Contemporary Global Governance | D11A (Group 4)

Summary

The video script discusses global governance, focusing on its institutions like the UN, ICC, and World Bank. It explains the UN's formation post-WWII, its purposes, principles, and principal organs. It also highlights the UN's role in maintaining peace, promoting human rights, and addressing global issues like poverty and climate change, emphasizing the need for effective global cooperation.

Takeaways

• 🌐 Global governance is a movement that coordinates diverse actors to address global issues and provide public goods like peace, security, and functioning markets.
• 🏛️ The United Nations (UN), founded in 1945, is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, promote friendly relations among nations, and encourage social progress and human rights.
• 👨‍⚖️ The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates and tries individuals charged with the most serious crimes of concern to the international community, including genocide and war crimes.
• 🏦 The World Bank is a major source of funding and knowledge for developing countries, focusing on reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.
• 📜 Global governance can be defined as the process of creating laws, rules, and regulations for a global scale, managing global processes without a global government, and forming international consensus on guidelines and agreements.
• 🌍 The UN was formed in response to the failures of the League of Nations and the devastation of World War II, with the aim of preventing future conflicts.
• 🔄 The purposes of the UN include maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving cooperation on international issues, promoting human rights, and serving as a center for harmonizing national actions.
• 🌟 The UN operates on five basic principles: sovereign equality of all member states, prohibition of the use of force, fulfilling obligations in good faith, ensuring non-members act in accordance with the charter, and non-intervention in domestic jurisdiction except to enforce peace.
• 🏢 The principal organs of the UN include the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
• 🔑 The General Assembly is central to the UN, making key decisions on international peace and security, development, human rights, and international law.
• 🛡️ The Security Council plays a leading role in determining threats to peace and can impose sanctions or authorize the use of force to maintain international peace and security.

Q & A

What is the primary goal of global governance?

The primary goal of global governance is to address gaps in the international system for managing complex issues and to engage stakeholders on practical steps for collective problem-solving.

What are the three main institutions under global governance mentioned in the script?

The three main institutions under global governance mentioned in the script are the United Nations (UN), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and the World Bank.

What was the main goal of the League of Nations?

The main goal of the League of Nations was to create world peace.

What was the Atlantic Charter and why was it significant?

The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration by the United States and the United Kingdom, which outlined idealistic goals for the world after World War II. It was significant as it laid the groundwork for the principles that would later be embodied in the United Nations.

How many countries signed the Declaration by United Nations during the Arcadia Conference?

Initially, 26 different countries signed the Declaration by United Nations during the Arcadia Conference.

What were the key outcomes of the Dumbarton Oaks Conference?

The Dumbarton Oaks Conference resulted in proposals for a world organization that became the basis for the United Nations. However, it did not provide a complete blueprint, as it failed to agree on crucial questions such as the voting system of the proposed Security Council.

What did the Yalta Conference resolve that the Dumbarton Oaks Conference had not?

The Yalta Conference resolved issues regarding the voting system of the proposed Security Council and the membership provisions for the constituent republic of the Soviet Union, which were not agreed upon in the Dumbarton Oaks Conference.

What are the five purposes of the United Nations?

The five purposes of the United Nations are: 1) To maintain international peace and security, 2) To develop friendly relations among nations, 3) To achieve cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems, 4) To promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, and 5) To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in achieving these ends.

What are the five basic principles underlying the United Nations?

The five basic principles underlying the United Nations are: 1) Sovereign equality of all member states, 2) No member shall use force or threaten force against the territory or political independence of any state, 3) All member states pledge to fulfill their obligations under the Charter in good faith, 4) The UN shall ensure that non-members act in accordance with the principles of the Charter, and 5) The UN shall not intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.

What are the six principal organs of the United Nations?

The six principal organs of the United Nations are: 1) The General Assembly, 2) The Security Council, 3) The Economic and Social Council, 4) The Trusteeship Council, 5) The International Court of Justice, and 6) The Secretariat.

What is the role of the International Court of Justice within the United Nations?

The International Court of Justice settles legal disputes submitted to it by states in accordance with international law and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Introduction to Global Governance

Global governance is a concept that involves multiple actors to coordinate collective action on a planetary scale. It aims to address gaps in the international system for managing complex issues and engages stakeholders in practical problem-solving. It also provides global public goods like peace, security, justice, conflict mediation, functioning markets, and unified standards for trade and industry. The paragraph introduces three key institutions under global governance: the United Nations (UN), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and the World Bank. The UN, founded in 1945, maintains international peace and security, promotes friendly relations, social progress, and human rights. The ICC investigates and prosecutes individuals charged with the most serious crimes. The World Bank provides funding and knowledge for developing countries, focusing on poverty reduction and sustainable development.

