Geothermal Energy and Geothermal Power Plants | Lesson 7.1| Earth Science
Summary
TLDRThis video lesson covers geothermal energy and its significance in the Philippines, where it is a leading source of renewable energy. It explains the basics of geothermal energy, how it is generated from heat within the Earth's subsurface, and highlights the geothermal gradient, which shows how temperature increases with depth. The video also describes the three main types of geothermal power plants: binary cycle, dry steam, and flash steam, detailing their processes and how they generate electricity. Lastly, it discusses the re-injection of water to preserve geothermal reservoirs.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Geothermal energy is a major renewable energy source in the Philippines, making up almost 45% of the country's renewable energy production.
- 🔥 Geothermal energy is the heat derived from the decay of radioactive elements like potassium, uranium, and thorium, as well as residual heat from Earth's formation.
- 🌡️ Aquifers are rock reservoirs containing groundwater, but not all aquifers are capable of producing geothermal energy.
- 💧 For an aquifer to be classified as a geothermal reservoir, it must have a heat source, like a hot rock or magma chamber.
- 📉 The geothermal gradient refers to the increase in temperature as you go deeper into the Earth's surface, typically around 3°C per 100 meters.
- 🔁 There are three types of geothermal power plants: binary cycle, dry steam, and flash steam.
- ⚡ In a binary cycle power plant, heat is transferred from geothermal water to a secondary liquid with a low boiling point, which drives a turbine to generate power.
- 💨 A dry steam power plant directly uses steam from a geothermal reservoir to rotate a turbine and generate electricity.
- 💥 A flash steam power plant uses hot water from a geothermal reservoir, which flashes into steam in a cold tank, turning a turbine to generate power.
- ♻️ In all geothermal power plants, the water or steam used is re-injected back into the geothermal reservoir to maintain sustainability.
Q & A
What is geothermal energy?
-Geothermal energy is the heat that comes from the decay of radioactive elements like potassium, uranium, and thorium, as well as residual heat from Earth's formation. It involves techniques to recover heat from Earth's subsurface, particularly from aquifers containing groundwater.
How significant is geothermal energy in the Philippines?
-Geothermal energy is a major renewable energy source in the Philippines, accounting for almost 45% of the country’s renewable energy. The Philippines is the second-largest producer of geothermal energy in the world.
What is an aquifer, and how is it related to geothermal energy?
-An aquifer is a rock reservoir that contains groundwater. Not all aquifers can produce geothermal energy, but those connected with a heat source, such as heated rocks or magma chambers, are capable of generating geothermal energy.
What is a geothermal gradient?
-A geothermal gradient is the rate at which temperature increases as you go deeper into the Earth. The average geothermal gradient is around 3°C for every 100 meters of depth.
What are the three types of geothermal power plants?
-The three types of geothermal power plants are binary cycle, dry steam, and flash steam power plants.
How does a binary cycle geothermal power plant work?
-In a binary cycle power plant, water from the geothermal reservoir is pumped into a chamber where it transfers heat to another liquid with a lower boiling point. This second liquid vaporizes, turning a turbine to generate electricity. The water is then re-injected into the reservoir to maintain the supply.
How does a dry steam geothermal power plant operate?
-A dry steam power plant directly captures steam from a geothermal reservoir, which turns a turbine to generate electricity. The steam condenses into water, which is then re-injected into the geothermal reservoir.
How does a flash steam geothermal power plant function?
-In a flash steam power plant, hot water from the geothermal reservoir enters a tank where it rapidly vaporizes into steam. This steam turns a turbine to generate electricity. After cooling and condensing, the water is re-inserted into the reservoir.
What role do radioactive elements play in geothermal energy?
-Radioactive elements like potassium, uranium, and thorium decay over time, producing heat. This heat contributes to geothermal energy by heating rocks and aquifers deep within the Earth.
Why is it important to re-inject water into geothermal reservoirs?
-Re-injecting water into geothermal reservoirs is essential to prevent depletion of groundwater and to ensure the sustainability of the geothermal energy production process.
Outlines
🌍 Introduction to Geothermal Energy and Aquifers
The lesson introduces geothermal energy, explaining its significance as a renewable energy source, particularly in the Philippines, where it contributes nearly 45% of the renewable energy supply. Geothermal energy is derived from the Earth's heat, produced by the decay of radioactive elements like potassium, uranium, and thorium. The energy comes from both residual heat from the Earth's formation and heat stored in aquifers. These aquifers, which are rock reservoirs containing groundwater, are not always capable of producing geothermal energy. Only those connected to a heat source, such as a magma chamber or radioactive elements, can create geothermal reservoirs. The concept of geothermal gradient anomaly is introduced, stating that as we go deeper into the Earth, temperature increases by roughly 3°C per 100 meters.
🔋 Types of Geothermal Power Plants: Binary, Dry Steam, and Flash Steam
This section explores the three types of geothermal power plants: binary cycle, dry steam, and flash steam. In a binary cycle plant, heat is transferred from geothermal water to another liquid with a lower boiling point, which then drives a turbine. The used water is re-injected to prevent depletion of the geothermal reservoir. A dry steam plant, on the other hand, directly uses steam from the geothermal reservoir to power a turbine, after which the condensed water is reinserted into the reservoir. Flash steam plants operate by turning hot water into steam inside a flash tank, which powers the turbine, and then re-injecting the condensed water back into the geothermal reservoir. This efficient cycle helps maintain the sustainability of the energy source.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Geothermal Energy
💡Aquifer
💡Geothermal Reservoir
💡Binary Cycle Power Plant
💡Dry Steam Power Plant
💡Flash Steam Power Plant
💡Geothermal Gradient
💡Renewable Energy
💡Magma Chamber
💡Radioactive Elements
Highlights
Introduction to geothermal energy and its significance in the Philippines.
