10. MATERI KULIAH TENTANG PENGERTIAN BANGSA.

Summary

The video script explores the concept of 'nation', distinguishing it from 'state'. It discusses various definitions by experts like Hans Kohn, Otto Bauer, and Ben Anderson, who view a nation as a group sharing race, language, customs, religion, or a political community. It also touches on the role of history, economy, and desire for unity in nation formation. The script highlights factors like primordial ties, sacred elements like religion, and the psychological sense of belonging as crucial in defining a nation.

Takeaways

• 🌐 A nation is a group of people sharing the same identity, culture, customs, and ideology, whereas a state is an organization that accommodates and serves these nations.
• 👥 According to Hans Kohn, a nation arises from similarities in race, language, customs, and religion, which differentiate one nation from another.
• 📚 Otto Bauer views a nation as a group of people with common characteristics due to shared fate and historical experiences, leading to a unified culture.
• 🌟 Ben Anderson sees a nation as a political community imagined within a clearly defined territory with acknowledged interactions.
• 🏛 Ernest Renan describes a nation as a group of people united by a spiritual bond due to shared history and common aspirations or goals.
• 📖 Jolbsen and Lipman in 'Politics Kidul Jual Hamster' by Robert Wisnu define a nation as a cultural unity and a political unity.
• 🏞️ Soekarno, the engineer, believes a nation is a large, strong group of people with a desire to unite, sharing a common fate, character, and living in a specific territory.
• 🏛️ A nation, sociologically and anthropologically, is a community that stands on its own, with each member feeling a unity of race, language, customs, and religion.
• 🏙️ Politically, a nation is a community in the same area subject to the sovereignty of its state, acknowledging and obeying the state's authority.
• 🌱 Factors that shape a nation include primordial factors like cultural, linguistic, and kinship similarities, and sacred factors like shared religion or beliefs.
• 🌐 Historical experiences, economic development, and the desire for a shared community and government are key elements in nation formation.

Q & A

What is the main difference between the terms 'nation' and 'state' as discussed in the script?

The script explains that 'nation' refers to a group of people sharing the same identity, culture, customs, and ideology, while 'state' is defined as an organizational framework that accommodates and serves the various nations within it.

According to Hans Kohn, what are the factors that contribute to the formation of a nation?

Hans Kohn suggests that a nation forms due to similarities in race, language, customs, and religion, which differentiate one nation from another.

How does Otto Bauer define the concept of a nation?

Otto Bauer views a nation as a group of people with shared characteristics resulting from similar fate and historical experiences, with a culture that grows and develops together.

What is the perspective of Ernest Renan on the concept of nation?

Ernest Renan believes that a nation is a group of people bound by a spiritual bond, united by shared history and common aspirations or goals.

What does Ben Anderson consider a nation to be?

Ben Anderson describes a nation as a political community imagined in a clearly defined territory with acknowledged boundaries and interactions.

What is meant by 'cultural Unity' in the context of nation as discussed in the script?

Cultural Unity refers to a shared cultural identity or a sense of belonging to a common culture among the members of a nation.

How does Insinyur Soekarno define 'nation'?

Insinyur Soekarno defines a nation as a large, hard group of people with a desire to unite, characterized by a sense of togetherness or 'gemenskap', sharing the same fate, character, and living in a specific area.

What are the factors that contribute to the formation of a nation according to the script?

The script mentions primordial factors like shared culture, language, customs, ethnicity, and kinship as well as the need for a common territory and a desire to form or be under self-governance.

What is the role of history in the formation of a nation as per the script?

History plays a significant role as it represents a shared struggle or experiences that foster solidarity among the members of a nation.

How does economic development affect the formation of a nation?

Economic development can lead to changes in the lifestyle of a society, and when a nation grows and develops economically together, its members can support each other in fulfilling their needs, thus maintaining the nation's continuity.

What are the characteristics of a nation as outlined in the script?

Characteristics of a nation include a sense of belonging, nationality, a defined territory, a common desire to form or be under self-governance, psychological solidarity, and shared cultural identity such as language.