05:02

🏛️ Origins and Purposes of the United Nations

The United Nations was established after World War II with the aim of maintaining international peace and security. The paragraph discusses the failure of the League of Nations, which was created after World War I to prevent future conflicts but failed due to countries leaving the organization. It then describes key conferences that led to the formation of the UN: the Atlantic Charter, which outlined post-war goals; the Arcadia Conference, where 26 countries signed the Declaration by United Nations to defeat totalitarianism; and the Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta Conferences, which resolved issues regarding the structure of the UN. The paragraph concludes with the five purposes of the UN: maintaining peace and security, developing friendly relations, solving international problems, promoting human rights, and serving as a center for harmonizing national actions.

10:03

📜 Basic Principles and Principal Organs of the United Nations

The United Nations operates on five basic principles: sovereign equality of all member states, prohibition of the use of force, fulfilling obligations in good faith, ensuring non-members act according to UN principles, and non-intervention in domestic jurisdiction except to enforce peace. The paragraph outlines the six principal organs of the UN: the General Assembly, which makes decisions on international issues; the Security Council, which leads in maintaining peace and security; the Economic and Social Council, which addresses economic and social issues; the Trusteeship Council, which supervises the administration of trust territories; the International Court of Justice, which settles legal disputes; and the Secretariat, which carries out the day-to-day work of the organization under the leadership of the Secretary-General.

15:04

🔍 Challenges Faced by the United Nations

The final paragraph addresses the challenges faced by the United Nations in its quest to maintain international peace and security. It emphasizes the role of the Security Council in conflict prevention and the need for the UN to act as a mediator to create conditions for peace. The paragraph suggests that the effectiveness of the UN in achieving lasting peace depends on the cooperation and reinforcement of its various acts and organs working together.

Keywords

💡Global Governance

Global governance refers to the complex system of coordination and cooperation among various actors, including states, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations, aimed at addressing global issues that no single nation can solve alone. In the video, global governance is discussed as a movement that fills gaps in international systems to manage complex issues and engage stakeholders in collective problem-solving. It is also described as providing global public goods like peace, security, and justice.

💡United Nations (UN)

The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, and promote social progress, better living standards, and human rights. The video highlights the UN as one of the key institutions under global governance, emphasizing its role in maintaining peace and security and fostering international cooperation.

💡International Criminal Court (ICC)

The International Criminal Court is an international tribunal that investigates and, where warranted, tries individuals charged with the most serious crimes of concern to the international community, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The video mentions the ICC as one of the institutions under global governance, emphasizing its role in holding individuals accountable for grave crimes.

💡World Bank

The World Bank is a vital source of financial and knowledge support for developing countries, aiming to reduce poverty, increase shared prosperity, and promote sustainable development. In the video, the World Bank is described as one of the institutions under global governance, primarily catering to middle-income and low-income countries.

💡Global Public Goods

Global public goods are services or conditions that are beneficial to everyone worldwide, such as peace, security, and functioning markets. The video discusses global governance's role in providing these goods, which are essential for the well-being of people across the globe and are non-excludable and non-rivalrous in nature.

💡International System

The international system refers to the network of relationships between countries and international organizations. The video examines the gaps in this system for managing complex global issues and how global governance seeks to engage stakeholders to address these gaps.

💡Collective Problem Solving

Collective problem solving is the process of multiple stakeholders working together to address complex issues. The video emphasizes global governance's role in facilitating this process by coordinating diverse actors and encouraging cooperation to find practical solutions to global challenges.

💡Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body to govern itself without any interference from outside sources. The video mentions that all member states within the UN are sovereign and equal, a principle that respects the right of each country to decide its own government and policies.

💡Declaration by United Nations

The Declaration by United Nations was a wartime alliance formed during World War II by countries that pledged to continue fighting against the Axis powers. The video discusses how this declaration led to the formation of the United Nations, with 26 countries agreeing to join forces to defeat totalitarianism.

💡Charter of the United Nations

The Charter of the United Nations is the foundational treaty that established the UN and its purposes and principles. The video mentions the San Francisco conference, which resulted in the charter, outlining the UN's goals and functions.

💡Peace and Security

Peace and security are central themes in the video, with global governance striving to maintain international peace and security. The UN's first purpose, as highlighted in the video, is to maintain peace and security, exemplified by actions taken against North Korea's nuclear activities.

Highlights

Global governance is a movement that coordinates collective action at a planetary level.

