence.

Why does the speaker mention the distinction between 'jinayah' and 'jarimah'?

The speaker highlights the distinction to clarify that 'jinayah' encompasses a broader scope of offenses, while 'jarimah' refers specifically to defined criminal acts. This distinction helps in understanding the classification and treatment of different crimes in Islamic law.

What is the role of mens rea and actus reus in the context of Islamic criminal law as discussed in the script?

In the context of Islamic criminal law, 'mens rea' refers to the mental state or intent behind a criminal act, while 'actus reus' refers to the actual commission of the act. Both elements are important in determining the culpability of an individual for a crime.

How has Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah’s work been made accessible to Indonesian readers?

Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah’s work has been translated into Indonesian and published as an 'Encyclopedia of Islamic Criminal Law,' making it accessible to Indonesian readers and scholars.

What is the significance of comparing Islamic criminal law with Egyptian law as mentioned in the script?

Comparing Islamic criminal law with Egyptian law helps to understand the practical application and differences between Islamic principles and contemporary legal systems, as well as the influence of political and social contexts on the implementation of these laws.

What is the speaker’s message to the students of Islamic criminal law and related fields in Indonesia?

The speaker encourages students of Islamic criminal law and related fields in Indonesia to study and understand the foundational concepts of Islamic criminal law, as outlined in Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah's works, to gain a deeper understanding of the subject.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Islamic Criminal Law

The speaker begins by greeting the audience and introduces the topic of Islamic criminal law (fiqih jinayah). They mention that the discussion will be based on the works of Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah, a renowned Egyptian scholar in Islamic criminal law. His monumental book is highlighted, which has been translated into Indonesian as 'Ensiklopedi Hukum Pidana Islam.' The speaker explains that this book is crucial for understanding fundamental concepts like 'jinayah' (crime) and 'jarimah' (offense), emphasizing that these two terms are often confused but have distinct meanings in the book.

05:02

📝 Defining 'Jinayah' in Islamic Law

In this paragraph, the speaker delves deeper into the definition of 'jinayah' according to Dr. Audah’s book. The term refers to any prohibited action ('Ismun Livia Line Muharrom'), whether it affects a person’s life, property, or dignity. The speaker also emphasizes that 'jinayah' is a general term for criminal acts under Islamic law. Unlike 'jarimah,' which refers to specific types of offenses, 'jinayah' encompasses a broader range of crimes. This distinction is important for students studying Islamic criminal law.

10:05

🔍 Defining 'Jarimah' and Its Legal Implications

The speaker explains 'jarimah,' which is defined as a specific criminal offense in Islamic law that violates Shariah and is punishable by 'hudud' (fixed punishments) or 'ta'zir' (discretionary punishments). The term refers to both acts of commission and omission that are prohibited under Shariah. The speaker notes that while 'jinayah' is a broader term, 'jarimah' focuses on particular offenses that carry defined punishments. The paragraph also touches on the relationship between 'mens rea' (criminal intent) and 'actus reus' (the criminal act) in determining the severity of the crime.

🇪🇬 Egyptian Influence on Islamic Criminal Law

The speaker concludes by highlighting Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah’s background as an Egyptian scholar and his involvement in Islamic political movements. He draws a comparison between Islamic criminal law and Egyptian criminal law. The speaker acknowledges that Audah faced political challenges in Egypt, particularly under Husni Mubarak's regime. The discussion wraps up with a promise of future episodes covering various types of 'jarimah' (criminal offenses), and the speaker thanks the audience for their attention.

Keywords

💡Jinayah

Jinayah refers to criminal offenses or crimes in Islamic law. In the video, the speaker explains that it is a broad term encompassing various forms of criminal actions that are prohibited under Islamic law. It includes both crimes against individuals (e.g., murder, theft) and crimes against society. The term 'Jinayah' is defined as a prohibited act in the context of Sharia law, affecting both physical harm and property damage.

💡Jarimah

Jarimah is another term for crime or offense in Islamic law, often used synonymously with Jinayah, but with slight distinctions. In the video, Jarimah is defined as a punishable offense according to Sharia, which may involve acts of commission or omission that violate Islamic teachings. The speaker explains that while Jinayah is a general term, Jarimah focuses on the specific act of crime that triggers legal punishment such as Hudud (fixed punishments).

