Historische Quellen - Einfach erklärt

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9 Oct 201904:52

Summary

TLDRThe video introduces the concept of historical sources and explains how historians use them to explore the past. It highlights that anything, from objects to people, can become a historical source if it provides insights into history. Through the example of finding old items in an attic, various types of sources are explained, including material sources (objects), written sources (letters), visual sources (photos), audiovisual sources (films), and oral sources (personal stories). The video also distinguishes between accidental historical remnants (relics) and intentional records (traditions).

Takeaways

📜 Historical sources are essential tools for historians to study the past.
💡 Any object or living being can become a historical source if it provides insight into the past.
📦 Physical items, like an old box found in the attic, can provide clues about history (example of material sources).
✉️ Written sources, such as letters from a grandparent, can reveal personal and historical details (example of written sources).
📸 Visual sources, like old photographs, can show what people looked like, how they dressed, and where they were.
🎥 Audiovisual sources, such as films and recordings, offer insight into historical events and people's lives.
🗣️ Oral sources, like stories told by grandparents, offer first-hand accounts and memories of the past.
🔍 Historical sources can be divided into ‘relics’ (unintentionally preserved, like skeletons or ruins) and ‘traditions’ (intentionally preserved, like diaries).
📝 Relics are unintentional remnants of the past, discovered later, like artifacts found by accident.
🏛️ Traditions are intentionally passed down to preserve history, such as monuments, texts, and recordings.

Q & A

What are historical sources?
-Historical sources are objects, documents, or any form of evidence that provide information about the past. Historians use these to learn about history.
Can any object or living being become a historical source?
-Yes, theoretically, any object or living being can become a historical source as long as it provides information about the past.
What kind of information can be learned from old letters found in a box?
-Old letters can provide insights into the thoughts, feelings, and events experienced by the people who wrote or received them, offering a window into their past.
What are some examples of visual historical sources?
-Examples of visual historical sources include photographs and films, which can show how people looked, dressed, and behaved during a particular time.
What are the five types of historical sources mentioned in the script?
-The five types of historical sources are: material sources (objects like the old box), written sources (like letters), visual sources (like photos), audiovisual sources (like films), and oral sources (like interviews).
What is the difference between 'Überreste' and 'Tradition' sources?
-‘Überreste’ (remains) are sources that are discovered by chance and have survived from the past unintentionally, while ‘Tradition’ refers to sources deliberately created and passed down for future generations.
What are some examples of 'Überreste'?
-Examples of 'Überreste' include old coins, skeletons, or ruins found accidentally, like during excavations.
How is a diary considered a source of 'Tradition'?
-A diary is considered a source of 'Tradition' because it was written intentionally to record the author’s thoughts and experiences, preserving them for the future.
What is an example of an oral historical source?
-An oral historical source could be an interview with a person who experienced past events, also known as a 'Zeitzeuge' (contemporary witness).
Why is it important to distinguish between different types of historical sources?
-Distinguishing between different types of historical sources helps historians understand how the information was preserved and whether it was intended for future generations or simply survived by chance.

Outlines

00:00

🏫 Introduction to Historical Sources

The video begins with a warm welcome to the Goldseller Realschule, introducing the concept of historical sources. It highlights that everyone and everything has a history, and historians rely on these sources to study and learn about the past. The video promises to explore what constitutes a historical source and how historians use them to gain insights into history.

🔍 What Can Be a Historical Source?

This section explains that practically anything or anyone can become a historical source, as long as it provides information about the past. To make this concept clearer, the video presents an example of exploring an old attic, where various items like an old box, letters, photographs, and film recordings offer glimpses into the past. These objects serve as examples of historical sources that tell stories about the people who owned them.

📜 Types of Historical Sources

Here, the video introduces different types of historical sources encountered in the attic: material sources like the old box, written sources such as letters, visual sources like old photographs, audiovisual sources like films, and oral sources, such as stories from people who lived through past events. These sources collectively help uncover different aspects of the past.