Global governance aims to manage complex issues and engage stakeholders for problem-solving.

Global governance provides global public goods like peace, security, and conflict resolution.

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1945.

The UN's primary aim is to maintain international peace and security.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates and tries individuals for the most serious crimes.

The World Bank is a major source of funding and knowledge for developing countries.

Global governance is defined as the process of designing laws and regulations for a global scale.

Global governance involves the management of global processes without a global government.

Global governance is an international process of consensus forming that affects national governments.

The League of Nations was created after World War I with the goal of world peace but ultimately failed.

The Atlantic Charter was created to set new idealistic goals for the world after World War II.

The United Nations was formed with the goal of preventing the recurrence of global conflicts like World War II.

The Dumbarton Oaks Conference formulated proposals for a world organization that became the basis for the UN.

The Yalta Conference resolved issues from the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and proposed a trusteeship system.

The purposes of the UN include maintaining international peace, developing friendly relations, and solving economic and social problems.

The UN's five basic principles include sovereign equality of states, prohibition of force, and non-intervention in domestic jurisdiction.

The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.

The General Assembly is the heart of the UN where key decisions affecting member states are made.

The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security.

The Economic and Social Council is tasked with promoting higher standards of living and economic and social progress.

The Trusteeship Council was established to supervise the administration of trust territories.

The International Court of Justice settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions.

The Secretariat is responsible for the day-to-day work of the UN and is headed by the Secretary-General.

The UN faces challenges in being an effective channel for achieving lasting peace and security.

Transcripts

[Music]

global governance is a term used to

describe a movement that brings together

diverse actors

to coordinate collective athlete at the

level of the planet

good day we are from group 4 and we will

be tackling about global governance its

institutions and the different

definitions and even the role of the

united nations in global governance

so what is global governance global

governance examined the gaps in the

international system for managing

complex issues

and to engage stakeholders on practical

steps for collective problem solving

global governance also provides global

public goods

particular peace and security justice

and mediation system for conflict

functioning markets and unified

standards for trade in industry

under global governance there are three

institutions

[Music]

the first one is the united nation or

u.n

the united nations is founded in 1945

after the second world war

it is an intergovernmental organization

that aims to maintain international

peace and security

developing friendly relations among

nations and promoting social progress

better leaving standards and human

rights

um the second institution is the

international criminal court or icc

icc investigates and where warranted

tries individuals charged with the

gravest crimes of concern

to the international community these

crimes

are genocide war crimes crimes against

humanity

and the crime of aggression the last one

is the word that

the world bank is one of the largest

sources of funding and knowledge for

developing countries

of their five institutions in world

black they share a commitment to

reducing poverty

increasing shared prosperity and

promoting sustainable development

although assisting financially in big

scale

they primarily cater to middle-income

and low-income countries

so the next part is the different

definitions of global governance

having different perspectives global

governance can be defined

in numerous ways

[Music]

