HOW TO READ A COMMERCIAL SITE PLAN, UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS, PRINT READING LESSON #3

Summary

In this educational video, Professor Tom Stevenson delves into the intricacies of reading commercial site plans, a crucial skill for construction management. He contrasts these with residential plans and emphasizes the importance of understanding site plans for visualizing building placement, adhering to zoning and building code requirements, and ensuring proper setbacks and elevations. Stevenson also touches on the significance of benchmarks, contour lines, and various site features like trees and infrastructure, providing practical tips for interpreting these elements on a site plan. The video is part of a series aimed at enhancing viewers' ability to comprehend construction drawings.

Takeaways

• 🏗️ The video series focuses on teaching viewers how to read and understand construction drawings, specifically site plans for commercial properties.
• 🏠 The purpose of a site plan is to visualize the building's location on the lot, including existing conditions, elevations, and slopes.
• 📏 Site plans are essential for obtaining building permits, ensuring compliance with zoning and building code requirements.
• 📍 Benchmarks are reference points used to measure elevations, often related to mean sea level, and are crucial for proper building placement and depth.
• 🌐 The terms 'site plan' and 'plot plan' are used interchangeably, with the latter being more common in the United States.
• 🌳 Site plans detail existing structures, vegetation, and infrastructure, and can be adapted for landscape and civil drawings.
• 📊 Contour lines on a site plan indicate elevation changes and can reveal features like hills, depressions, and potential water flow directions.
• 🏡 The video provides an example of interpreting a commercial site plan, including identifying property lines, building setbacks, and elevations.
• 🔍 It's important to verify information from the site plan with the actual site conditions, as plans may not perfectly reflect reality.
• ✅ The video emphasizes the importance of understanding scales on construction drawings, with the example given being a 1:200 scale.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video series by Tom Stevenson?

The main focus of the video series is to teach viewers how to read and understand construction drawings, specifically site plans for both residential and commercial properties.

Why are site plans important in the construction process?

Site plans are crucial as they help visualize the building's location on the lot, including existing conditions, elevations, and slopes. They ensure compliance with zoning requirements and building codes, such as setbacks and proximity to adjoining lots.

What is the difference between a site plan and a plot plan?

A site plan and a plot plan essentially refer to the same thing, with the term 'plot plan' commonly used in the United States and 'site plan' in Canada. Both terms describe a detailed drawing that shows the proposed building in relation to the property.

What is a benchmark in the context of construction drawings?

A benchmark is a reference point, often related to mean sea level, used to measure and establish elevations for construction. It helps determine the depth for footings and ensures the building's first floor is at the correct height above the finished grade.

How can contour lines on a site plan indicate the terrain's slope and features?

Contour lines on a site plan show elevations at various points. Closely spaced lines indicate a steep slope, while widely spaced lines suggest a gentle slope. Circular patterns may indicate hills or depressions, and lines following each other can suggest swales or valleys.

What additional information can site plans provide beyond the building's location?

Site plans can also show existing structures, fences, retaining walls, paved areas, catch basins, and landscaping elements like trees and shrubs. They may also include information on utilities, property corners marked by steel iron bars, and geotechnical data from boreholes.

How does Tom Stevenson suggest verifying the accuracy of a site plan?

Tom Stevenson recommends visiting the site in person to verify the accuracy of the site plan, as the map may not perfectly represent the actual conditions on the ground. This is important for ensuring that all dimensions and features are correctly understood before construction begins.

What does the presence of dashed lines on a site plan typically indicate?

Dashed lines on a site plan can indicate various things, such as hidden lines behind other features, vents for plumbing, optional features, or elements to be removed. They can also represent contour lines showing natural or finished grade elevations.

What is the purpose of showing finished grade elevations on a site plan?

Finished grade elevations on a site plan indicate the desired elevation of the ground around the building after grading is complete. This helps in planning the building's relationship with the surrounding landscape, ensuring proper drainage and accessibility.

How can the scale of a site plan affect the way it is read and interpreted?

The scale of a site plan, such as 1:200 mentioned in the script, determines the ratio between the drawing's dimensions and the actual size of the property. Understanding the scale is essential for accurately interpreting measurements and distances on the plan.