💡Hudud

Hudud refers to the fixed punishments in Islamic law for certain offenses, such as theft, adultery, or apostasy. These punishments are considered divinely ordained, and the term is mentioned as part of the broader discussion on Islamic criminal law. The speaker touches upon Hudud when explaining the consequences of violating specific Islamic prohibitions (Jarimah), which attract punishments defined by divine law.

💡Ta'zir

Ta'zir is a form of discretionary punishment in Islamic law. Unlike Hudud, which involves fixed punishments, Ta'zir gives the judge the authority to determine the appropriate punishment based on the crime's severity. In the video, this concept is briefly mentioned when discussing the various forms of penalties in Islamic criminal law, where not all crimes have prescribed fixed punishments, allowing for judicial discretion.

💡Islamic Criminal Law

Islamic Criminal Law, or Fiqh Jinayah, is the body of Islamic jurisprudence that deals with crime and punishment. The speaker introduces the topic by referring to works by Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah, a scholar who authored texts on the subject. This law governs various types of crimes (Jinayah) and the corresponding punishments (Hudud, Ta'zir), and it is a central theme in the video, especially in the context of defining criminal acts and their consequences.

💡Mens Rea

Mens Rea refers to the mental state or intent behind committing a crime. It is a crucial concept in determining criminal responsibility, as it helps differentiate between intentional and unintentional acts. In the video, the speaker alludes to this term when discussing the psychological or internal conditions that accompany criminal actions in Islamic law, emphasizing that intent plays a significant role in determining culpability.

💡Actus Reus

Actus Reus refers to the physical act of committing a crime. In the context of Islamic criminal law, it involves the observable actions that violate legal or moral standards. The speaker mentions Actus Reus alongside Mens Rea to emphasize the importance of both intent and action in constituting a crime, explaining that a criminal act must involve a physical act (Actus Reus) for it to be punishable.

💡Sharia

Sharia is Islamic law derived from the Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic sources. It provides the legal framework for governance, ethics, and social behavior, including criminal law. The speaker discusses Sharia as the basis for Jinayah and Jarimah, explaining that criminal actions under Sharia law are violations of divine law, and thus punishments are seen as religious obligations.

💡Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah

Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah was a renowned Egyptian scholar and legal expert who wrote extensively on Islamic criminal law. His works, which serve as a reference in the video, help elucidate the principles of Jinayah and Jarimah in the context of modern law. The speaker references Audah's seminal books to explain the theoretical and practical aspects of Islamic criminal law, making his contributions central to the video's discussion.

💡Tindak Pidana

Tindak Pidana is the Indonesian term for criminal offenses, and it is frequently used in the video to describe crimes or violations under Islamic law (Jinayah and Jarimah). The speaker mentions this term when explaining the different branches of Islamic criminal law studied in Indonesian institutions like UIN and IAIN. The term is important for contextualizing Islamic law in the Indonesian legal system, showing its application in a modern, localized context.

Highlights

Introduction to Islamic Criminal Law, addressing scholars and students of Islamic jurisprudence in Indonesia.

The discussion focuses on a monumental work in Islamic criminal law by Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah, an Egyptian scholar.

Explanation of the differences between 'jinayah' and 'jarimah,' two key terms in Islamic criminal law.

Jinayah is defined broadly as a criminal act in general terms, applicable to various forms of human misconduct.

Jarimah, on the other hand, is a specific criminal offense or violation, often referred to as a delict or crime in Islamic law.

The author emphasizes that 'jinayah' refers to a broader concept of crime, while 'jarimah' is a subset dealing with specific criminal actions.

The book under discussion, originally written in Arabic, has been translated into Indonesian under the title 'Encyclopedia of Islamic Criminal Law.'

Dr. Abdul Qadir Audah's work is significant for its comparison of Islamic criminal law with Egyptian national law.

The discussion highlights the relevance of understanding 'mens rea' (criminal intent) and 'actus reus' (criminal action) in Islamic law.

Jinayah includes offenses that harm life, property, lineage, and dignity, forming the core principles of criminal accountability in Islamic jurisprudence.