global governance is the process of

designating laws

or rules or regulations intended for a

global scale

it means that there is acceleration of

worldwide interdependence

both between human societies and between

humankind

and the biosphere moreover global

governance

is used to designate all regulations

intended for organization

and centralization of human societies

and

in that sense it is also the management

of global processes

in the absence of a global government

according to thomas juvies global

governance refers to concrete

cooperative problem-solving arrangements

many of which increasingly involve not

only the united nations of

states but also other namely

international secretariats and other

non-state

actors furthermore it refers

to the way in which global affairs are

managed which correspondingly explains

that global governance is also an

international process

of consensus forming which generates

guidelines and agreements

that affect national government and

international cooperation

global governance is not a singular

system that governs the whole world

but the various systems of global

governance have similarities

that is why it can be said that global

governance

is not a world government in a book

entitled modern organizational

governance

global governance pertains to the

political interaction that is required

to solve problems

that affect more than one state or

region when there is no power to enforce

compliance

this definition can be taken in the

context of the various state governments

having legitimate monopoly

on the use of force on the power of

enforcement

let us now proceed to the united nations

so now i will be discussing the

background and how the united nations

was formed

and it all started with a horrible war

called

world war one all of the world's super

powers were at it and it was supposed to

be the code

wars to end all wars so what is the main

goal of the league of nations

the main goal of the league of nations

was to create

world peace however it ended up failing

because some countries left the league

and caused it to crumble as it

ultimately failed to prevent

what became known as world war ii

ladies and gentlemen world war

ii was the world's worst history as it

took many lives so let us now proceed to

the pre-conference

two of the allies the united states and

the united kingdom

led the way in august 1941. the american

president

franklin roosevelt and the british prime

minister

winston churchill met up in newfoundland

to create atlantic charter one of the

conference that i will be discussing is

the atlantic charter

it stated new idealistic goals for the

world

after the war was over

and there are agreements under the

atlantic charter

and these are the followings first

their countries seek no expansion

territorial or

others second they desire to see no

territorial changes

third they must respect the right of all

peoples

fourth they will respect and pursue to

have equal terms

fifth to bring out the fullest

collaboration between all nations

sixth is the hope to see establish peace

which will afford to all nations seven

to enable the people to traverse the

high seas and oceans without him runs

and lastly to abandon the use of force

for violence on new year's day 1942

at the arcadia conference in washington

dc

26 different countries from around the

world agreed to sign the declaration

by the united nations the document

pledged that the 26 countries

that pay the quote being formed the

united states

united kingdom soviet union and china

would join forces to defeat

totalitarianism

specifically hitlerism

by the end of world war ii 21 countries

had agreed to the declaration

and even former friends of the axis

powers wished to sign the declaration

but not allowed to moreover

europe and pacific ocean heads of states

diplomats generals and government

officials

met several times with the goal of

creating another

international organization to keep the

peace

and that is the dumberton conference the

dumberton oaks conference in 1944 was

held in dumberton oaks in a mansion

georgetown in washington d.c where

representative of china

soviet union the united states and the

united kingdom

formulated proposals for a world

organization

that became the basis for the united

nations

the dumberton oaks proposals in this

matter did not

furnish a complete blueprint for the

united nations to which they have failed

to provide an

agreement on crucial questions such as

the voting system

of the proposed security council and the

membership provisions for the constitute

republic of the soviet union

thus another conference was held which

is the yalta conference

the third conference that i will be

discussing is the yalta conference in

crimea

the yalta conference held on 1945

resolved the issues on the dumberton

oaks conference

moreover this conference resulted in the

proposal of a trusteeship system

under the new agency to take the place

of league of nations mandate system

the proposals on this conference

supplemented the foreign basis

of negotiations at the san francisco

conference

out of which became the charter of the

united nations in 1945

so the next part that we are going to

talk about are the purposes of the

united nations

originally there are only four purposes

of united nations but we can separate

one into two

which makes it five

so the first purpose of the united

nation is to maintain international

peace and security

an example of this was when the united

nations security council took action

with the north korea's

nuclear and missile activities by

adopting nine sanctioned

resolutions against north korea in order

to maintain peace and security among

other nations

second purpose of united nation is to

develop friendly relations among nations

based on equal rights and

self-determination of people and to take

other appropriate measures to strengthen

peace

an example of this is every time they

held a convention to strengthen

peace among nations third purpose

of the united nations is to achieve

cooperation in solving international

economic social cultural and

humanitarian problems

an example of this could be their

projects to deliver humanitarian aid to

people that are hungry

sick and a chatter the fourth purpose

of the united nations is to promote and

encourage respect for human rights

and fundamental freedom for all without

distinctions to race

sex language or religion an example of

this

is through their conventions that are

held to promote human rights

another example of this is when the

united nations launched a comprehensive

review

on the philippine drug war the last

purpose of united nation

is to be the center for harmonizing the

actions

of the nation in achieving these ends an

example of this

could be when the united nations

mobilized a global fight against kovite

19.

[Music]

there are five basic principles

underlying the united nations

the first basic principle is all member

states are sovereign and equal

the security council under the united

nations develops friendly international

relations

that respect the sovereign equality of

its members

this deals with the right of each

country to decide for their own

government which may relate to the

questions of independence

autonomy elections and the legitimacy of

governments

the second basic principle is in all

international relations no member shall

use

force or threaten force against the

territory and political independence of

any state or behave in a manner

inconsistent

with the purposes of the united nations

the foundational treaty of the united

nations

also known as the charter prohibits the

threat or use of

force and calls on all members to

respect the sovereignty

territorial integrity and political

independence of

other states this covers some instances

in the context of inter or

interest state violence war or other

territorial conflicts

the third basic principle is all member

states pledge

to fulfill their obligations under the

charter in good faith

the charter states that members are

obliged to give

assistance to the united nations and

refrain from assisting states targeted

with preventive or enforcement

action this features some instances such

as calls for refraining from actions

that could be considered as providing

assistance

to estate underground action

the fourth basic principle is as if it's

necessary to preserve

peace and security the united nations

shall ensure

that countries which are not members act

in accordance with the principles of the

charter

the charter states that the organization

needs to ensure that non-united nations

members

act in accordance with its principles

this covers instances where the security

council had

addressed itself to non-members of the

united nations

the fifth basic principle is the united

nations

shall not intervene in matters which are

essentially within the domestic

jurisdiction of any state

except when it's acting to enforce peace

the charter states that the united

nations has no authority

to intervene in domestic affairs of any

state

while this principle shall not prejudice

the application of enforcement measures

this covers those cases where this

principle of non-intervention

by the united nations was raised and the

authority of the council

to involve itself in a particular

situation was questioned

[Music]