Outlines

00:00

🏗️ Introduction to Commercial Site Plans

Tom Stevenson, a professor of construction management, introduces the topic of commercial site plans. He explains the purpose of site plans, which is to help visualize the location of a building on a lot, taking into account existing conditions, elevations, and slopes. Site plans are essential for obtaining building permits, ensuring compliance with zoning and building code requirements. The video also mentions the author's textbook and encourages viewers to subscribe for more content on construction drawings.

05:02

📈 Understanding Site Plan Details

The script delves into the specifics of site plans, such as benchmark elevations, which are reference points for construction. It explains how benchmarks are used to ensure that buildings are constructed at the correct depth and grade. The video mentions different terms for site plans, like 'plot plan,' and discusses the importance of looking at legends to understand various symbols used in site plans. It also covers the information site plans provide, such as the location of buildings in relation to property lines and the conversion of site plans into landscape drawings.

10:02

🌳 Site Plan Elements and Contour Lines

This section discusses the elements typically found in site plans, including fences, retaining walls, and storm drainage. It emphasizes the importance of contour lines, which indicate elevation changes and can reveal features like hills, depressions, or potential water-holding areas. The script explains how contour lines are used to determine the slope of the land and how they can be used to identify the direction of water flow and the presence of swales.

15:02

📏 Measuring and Locating the Building on the Site

The script explains how to measure and locate a building on a site plan. It covers the identification of property lines, setbacks, and the dimensions of the building. The video uses a highlighter to visually demonstrate how to trace property lines and building perimeters. It also discusses the importance of checking measurements on-site to ensure accuracy and mentions the removal of existing foundations as indicated on the site plan.

20:03

🏡 Finalizing the Building's Position and Additional Site Features

The final paragraph focuses on finalizing the building's position on the site plan, including setbacks and elevations. It also mentions additional site features like concrete paths, paving slabs, and infrastructure elements like water mains and utility poles. The script provides an example of how to read and interpret elevations and contour lines to understand the site's topography. It concludes with a reminder about the importance of understanding scales in construction drawings.

📘 Conclusion and Call to Action

Tom Stevenson concludes the video with a summary of the key points covered and a reminder to subscribe and turn on notifications for more videos on construction drawing and project management. He emphasizes the importance of the construction community and encourages viewers to explore related playlists.

Keywords

💡Site Plan

A site plan is a detailed drawing that outlines the proposed construction or development of a property. It includes information about the location of the building on the lot, existing conditions, elevations, and slopes. In the video, the professor emphasizes the importance of site plans for visualizing the project's layout and ensuring compliance with zoning and building code requirements. The site plan helps to determine setbacks, property lines, and the building's relation to its surroundings.

💡Benchmark

A benchmark is a reference point used in surveying to establish elevations. It is often related to mean sea level and is crucial for ensuring that buildings are constructed at the correct height relative to the surrounding grade. In the script, the professor mentions that benchmarks are used to measure from, allowing for accurate depth determination for footings and ensuring that the first floor of a building aligns with the finished grade.

💡Elevation

Elevation in construction refers to the vertical height or level of a point or a surface in relation to a reference point, such as mean sea level or a benchmark. The video discusses how elevations are depicted on site plans, showing existing and finished grades, which are essential for grading and construction. The professor gives an example where 'top equals bm elevation 100' indicates the top of a fire hydrant at a benchmark elevation of 100.

💡Zoning Requirements

Zoning requirements are regulations set by local authorities that dictate how land can be used, the types of structures that can be built, and where they can be located. These requirements ensure that developments adhere to community plans and standards. The script mentions that site plans are necessary to verify compliance with zoning regulations, such as setbacks from property lines and proximity to adjoining lots.

💡Setback

A setback is the required distance between a property line and the nearest point of a building or structure. Setbacks are established by zoning ordinances to ensure proper spacing, safety, and aesthetic considerations. In the video, the professor explains how site plans show setbacks, which are measured from property lines to the building's exterior walls, ensuring that the construction meets local regulations.

💡Contour Lines

Contour lines on a site plan represent continuous lines of equal elevation across a landscape. They are used to depict the terrain's shape and slope, which is vital information for grading, drainage, and construction planning. The video script describes how contour lines can indicate hills, valleys, or depressions and are used to understand the existing and finished grades of a site.

