Energy Conversion Technologies (Biomass And Coal) - [Introduction Video]

Summary

This introductory lecture focuses on music conversion technologies, emphasizing the importance of coal and biomass as alternative feedstocks for producing renewable fuel and chemicals. The course explores various conversion technologies, including thermal, thermochemical, biochemical, and chemical processes, each with its unique pre-processing and product outcomes. The lecture also covers coal conversion methods for liquid and gaseous products, highlighting the potential applications in industries and power generation. The course is designed for students and professionals in engineering and energy sectors, aiming to equip them with knowledge on designing and implementing sustainable energy conversion systems.

Takeaways

• 🌟 The course focuses on studying coal and biomass-based conversion technologies to produce fuel and chemicals as alternatives to fossil fuels.
• 🌱 Biomass and coal are highlighted as important resources for sustainable production due to the depletion of fossil fuels and climate change concerns.
• 🔥 Advanced conversion technologies are being developed to convert biomass to syngas and coal to chemicals through thermochemical, biochemical, chemical, and hybrid processes.
• 🔧 Thermal conversion processes primarily produce heat, which can be further used to generate steam and power.
• 🌡️ Thermochemical conversion processes include torrefaction, gasification, and pyrolysis, each producing different types of products like bio-coal, syngas, charcoal, gas, and bio-oil.
• 🌿 Biochemical conversion technologies such as ethanol fermentation and anaerobic digestion utilize raw materials like lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials to produce ethanol and biogas.
• 🧪 Chemical conversion processes involve the transesterification of non-edible oils to produce biodiesel.
• 💧 Coal conversion technologies are categorized into coal to liquid and coal to gaseous products, with processes like pyrolysis, solvent extraction, catalytic liquefaction, and synthesis of producer gas.
• ⚙️ The course is structured over eight weeks with 24 lectures, weekly assignments, and a mix of MCQs and short answer questions based on practice examples.
• 📚 The course is designed to be self-sufficient, though additional books and references are provided for those interested in deeper study.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the course on music conversion technologies?

The main focus of the course is on studying different coal and biomass-based conversion technologies to produce both fuel and chemical products.

Why are coal and biomass conversion technologies important?

Coal and biomass conversion technologies are important to fill the depletion of modern fossil fuel resources and to address the challenges posed by global climate change.

What are the four types of biomass conversion technologies mentioned in the script?

The four types of biomass conversion technologies mentioned are thermal conversion, thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, and chemical conversion.

What is the primary product of thermal conversion in biomass?

The primary product of thermal conversion in biomass is heat, which can be further used to produce steam and power.

What are the three different types of products obtained from pyrolysis in thermochemical conversion?

The three different types of products obtained from pyrolysis in thermochemical conversion are charcoal, gas, and bio-oil.

How does the raw material for biochemical conversion processes differ in terms of processing?

For biochemical conversion, lignosolic biomass requires a hydrolysis stage to produce reducing sugars for ethanol fermentation, while pure sugars and starches can be directly fermented to produce ethanol.

What are the two processes available for biochemical conversion?

The two processes available for biochemical conversion are ethanol fermentation and anaerobic digestion.

What is the primary energy product obtained from chemical conversion of biomass?

The primary energy product obtained from chemical conversion of biomass is biodiesel, produced through the transesterification process of non-edible oils.

What are the two types of coal conversion technologies discussed for producing liquid products?

The two types of coal conversion technologies discussed for producing liquid products are coal to liquid and coal to gaseous product.

What are the four primary technologies available for coal conversion to produce liquid products?

The four primary technologies for coal conversion to produce liquid products are pyrolysis, solvent extraction, catalytic liquefaction, and synthesis of producer gas.

Who should register for this course on music conversion technologies?

B.Tech, M.Tech, MS, and PhD students, faculty from academic and technical institutions, professionals in fields like chemical, agricultural, environmental, mechanical, energy engineering, biosciences, and bioengineering, and those interested in designing energy conversion systems can register for this course.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Introduction to Music Conversion Technologies

This introductory lecture focuses on the study of various coal and biomass-based conversion technologies aimed at producing fuel and chemicals. The course addresses the urgent need for alternative feedstock due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the threat of global climate change. It emphasizes the importance of coal and biomass as key raw materials for sustainable production. The lecture outlines four types of biomass conversion technologies: thermal, thermochemical, biochemical, and chemical conversion. Each technology is briefly explained, highlighting the pre-processing stages and the primary products obtained, such as heat, syngas, bio-coal, and bio-oil. The lecture also mentions the need for advanced technologies that can competitively produce fuel from biomass and chemicals from coal through processes like gasification and liquefaction.