so the next part that we are going to

talk about are the principal organs of

the united nations

basically there are six principal organs

of the united nations

first the general assembly second the

security council

third the economic and social council

fourth is the trusted sheep council

fifth is the international court of

justice six

is the secretariat and my group mates

will

elaborately discuss each of the

principal organs of the united nations

and here is karen to discuss about the

first principle organ

of the united nations

[Music]

the general assembly was created in 1945

it is the heart of the united nations

because this is where key decisions are

made

that affect member states the general

assembly comprises 193 member states

where remembered countries have an equal

voice in decision making

in subjects about international peace

and security

including development these are men

human rights international law and the

peaceful arbitration

of disputes between nations it also

appoints the united nations secretary

general and elects the non-permanent

members of the security council

there are more than 500 treaties that

have been created under the assembly

such as the universal declaration of

human rights back in 1948

the sustainable development goals back

in 2015

this serves as a path to eradicate

poverty and address climate change by

the year of 2013.

the general assembly also featured a

signing ceremony

for the new treaty to prohibit nuclear

weapons

u and reform climate change preventing

sexual exploitation

and abuse and women's economic

empowerment

the security council takes the lead in

determining the existence of a threat

to the peace or or of aggression

it calls upon the parties to a dispute

to settle it by peaceful means and

recommends methods of adjustments

or terms of settlement in some cases

the security council can restart

imposing sanctions or even authorize the

use

of force to maintain or restore

international peace and security

security council also has 15 members

10 non-permanent and five permanent

members with better power

the china the russian federation united

kingdom of great britain

and northern ireland and the united

states of america

the economic and social council was

established by the united nations

charter

in 1945 which was amended in 1965 and

1974

to increase the number of members from

18 to 54.

the council was designed to be the

united nations main value

for the discussion of international

economic and social issues

they are the one who is responsible for

promoting higher standards of living

full employment economic and social

progress

identifying the solutions of

international economic

social and health problems facilitating

international cultural

educational cooperation and encouraging

universal respect for human rights and

fundamental freedoms

[Music]

next is the trusteeship council the

transit ship council was one of the main

organizations of the united nations

and was established to supervise the

administration

of trust territories as they

transitioned from colonies to sovereign

nations

under the charter the jersey ship

council is authorized

to examine and discuss reports from the

administering authority

on the political economic social and

educational advancement

of people of trust territories

in consultation with the administering

authority

to examine petitions from the undertake

periodic and other special mission

to trust territories

international court of justice was

established in june 1945

by the charter of the united nations and

began work in april 1946

the seat of the court is at the peace

palace in the hague netherlands

of the six principal organs of united

nations

it is the only one not located in new

york

the court's role is to settle in

accordance with international law

legal disputes admitted to it by the

states and to give

advisory opinions on legal questions

referred to it by the

authorized united nations organs and

specialized agencies

the international court of justice has

jurisdiction in two types of cases

contentious cases between states in

which the court produces binding

rulings between states that agree to

submit

to the rolling of the heart and advisory

opinions which provide reason

but non-binding ruling on properly

submitted questions to

international law usually at the request

of united nations general assembly

[Music]

so the last principle of oregon of the

united nations which i will talk all

about

is the secretariat this is one of the

main organs of united nation which is

organized along the department alliance

with each department or office having a

distinct area of action

and responsibility offices and

departments coordinate

with each other to ensure cohesion as

they carry out the day-to-day work

of the organization in offices and duty

stations around the world at the head of

united nation secretariat

is a secretary general

[Music]

as an organization that primarily aims

the maintenance of

international peace and security the

united nations is also faced with

challenges

[Music]

the biggest question is how can the

united nations be an effective channel

to attain lasting peace and security in

the world

as further discussed a while ago there

are organs of the united nations that

work in order to prevent conflicts

primarily the security council the

united nations can become an effective

medium to achieve lasting peace and

security in the world

because they are the organization that

acts as a middleman

in helping parties in conflict make

peace creating the conditions to prompt

the upholding and flourishing of peace

these acts reinforced by the united

nations

in order to be an effective measure work

together and reinforce

one another

[Music]

you