💡Finished Grade

Finished grade refers to the desired final elevation of the ground surface after grading and landscaping are complete. It is an important aspect of site planning as it affects drainage, building placement, and overall site aesthetics. The professor in the video uses the example of a concrete path with a finished grade of 99.4 to 99.2, indicating a slope from the building towards the road.

💡Plot Plan

A plot plan is another term for a site plan, particularly used in the United States. It shows the layout of a property, including existing structures, topography, and proposed construction. The script mentions that a plot plan, like a site plan, provides essential information for construction projects, such as the location of buildings, property lines, and landscaping elements.

💡Landscaping Drawings

Landscaping drawings are detailed plans that depict the design and layout of outdoor spaces, including plantings, walkways, and other landscape features. These drawings are derived from site plans and provide specific guidance for implementing the landscape design. The video script notes that site plans can be converted into landscaping drawings, which may include tree protection zones and detailed planting layouts.

💡Surveyor

A surveyor is a professional who measures and maps land areas to determine property boundaries, elevations, and other physical features. In the context of the video, the surveyor's role is crucial as they provide the site plan and ensure its accuracy. The script mentions that the name and address of the surveyor who supplied the survey for the site plan are often shown on the plan.

Highlights

Introduction to commercial site plans as part of a series on construction drawing reading.

Explanation of the importance of site plans for visualizing the building's location on the lot.

Discussion on site plans as a requirement for building permits and adherence to zoning and building code requirements.

Clarification on the difference between site plans and plot plans, and their usage in different regions.

Description of the role of benchmark as a reference point for elevations in construction.

Detail on how site plans show various elements like fences, retaining walls, and drainage systems.

Importance of checking legends on site plans for understanding symbols used.

Potential of site plans to be converted into landscape drawings for detailed planning.

Explanation of contour lines and their significance in indicating elevation changes and landforms.

Use of boreholes for geotechnical surveys and their representation on site plans.

Guidance on identifying property lines and the building's location on the site plan.

How to determine setbacks and building dimensions from the site plan.

Advice on verifying information from site plans with actual site conditions.

Mention of the significance of finished grade elevations in site planning.

Highlight of the use of steel iron bars as monuments indicating property corners and elevations.

Discussion on the practical application of site plans in construction project management.

Encouragement for viewers to subscribe and engage with the channel for more construction-related content.