The definition of jarimah includes both acts prohibited by Sharia (Islamic law) and acts mandated by it, highlighting the dual aspect of commands and prohibitions.

Discussion of different categories of jarimah, including hudud (fixed penalties) and ta'zir (discretionary punishments).

The speaker emphasizes that Islamic criminal law is still taught extensively in institutions like UIN and IAIN across Indonesia.

The speaker references Abdul Qadir Audah's influential role within Egyptian Islamic political movements, hinting at his historical and political context.

This session is part of a broader discussion on the principles and categories of Islamic criminal law, to be continued in future lectures.

Transcripts

Hai Mungkinkah menurunkan tampil tanpa

engkau kenapa warga ada Assalamualaikum

warohmatullohi wabarokatuh Bismillah

Alhamdulillah assolatuwassalamualaik

rosulillah Sayyidina wamaulana Muhammad

Ibni Abdillah wa ala alihi wa ashabihi

wa mau Allah amat Aduh para pemirsa kaum

muslimin muslimat wabil khusus para

mahasiswa hukum pidana Islam tatanegara

ilmu hukum dan hukum keluarga Islam di

UIN IAIN di stay dan di berbagai sekolah

tinggi agama Islam di seluruh Indonesia

Pada kesempatan kali ini kita akan

melanjutkan pembahasan mengenai

pengantar fiqih jinayah atau hukum

pidana Islam Mari kita lihat satu karya

yang monumental terkait dengan hukum

Ajana Islam ini eh yang menjadi rujukan

dari buku-buku saya adalah buku yang

ditulis oleh seorang eh ahli fikih dan

ahli hukum pidana Islam berkebangsaan

Mesir Doktor Abdul Qadir audah ini

kitabnya kita lihat di dalam susunan rak

buku saya ada dalam rangkaian rak ini

Ini ada dua buku yang terkena yang

terkait dengan hukum pidana Islam yaitu

atas Riau jina'i al-islami mukharam

ambil qanuni love in al-mishri eh eh

Hai hukum pidana Islam yang ini juga

sebetulnya sudah detik diterjemahkan

dalam bahasa Indonesia eh terjemahnya

itu ada di bagian sini ini hukum pidana

Islam itu sudah di

di Terjemahkan oleh tim dan dalam

terjemahannya itu akhirnya di

diterjemahkan dengan istilah ensiklopedi

hukum pidana Islam mulai dari jilid 1 2

3 4 dan dan lima ada lima buku yang ini

aslinya adalah buku Doktor Abdul Qadir

audah berjudul al-fiqhul Islami wa

adillatuhu Bagaimana beliau menguraikan

dalam buku ini setidaknya kita ambil dua

hal yang mendasar yaitu terkait dengan

istilah pidana

Hai dan tindak pidana atau yang dalam

bahasa asli beliau adalah jinayah dan

jarimah terkadang kita menjadi eh

Shahrukh atau susah membedakan antara

keduanya ada yang menganggap sama antara

jinayah dan jarimah tetapi secara

definisi atau secara takrif tampaknya

Abdul Qadir audah memang membedakan

antara keduanya Eh bagaimana penjelasan

beliau ketika mengungkap soal definisi

jinayah beliau mengungkap dalam bukunya

ya terkait dengan jinayah itu Ya

tepatnya dalam buku yang atau jilid yang

satu ya beliau mendefinisikan jinayah

yaitu Ismun Livi klinklin Muharrom in

Hai itu disebutkan adalah kata atau

untuk ini tampaknya dalam eh Buku yang

kedua justru ketika beliau

mendefinisikan mendefinisikan jinayah

itu ya apa yang beliau Uraikan dalam

buku kedua yaitu pada saat membahas

membahas al-jin ayat albabu lalu File

jinayat atau

Hai beliau menguraikan dalam

paragraf-paragraf bahwa makna Al Jin

Ayah flu hutan kemudian istilahan Widya

saya secara Eh lu hotam Beliau

mengatakan I smun 5 Yeni heal marpu Min

syarrin Wow naik Tasya bahu atau Matta

baru sebuah nama untuk satu perbuatan

manusia ya Min syarrin dari perbuatan

buruk uang akhdan apapun yang diuraikan