🧭 Understanding Sources: Remains vs. Traditions

The next segment elaborates on the distinction between two main categories of historical sources: 'remains' and 'traditions.' Remains refer to objects that survived unintentionally and were discovered later, like the old box in the attic. Examples include skeletal remains, ancient coins, or ruins uncovered by chance. In contrast, traditions are sources intentionally created to be passed down to future generations, such as diaries, official records, monuments, or historical writings.

📚 Intentional and Unintentional Historical Sources

The video concludes by reiterating the difference between sources that are accidentally preserved ('remains') and those intentionally left for future generations ('traditions'). Examples of remains include random discoveries like skeletal remains or ancient coins, while traditions include more deliberate historical records like diaries, monuments, or art created to preserve history.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Historische Quellen

Historical sources are the materials used to study and learn about the past. They can be objects, documents, or even people that provide insights into historical events or periods. In the video, examples include letters, photographs, and oral testimonies, all of which help uncover details about someone's grandparents' past.

💡Sachquellen

Material sources or 'Sachquellen' refer to physical objects from the past that provide information about history. In the video, the example of an old chest found in the attic illustrates this concept. The condition of the chest and its age can give clues about its historical context.

💡Schriftliche Quellen

Written sources are documents such as letters, diaries, or books that record historical information. In the video, the letters written by the protagonist's grandfather to their grandmother are highlighted as a source of knowledge about their lives and relationships.

💡Bildquellen

Image sources include photographs, paintings, or drawings that visually document a moment in time. The video uses old photos of the grandparents as an example, showing how their appearance, clothing, and surroundings reveal historical details.

💡Audiovisuelle Quellen

Audiovisual sources combine sound and visual elements, like films or audio recordings, that capture historical moments. In the video, film and audio recordings of the grandparents provide additional context on how they lived and what they looked like at specific points in their lives.

💡Mündliche Quellen

Oral sources consist of spoken testimonies or accounts, often provided by eyewitnesses or participants of historical events. The video explains how asking the grandparents directly about their past can offer personal stories and details that complement other sources.

💡Überreste

Remains or 'Überreste' refer to historical sources that have been accidentally preserved and later discovered. In the video, the old chest and its contents are described as remains, accidentally kept and later rediscovered in the attic.

💡Tradition

Tradition refers to historical sources that were intentionally preserved for future generations. In the video, a diary written by the grandmother is cited as an example of this, where personal thoughts and feelings were consciously recorded to be remembered.

💡Zeitzeugen

Eyewitnesses or 'Zeitzeugen' are people who personally experienced historical events and can provide first-hand accounts. The video suggests interviewing the grandparents as living witnesses who can share valuable stories about the past.

💡Überlieferung

Transmission refers to how historical sources are passed down from one generation to another. Sources can be transmitted unintentionally, as with the chest found in the attic, or intentionally, as in the case of the diary kept for future reflection.

Highlights

Introduction to historical sources and their significance.

Every person and object has a history, which can be explored.

Historians use historical sources to study and understand the past.

Anything that provides information about the past can be considered a historical source.

Example of finding an old box in the attic that provides clues about its age through its appearance.

Old letters from a grandparent can reveal insights into the family’s past.

Photos and films found in the attic show how people dressed, looked, and what they did in the past.

Talking to grandparents about these artifacts provides firsthand oral accounts of the past.

Historical sources can be classified into five categories: material sources, written sources, visual sources, audiovisual sources, and oral sources.

Material sources include objects like the old box found in the attic.

Written sources include letters, documents, and diaries.

Visual sources include photos and other imagery from the past.

Audiovisual sources include recordings, such as films and sound clips.

Oral sources include oral history from living witnesses or relatives, such as the grandparents' testimony.

Difference between ‘remains’ (accidentally preserved historical sources, like ruins or old coins) and ‘tradition’ (intentionally preserved records, such as diaries or monuments).