Transcripts

hi i'm tom stevenson professor of

construction management in this series

we're looking at how to read and

understand construction drawings print

reading blueprint reading whatever you

want to call it today we're going to be

looking at commercial site plans this is

lesson three in the previous two videos

we looked at different sets of

residential site plans so i thought it'd

be interesting to take a little look at

a simple

commercial site plan and expand upon

some of the things that we've talked

about in the previous videos if you're

interested in learning more about

understanding construction drawings you

can look at my playlist subscribe to my

channel

click on the

notifications icon and you'll see new

videos as they come up i've also written

a textbook called understanding

construction drawings for housing in

small buildings

and it's actually in its fourth edition

it's available on amazon

okay let's get started

so we're going to be talking about a

commercial site plan today but why do we

have site plans to begin with well one

of the things i'm going to stress in

this series of videos is number one you

want to visualize things and a site plan

will help you visualize exactly

where the building is going to be on the

lot some of the existing conditions

potentially some of the various

elevations and slopes on the property

sometimes it will show existing grade

and finish grade sometimes it'll just

show finished grade depending on the

type of drawing it is a requirement to

get a building permit you know they want

to make sure the town or municipality or

city wants to make sure

that you're building it in the right

place

you've sized it according to their

zoning requirements most towns cities

and areas will have zoning requirements

regarding how far the building has to be

set back its proximity to adjoining lots

uh building code requirements for things

like what we call in canada limiting

distance if there's a fire you know it

may go from hop from one building to

another so where are the openings how

big can the openings be

can there be any openings depending on

how close uh the building is to the

property line

so there's a lot of requirements that

come into into play there

and more that we'll discuss in these

series

so uh as i said site plan gives you a

lot of information but let's let's just

take a quick look at some of the things

that we should uh think about and some

of the things i haven't covered that

much in the other videos although i did

talk about levels and elevations

uh benchmark is a reference point so

usually a benchmark is referencing mean

sea level or average sea level

and everything is sort of laid out and

been measured surveyed

over the years and decades and there's

markings in every town and city at what

the elevation points are and their

reference points that then whoever is

laying out the building can reference

from that

and so that the elevations will tell you

how deep you can go

so that the footing will be at the right

depth so when you build the actual

building the first floor will be at the

right amount above the finished grade

and the finished grade what elevation do

we want that so everything is referenced

from a benchmark which is important from

that perspective you know if they're not

if you're just doing a simple building

it may not be referenced to mean c level

they might you just use a number like 10

or 100 and that just ensures that you

know what depth you're going to go in

relation to that benchmark very often a

fire a local fire hydrant

might be used and that might be

benchmarked at that particular elevation

and that way you're not dealing with

negative numbers uh for those for those

purposes so if you see all of a sudden a

benchmark is listed at 100 that's that's

what's going on because there's no way

the mean sea level is going to be

exactly at 100 and where you're building

it very very unlikely anyways

okay so

a good example here this is a close-up

zoomed in it says top equals bm almost

looks like an 8 but bm benchmark

elevation 100 all right so that's just

saying the top of the fire hydrant that

would be a symbol for a fire hydrant in

that case and it tells you it

right there and this is in metric so

those of you that may be using imperial

measurement wherever you're from

uh the uh difference is it's all the

same the way it's referenced you know

that could be a that could be at 100 uh

yards or that could be at 100 feet

depending on what it is that you're

referencing for us

in canada it's typically going to be in

meters and so that's what that's

referring to

all right

um so

we also should say that site plans plot

plans plot plans is another word for a

site plan

united states they usually call it plot

plan we tend to call it site plan i

think out west we tend to call it plot

plan as well they mean the same thing

and it will show it'll show things like

typically fences existing structural

retaining walls maybe swimming pools

storm drainage paved and unpaved areas

catch basins

there's usually a legend always always

look at the legend whatever drawing

you're you're using look at the legends

especially i find site planned they tend

to have a number of different symbols

that they use from

drawing to drawing and the name and

address of surveyor who supplied the

survey for the site improvement plan or

site plan if you will is very often

shown as well on maybe a registered

surveyor like in ontario canada we say

ols ontario land surveyor as an example

it'll also typically show existing trees

and shrubs maybe above a certain size

site plans can also be converted to

landscape drawings uh specific civil

drawings a

variety of different layout drawings you

know landscape drawings would be very

detailed maybe there's tree protection

zones that have to be

put up