atau yang diupayakan oleh manusia itu

makna jinayat selalu hutan seperti itu

hai eh amavel istilah alfikri Adapun

secara terminologi fiqih beliau

menyebutkan vagina yaitu Ismun Livia

Line Muharrom in saran satu kata untuk

satu perbuatan yang diharamkan secara

syarat sawa'un Wako Alvino alamaf sinau

Malinau khoirida like Sama halnya

perbuatan itu menyangkut eh merugikan

jiwa manusia merugikan Harta manusia

atau hal lain terkait dengan jiwa harta

kemudian berarti keturunan termasuk

agama dan juga termasuk eh harga diri

atau Allah hirup dan sebagainya itulah

definisi jinayah yang beliau Ungkapkan

Di dalam bukunya disini malah buku

kedua pada halaman 4 ketika beliau

menguraikan itu jadi begitu definisi

mendasar apa yang dikatakan jinayah

jinayah itu bersifat umum dia kalau

dalam bahasa Indonesianya adalah pidana

makanya jurusan.di.uin dan IAIN bukan

kejurusan jarimah Islam tetapi jurusan

pidana Islam karena pidana sifatnya umum

dan bagian dari pembahasan pidana itu

adalah jarimah Mari kita lihat para

pemirsa para mahasiswa semuanya yang dan

mendapatkan rahmat Allah Subhanahu Wa

Ta'ala mengenai definisi jarimah kalau

kita tadi menyebut mengenai definisi

jinayah maka kemudian kita lihat

definisi jarimah itu apa ada dalam buku

yang pertama buku yang pertama adalah

buku eh

Hai terkait Kevin isi jarimah pada

halaman 66 ketika menyebut algis mulu

awal mint alkitaabi lawan beliau

sebelumnya memberi pengantar bahwa sama

pacar lemukih adalah kism alam Audi Aini

Allahumma Mahya tool jarimah dalam

pembahasan ini ada dua bagian yang

pertama eh substansi jarimah puasa nih

Ima anwa'ul jarimah yang keduanya adalah

mengenai macam-macam jarimah dan beliau

eh secara singkat memberikan pengertian

atau definisi jarimah ta'riful jadi mati

ta'riful Jaro invest syariat Islamiyah

Dian naha maghfuro tune syariatun Zero

Juan Habib Hadi nauta Z

jadi yaitu larangan-larangan syarat yang

diancam oleh Allah dengan hukuman had

atau ta'zir WA lemah murod uh iya Ima

edyanus figline manyin Anhu ya

larangan-larangan cara ini Adakalanya

melakukan perbuatan yang dilarang outer

ku figline Makmur indihi Atau

meninggalkan perbuatan yang

diperintahkan wakot Ussy Fatil mahdurot

ubian Natasha Raya tune ini mahdurot ini

disifatkan dengan Sara Ayah isyarotun

atau Isya rotan gila annahu yajibu file

jadi mah untuk Hamdi Roha Syariah karena

akan dianggap akan diberikan sanksi oleh

syara terkait dengan pelanggaran jarimah

itu jadi jarimah dalam definisi

Nda Itu adalah tindak pidana atau

perbuatan pidana atau peristiwa pidana

atau delik dan disini kalau kaitan

dengan hukum pidana Tampaknya ada

hubungan dengan soal unsur berikutnya

nanti ada istilah mens rea kondisi

psikis kondisi batin dan aspek moral

Lalu ada actus Reus kaitan dengan

perbuatan pidananya itu demikian

pengantar bagian kedua terkait dengan

definisi jinayah dan jari mahfudah

mudahan para mahasiswa sekalipun

misalnya belum pernah ketemu buku

aslinya ya ini Saya tunjukkan atasnya

uji naiyu al-islami you much or Onan Bil

Khoir hukum pidana Islam yang di eh

komparasikan dengan

nih pidana di Mesir karena Abdul Qadir

audah adalah salah seorang ilmuwan Mesir

yang kebetulan ikut dalam kelompok Islam

eh yang secara politik tidak beruntung

tidak seberuntung Husni Mubarok kala itu

Terima kasih mudah-mudahan bisa difahami

dan nanti kita akan sambung dalam

episode berikutnya terkait dengan

macam-macam jarimah terima kasih

muwaffiq Ila aqwamit Thariq

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh

[Musik]