Almost 30% of the generated power in the Philippines comes from renewable sources, with geothermal energy as the major contributor.
The Philippines is the second top producer of geothermal energy globally.
Geothermal energy comes from the decay of radioactive elements like potassium, uranium, and thorium, as well as from residual heat from the Earth's formation.
Geothermal energy refers to techniques used to recover heat from the Earth's subsurface, particularly in aquifers.
Aquifers are rock reservoirs containing groundwater, but not all aquifers are capable of producing geothermal energy.
If an aquifer has a heat source, such as a hot rock or magma chamber, it becomes a geothermal reservoir.
Geothermal gradient anomaly: the temperature increases by about 3°C per 100 meters of depth below the surface.
Three types of geothermal power plants are discussed: binary cycle, dry steam, and flash steam.
Binary cycle power plants use a secondary liquid with a lower boiling point to transfer heat and power the turbine.
Dry steam power plants extract steam directly from the geothermal reservoir to turn the turbine.
Flash steam power plants use a tank to vaporize hot water into steam, which powers the turbine.
All three types of power plants reinject water back into the geothermal reservoir to prevent depletion.
Geothermal energy relies on natural heat sources like hot rocks and magma chambers to create steam or heat for power generation.
The next video will focus on hydrothermal energy and hydrothermal power plants.
Transcripts
welcome class
has seventh lesson at insert science in
this video we will talk about geothermal
energy
and the different geothermal power
plants
a little introduction about geothermal
energy
right now a major source of energy known
filipinas
is still fossil fuels you have coal
natural gases and
oil however almost 30
of our generated power came from
renewable sources
so at ampina a major source now
renewable energy pilipinas is geothermal
energy
almost 45 or half of that uh
renewable energy source came from a coal
globally philippine philippines is known
as the second
top producer of geothermal energy and
una cerista
is
thermal energy geothermal energy is the
heat that comes from the decay of
radioactive elements
such as potassium uranium and thorium or
this the radioactive elements is
technically
present and aside from that
as the residual heat coming from the
earth's
formation itself
another definition of geothermal energy
is that
it refers to all techniques used to
recover the heat in the earth's
subsurface particularly in aquifers
and if we're talking about aquifers
these are the rock reservoirs
that contain ground water
how an aquifer looks like technically an
aquifer is always connected with
groundwater
i want you to take note that not all
aquifer
is capable of producing geothermal
energy
paramagapak produce can and geothermal
energy
kayla and more non-heat source so we can
say
meron heated subpoena
again this is a heated rock and this
heated rock may be heated because
magma chambers this could be a magma
chamber
and this one or a cayenne spinach
radioactive elements that is producing
heat
so again i want you to take note that
aquifer
is mostly connected with groundwater and
not
all aquifer contains or capable
of producing geothermal energy
now if we are sure that an aquifer
is capable of producing geothermal
energy
we can say that this is a geothermal
reservoir so as i have said to you for
you to say that an aquifer
is capable of producing geothermal
energy
kayla and non-heat source so in this
case this
is the heat source a hot rock
again that had to rock
in some magma chamber or subpoena
radioactive element that produces heat
so this
hot drop will heat the water nanditos
then geothermal energy
another concept related with geothermal
energy is
geothermal gradient anomaly geothermal
regen
it is the heat or it is the concept that
the heat
tends to increase as you go deeper to
the ground haban paeda limka technically
young in it orient temperature mass
coming in and that the geothermal
gradient
that we have in our planet is around 3
degrees celsius
per 100 meters so we can say every time
that you go down deeper to our ground
for 100 meters the temperature
tend to increase
geothermal creation
the different types of geothermal power
plants
we have three types of geothermal power
plants
first one is binary cycle you also have
dry steam and you also have flash
steam so compare comparing
differentiate
let's go first with binary cycle
binary cycle first so it's a binary
cycle cash
now in a binary cycle and liquid
and a gametmo with this type of
geothermal power plant
so links
geothermal power plant now the idea is
that
there will be a well constructed
balloon or well that will try to
pump the water out of the geothermal
reservoir
so it will go here to this chamber and
it will transfer the heat
the heat coming from that liquid will
transfer the heat
into this other liquid uh motherless
it is not a water it is a different type
of
liquid namas
boiling point
that will make the turbine rotate and if
the turbine
rotated
generation next so after that steam idea
is that bubble electron steam
mag uh magnificent turn
into liquid and you will have a
continuous supply
of that liquid next the totality of
ballet
is a water coming from the geothermal
reservoir
so hapagna transparent young heat to the
second liquid
is
thermal reservoir to do re-injection or
re-insertion
of the water non-saganon hindima deplete
your groundwater
coming from the geothermal reservoir
another type of geothermal power plant
is your dry steam
power plant with dry steam power plant
naman
technically you are getting the steam
from the geothermal uh reservoir
so but uh
turbine to generate power and then
after some time that steam will condense
and that water will be reinserted
to your geothermal reservoir
next is your flash steam power plant so
with your flash
steam power plant and iron man
this one is a tank which we refer to
as a cold tank so that cold tank
will then produce steam panel
capac magnitude water the pontassa is
hot water will then turn into
a steam it will vaporize and that
vaporization
will then create a steam that will make
the turbine
turn to generate power and
after some time mako condension steam
and then
it will be re-inserted back to your
geothermal
reservoir
thank you for watching the next video we
will talk about
hydrothermal energy and hydrothermal
power plants
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