certain trees need to be protected over

a certain size maybe it would indicate

trees that could be removed because

they're dying or they've got some sort

of disease or something like that uh and

uh detailed then there's other

landscaping drawings that'll show where

the plantings are going and where the

new trees are going and list them and

have tables that associate with it so

these are related drawings but the site

plan typically is going to be very

detailed as far as showing you where the

building is going to go in relation to

the property and uh providing that

information and if it's on a simple

drawing it may be having everything on

the one plan

okay so we take a look at it from uh

that point of view and there would be

contour lines contour lines are lines

that show the elevations at various

points and we'll take a look at that

very shortly

contour lines if they kind of go around

in a circle

then it's either going to be a hill

or it's going to be a depression or a

ponding area

because it'll be us

enclosed with a circular contour line

and that would typically

perhaps fill with water or it might be a

designed pond like a storm management

pond

that's put in there for a reason you'll

also see certain indicators like valleys

in the contour line that are following

each other that usually will indicate

that you've got a little bit of a swale

that's in that spot and it will usually

point upstream where the point is and i

think i've got an example of that in an

upcoming

uh little snippet here so here's your

contour lines and contour lines you may

find that they may show existing

and then they might show uh the finished

grade in this case it's showing the um

this particular case well i don't

actually have the legend so i'm not 100

sure but

because they switched them around like i

said so this is probably going to be the

finished grade perhaps just looking at

it

the high point is where the where the

house is and then it's going lower

towards the outside edges 104 103 102

103 102 101 100. so it's basically

sloping both directions away that from

the house usually you'd also want the

right around the house to be at the

highest level perhaps maybe about

150 millimeters or six inches higher

than the surrounding area so it slopes

away from uh the house

all right and so

as i said uh contour lines will give you

those indicators now if they're fairly

close together it indicates it's a steep

slope in the previous videos we looked

where there was a steep gradient change

and there was a different hatching for

that in this example today we'll look at

where the contour lines are pretty close

and that just means it's steep in that

particular area and that when they

connect around um

they basically form that sort of hill or

pond uh that i was mentioning but you

got to remember that every point along

this line it's telling you that it's at

that elevation so if it squiggles off a

little bit that means that it changes an

elevation at a certain point now sorry i

think this one is actually the existing

grade because it's kind of

off in a few spots more likely when this

would have been

finished graded it would be probably

more even of a slope

all right and so here's a good example

here we can see uh in this area here

there's a storm pond

and so the base of the storm pond is

pretty much level out because that's

going to be where the the water is going

to be filling up so the base of it they

don't want it to be having high and low

points where some is out of the water

and some is not so they pretty much have

that leveled out and you see that along

here these lines are pretty close

together and so 128 127.5 you can see

it's going down so the number is going

down same thing over here number is

crested at

127.5 128 over here following that

contour line and then it's flowing

downward in that direction here

you can also see existing trees these

circles here are representative of

existing

trees that are

circling around the pond and we can also

see some shrubs around here

let's point out we can see these little

points here so this would indicate here

that there would be kind of like a swale

almost flowing down towards uh the water

in this direction so

swale and then it's kind of a more

uniform

kind of falling down of the water in

that direction

so we see a bunch of those different

indicators

flowing around and oh these little

symbols here

are for boreholes again if you had the

legend it would tell you that's for

boreholes and the boreholes are numbered

uh essentially the boreholes are done

for geotechnical surveys and studies um

to

reference a whole bunch of different

tests that might be done on the soils in

that particular area to check basically

the soil types perhaps to see if there's

any

toxins in the soil if it's a brownfield

site

that basically maybe it was a former

factory area or those types of things so

the boreholes can be done for a number

of reasons

and are required typically so contours

uh

as i said are placed closely together

that means it's more steep steep and if

they're farther it's less so you can see

in this particular example

uh this is our commercial building here

and it's always helpful to try to figure

out what you're what you're actually

looking at

and try and reference that so let's see

if i can get a highlighter maybe going

here

maybe go with yellow that looks like

i've got it here

and

so we will go draw some lines across

here see if you can see them all right

so that's yellow that line there is a

property line

and then i'm going to go down i think i

went a little bit too far with that

property line line it's going to be a

little bit squiggly here

but we'll just follow this down

continuing to follow this down here

and i'm going to bring it across

at the property line

nice wide line here

bring it straight up

[Music]