05:02

🌱 Biomass and Coal Conversion Technologies

This section delves deeper into the different conversion technologies for biomass and coal. It starts with biochemical conversion processes like ethanol fermentation and anaerobic digestion, which utilize waste materials to produce biogas. The lecture then moves on to chemical conversion, where non-edible oils are transformed into biodiesel. The coal conversion technologies are categorized into coal to liquid and coal to gaseous products. Various methods like pyrolysis, solvent extraction, catalytic liquefaction, and synthesis gas are discussed, along with their respective products like charcoal, oil, and methanol. The lecture also touches upon the potential applications of these products in industries, power generation, and as chemicals. The course structure is briefly mentioned, consisting of 24 lectures over eight weeks, with assignments and practice examples to reinforce learning.

10:02

📚 Course Layout and Target Audience

The final paragraph outlines the course structure, which includes 24 lectures spread over eight weeks, with weekly assignments in the form of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and short answer questions based on practice examples. The course is designed to be self-sufficient, with the content covering a wide range of biomass and coal-based conversion technologies. It is recommended for students at various academic levels, including B.Tech, M.Tech, MS, and PhD, as well as faculty and professionals from academic, technical, and research institutions. The course is also suitable for those pursuing careers in chemical, agricultural, environmental, mechanical, energy engineering, and biosciences and bioengineering. It is particularly beneficial for those interested in designing energy conversion systems. The instructor encourages interested individuals to enroll and offers to address any queries regarding the course content.

Keywords

💡Music Conversion Technologies

Music Conversion Technologies refers to the methods and processes used to convert raw materials such as coal and biomass into usable forms of energy and chemicals. In the context of the video, this term is central to the course's focus on sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. The video discusses various technologies that fall under this umbrella, including thermal, thermochemical, biochemical, and chemical conversion processes.

💡Coal and Biomass

Coal and biomass are the primary feedstocks discussed in the video for the production of renewable fuel and chemicals. Coal is an abundant but non-renewable resource, while biomass is a renewable energy source derived from organic materials. The video emphasizes the importance of these resources in the face of fossil fuel depletion and climate change.

💡Thermal Conversion

Thermal conversion is a process mentioned in the video where heat is applied to coal or biomass to produce energy, primarily in the form of heat. An example given is the densification process, where biomass is compacted to facilitate combustion for heat production.

💡Thermochemical Conversion

Thermochemical conversion involves the use of heat and chemical reactions to convert coal or biomass into different forms of energy. The video outlines three types of thermochemical processes: torrefaction, gasification, and pyrolysis, each producing different products such as bio-coal, syngas, charcoal, gas, and bio-oil.

💡Biochemical Conversion

Biochemical conversion is a process that uses biological processes to convert biomass into energy products. The video mentions two main processes: ethanol fermentation, which can produce ethanol from reducing sugars derived from biomass, and anaerobic digestion, which converts waste materials into biogas.

💡Chemical Conversion

Chemical conversion is highlighted in the video as a process where non-edible oils are converted into biodiesel through a process called transesterification. This conversion technology is part of the broader effort to produce renewable fuels.

💡Gasification

Gasification is a thermochemical conversion process mentioned in the video where coal or biomass is converted into syngas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This syngas can be further processed to produce a variety of products, including electricity and chemicals.

💡Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is a process discussed in the video where coal or biomass is heated in the absence of oxygen, breaking down into its component elements to produce charcoal, oil, and gas. It is one of the key technologies for producing bio-coal and other energy-rich products.

💡Catalytic Liquefaction

Catalytic liquefaction is a coal conversion technology mentioned in the video where coal is processed in the presence of a catalyst and heat to produce liquid fuels. This process is part of the effort to create liquid fuels from solid coal.

💡Synthesis Gas

Synthesis gas, or syngas, is a key intermediate product mentioned in the video that is produced through gasification. It is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and can be further processed to produce a wide range of chemicals and liquid fuels.

💡Biofuel

Biofuel is a term used in the video to describe fuels derived from biomass. The video discusses the production of biofuels through various conversion technologies as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, with examples including ethanol and biodiesel.

Highlights

Course focuses on coal and biomass conversion technologies for fuel and chemical production.

Coal and biomass are seen as key to addressing fossil fuel depletion and climate change.

Advanced conversion technologies are being developed with a refinery approach.

Biomass conversion can produce syngas and chemicals through various processes.

Thermal conversion of biomass primarily produces heat and requires a densification process.

Thermochemical conversion involves pre-processing and can yield bio-coal, syngas, and bio-oil.

Biochemical conversion includes ethanol fermentation and anaerobic digestion, utilizing waste materials.

Chemical conversion of non-edible oils produces biodiesel through transesterification.

Coal conversion technologies are categorized into coal-to-liquid and coal-to-gaseous products.

Pyrolysis, solvent extraction, catalytic liquefaction, and synthesis gas are key coal-to-liquid technologies.

Coal gasification produces syngas, which can be further converted into various products.

The course is designed for eight weeks with 24 lectures and weekly assignments.

The course content is self-sufficient and covers a wide range of conversion technologies.

The course is suitable for students and professionals in various engineering and scientific fields.

The course will include practice examples and design aspects of conversion technologies.

The instructor encourages enrollment and is available to address queries at [email protected].

Transcripts

foreign

[Music]

good morning everyone welcome to this

introductory lecture to the course in

music conversion Technologies in this

course the main focus is on studying

different coal and biomass based

conversion Technologies to produce both

Fuel and chemical as a product coal and

biomass polarization is considered as an

important step to fill up the depletion

of modern fossil fuel resources the

anticipated long term decline in the

fossil fuel resource coupled with the

thread posed by global climate change

put forward

urgent requirements for alternative

feedstock to produce Renewable Fuel and

chemical intermediates coal as an

abundant resource and biomass as an

abundant renewable energy resource have

been recognized as an increasingly

important raw material for sustaining

able production of both Fuel and high

value chemicals indeed this driving

force has led to intense efforts to

develop Advanced coal and biomass based

conversion Technologies with Refinery

approach which to be competitive must

produce fuel from biomass that is for

example conversion of biomass to syngas

and chemicals that is conversion of coal

to chemicals by thermochemical

biochemical chemical and hybrid

processes

so now if you look at this biomass

conversion Technologies there are four

type of conversion technology is

currently available that may result in

specific energy and potential renewable

product so now if you look at the

particular chart the four Technologies

include thermal conversion

thermochemical conversion biochemical

conversion and chemical conversion now

if you look at this thermal conversion

process thoroughly if you can observe

here the thermal conversion process

leads to the production of primarily the

heat as a product whereas in case of

thermal conversion processes the fish

stock has to go through a pre-processing

stage that is called as a densification

process so that the densified product

can undergo the combustion process by

which the densified material is

undergoing ah the thermal conversion

basically to produce primarily the heat

as a product the heat produced from this

particular process further can be used

to produce steam followed by power as a

product now if you look at the

thermochemical conversion processes in

case of thermochemical conversion the

raw material has to undergo certain

pre-processing stage and these are

mainly depends on the process of choice

for example if we look at the

thermochemical conversion processes

there are three different types of

conversion processes are available that

is to refraction gasification and the

pyrolysis in case of torifaction the

product obtained is nothing but a bio

coal whereas in case of gasification it

produces mostly your skin gas as a

product and in case of paralysis majorly

three different types of products can be

obtained that is charcoal gas and bio

oil now the pre-processing of raw

material here mostly depends on the

specific process but except size

reduction is the main important part of

this thermochemical conversion processes

where the material has to be reduced to

a proper size and hence it can be

further used for the conversion purpose

whereas in case of biochemical

conversion processes if you look at the

biochemical conversion processes there

are majorly two processes available for

the biochemical conversion one is

ethanol fermentation and other is the

anaerobic digestion in case of ethanolic

fermentation it is mostly depends on the

quality of the raw material which is

being used for the conversion purpose

for example in case of lignosologic

biomass the material has to undergo a

hydrolysis stage to produce reducing

sugar that reducing sugars can further

be fermented to produce ethanol as a

product whereas in case of pure sugar

and starches it can directly be

fermented to produce ethanol as a

product now if you look at the anaerobic

digestion as we process so in this

particular process mostly the waste

materials are being used for the

conversion purpose so there are two

specific type of alternative processor

available in case of anaerobic digestion

that is called as a landfill gas and

biogas so in case of biogas process the

waste materials are being utilized to

convert into a biogas as a product so

the product obtained from the energy

after gas cleaning process can be used

as a pipeline quality gas

or it can be used as a CNG or LNG now

the last process in the biomass

conversion Technologies is the chemical

conversion in case of chemical

conversion processes the raw material

used are mostly a non-edible oils so the

non-edible oils undergoes the

transistorification process to produce

biodiesel as a product so now if you

look at this particular chart the

product mentioned here in this

particular chart are basically a primary

energy product which can be obtained

from this conversion Technologies

whereas this primer energy product can

further undergoes the conversion to

produce secondary energy product

so now in the similar line let us

discuss about the coal conversion

Technologies now if you look at the coal

conversion Technologies here we have

divided this coal conversion

Technologies into two types that is coal

to liquid as a product and coal to

gaseous product so first let us discuss

about coal conversion Technologies to

produce liquid as a product in case of

coal conversion here again if you can

see here there are four

primary Technologies are available in

the form of pyrolysis Salon extraction

catalytic liquefaction and synthesis of

producer gas so the paralysis of the

coal leads to a production of the

basically charcoal and the byproduct

which is obtained during the paralysis

of the coal is oil which undergoes the

hydro treating process to produce liquid

as a product similarly if you look at

the salon extraction process here so the

solid obtained after solid extraction

process are primarily ah pure quality

material which can directly use as a

solid product however if required this

solid materials can undergo again the

catalytic hydrogenation to produce

liquid quality product

now the third coal conversion technology

listed here is a catalytic liquefaction

so the catalytic liquid action process

undergoes the liquefaction reaction to

produce liquid as a product

and the next process in the cold

conversion technology is synthesis gas

so the gas produced in this particular

process after purification can lead to a

fissure drop synthesis reaction to

produce liquid as a product and also the

produce gas can undergo the methanol

synthesis to produce liquid methanol as

a product so now if you look at this

particular chart it shows mostly the

liquid product which can be obtained

using this different conversion

Technologies now if you look at the

another chart where we can see that how

this particular coal can be converted

into a gaseous product so basically the

coal in this particular case undergoes a

gasification reaction to produce seen

gas

as a product and after gas cleanup stage

the purified gas can further undergo

these different conversion Technologies

to produce these varieties of this

product

now if you see here there are four

different conversion Technologies are

available again in this case

first is fissure drop

methanol

hydrogenation and then the methylation

so the utility of the product obtained

from this particular processes find

application in Industries utility for

power generation also it can be used as

a chemicals so now at the end of this

particular chart if you see here so the

gas after cleaning which is called as a

fuel gas can directly be used for the

industrial processes and for the utility

purpose whereas this particular gas can

also be used to produce electric power

so all this coal and biomass based

conversion technologies will be

discussing in this course now if you

look at the course layout this course is

of eight weeks and each weeks there will

be a three lectures so in all there will

be a 24 lectures in this course and at

the end of each week there will be a

assignment the assignment will be of McQ

type that is multiple choice question

apart from that in this particular

course some of the modules will also

have the practice example so the major

impulse is in this particular course is

to discuss about these different

conversion Technologies and also to

design some of these conversion

Technologies using the theoretical

approach so I request those who are

interested to enroll for this course may

take up the exam as well in this

particular course the question will be

mostly of the McQ type and apart from

that there will be a short answer

question based on the practice examples

covered in a different assignments in

this course so books and references so

these are the books which can be used

for the reference purposes

but it is very difficult to find a

single book which covers all these

conversion Technologies so considering

that the content of this course is

designed in such a way that it covers

the wide spectrum of biomass and coal

based conversion Technologies and the

content of this course itself is

sufficient for the learning and the

reading purpose now who should register

so the beb Tech

mem Tech Ms and the PhD students are

faculties from reputed academic and

Technical institutions interested in

acquiring knowledge of different energy

conversion Technologies can register for

this particular course apart from that

those who are pursuing a career as a

chemical engineer

agriculture engineering environmental

engineering mechanical engineering

Energy Engineering or biosciences and

bioengineering apart from that those who

wants to pursue a career in designing

energy conversion systems such as

biomass and coal based conversion system

can also opt for this particular course

Executives Engineers researchers from

manufacturing service and government

organization including r d Laboratories

working in the area of Energy

Engineering can also enroll for this

course I request those who are

interested please register for this

course if you have any queries regarding

the content and the specific content in

the specific module you can write to me

at vvgode at the rate

iitg.ac.in and I will be happy to

address your queries thank you

[Music]

thank you

[Music]

good morning

[Music]