i can connect that there

there we go

we can clearly see now that the

outline here is following right along

here

right along down there right along here

on the yellow

and up the side here okay so that's the

property line now we got to decipher

where is the actual building so maybe we

use

blue for that so you gotta look fairly

closely

and in this case i can see that the

proposed new building is going across

here

it's going

down

this

side there

it's coming across

here

and it's going up

there so now we can see where the

building is actually

located right so that is the perimeter

of the building which is important to

figure out

use the laser pointer all right

so

you see it says north here that always

look for that it sometimes it's just

outside the image here it's inside the

image right there but north as we've

said in other videos that means that's

west that's east that's south all

they'll ever give you is north that i've

usually seen

and here so going from the east properly

property line towards the west this is a

setback 7.6 meters yours it could be you

know

20 feet could be 15 feet 30 feet

dash

decimal so many feet

this is the width of the building from

outside to outside 16.8 meters

from the west side 8.4 meters right so

you've got your width you've got your

location you've got your setbacks here's

your rear setback uh

line is at

flowing through well that looks like

it's exactly in alignment with the

building here

i would check that because easy to check

here you've got 5000 right

and then you've got

so 5000 from the front property line the

building is 20.8 meters 20.8 meters

means it's 20

800

millimeters right so that's very easy

again to check you just move in metric

you just move the decimal place three

places one for decimeters

centimeters millimeters right so one

that's the nice thing about metric each

space has a hole there so all you got to

know if i'm dealing with meters i move

it three places and then i'm into

millimeters most construction drawings

you know they'll measure out if they're

in metric they'll measure out in

millimeters the actual architectural

drawings which we look at later

is in going to show it in millimeters so

you got to know how to quickly convert

one way or the other plus if you're

ordering concrete or something like that

very easy uh if it's given in

millimeters to convert it to meters

that's the nice thing you just go the

other way three decimal places

all right so we can see where the

building is set back from we've got

these different locators here and yes

because this is 20.8 as i said that

tells you this is the

setback from the north property line to

the building 12.6

millimeters so now you know that those

locations so we can locate where the

building and this is the exterior

building walls are going to be located

so basically the outer part of the

foundation wall

you can also see here that's interesting

you see the dash line

line of existing foundations to be

removed so there must be an existing

building here or at least an existing

foundation and if you

investigate the site you should always

go to the site anytime you're going to

be quoting anything looking at anything

there's this old say saying that the map

is not the territory right so this is

the map

may not be exactly the way the map shows

on sites you always want to verify

things and review it and check it on

site that's why usually and also in the

title block it'll be telling you to

verify dimensions and check with the

consultants if there's any discrepancies

because there's discrepancy the map is

never exactly like the territory but

it's usually pretty good all right

so we have that uh we're showing that we

would remove the existing so

these dashed lines they mean a lot of

things in construction drawings

they can mean hidden lines and that

usually means something that's behind

something we'll get into that more as we

go further in the course

uh

it could mean vents for plumbing pipes

usually as a dashed line it could be

describing something that is an option

that if you want to pay extra for it you

can get it

it could mean that

there is something like this that's to

be removed and for sure see the contour

lines it can mean contour lines me

representing certain elevations in this

case it's the natural grade so this is

before it's graded finish grade on this

particular set of drawings is giving out

a variety

of um different uh plate actually the

finished grate is given like at the

where the

furnished first floor is going to be and

where the structural slab is going to be

on this simple drawing like on our

previous drawings it would show the

underside of the footings that would

give you the depth that you have to

excavate to so there's usually a lot of

finished elevations that are provided so

here you see a finished grade indicated

by the box and so this is showing you

where you've got some finished grade

elevations that are provided right

and

concrete path 99.4

99.2 that would tell you that this

concrete path is going to slope from the

building towards

the road or the sidewalk out on the

other part right south street here um so

99.4 to 99.2 it's going to slope in this

distance 5 000

uh 15

feet if you will a little bit over the

15 feet it's going to slope 200

millimeters which is 8 inches so it's

going to have a pretty good slope

towards the front

here we've got 600 by 600 concrete

paving slabs

that would be laid out in this

particular area here and so that's what

that's telling you there and they're

going to be at 99.3

i elevation

and we have also here this is showing a1

this is an for an architectural grid on

the architectural drawings you would see

basically a grid layout which is

tied to the planning grid or structural

grid to show

where key structural elements are and

this is basically your reference point

so you know when you look at a1 on the

floor plans this is where this is on the

actual

uh site plan

where you typically don't need the grid

because you're not doing those

structural

points but at least you know and you can

orient yourself you're always trying to

orient yourself with the drawings right

and these steel sibs this is for steel

iron bars i talked about that in a

previous uh video one or two and i gave

example those are your those are

basically your monuments that are driven

into the ground those steel iron bars

and that's showing you the corners of

the property surveyors do that to

indicate where the corners are of the

property and you can see what the

elevations are at those corners as well

so if i was to ask you

what is the highest elevation on the

corners you could merely look around and

you could see okay that's

99.950 that's 99.525

a little bit higher you'd see down here

that's 98.820

and

99.450 so you know that it's kind of

sloping a little bit this way right and

you see here it's 99.4

and so you got 99.4 99.525

uh that it is indeed sloping a little

bit that way

all right

so it's giving you a little bit of

that information you can see this is

basically representing a little bit of a

walkway or sidewalk around

the outside of the building this is an

asphalt

service area

here

for the building and we have

uh again here some infrastructure things

the water main

hydro and telephone pole so it says tp

and hp

telephone pole hydro pole right so it's

indicating where they are 300 represents

the size of the water main so it would

be a fairly large water main at 12

inch size of course we see some simple

uh legend points over here benchmark

telephone pole hydroline pole steel iron

bar natural grade you should get a good

sense of elevations

contour lines by looking at this drawing

and how it's set back from the property

lines first step

figure out where the property lines are

next step figure out where the building

is right and visualize that and then you

can get a good sense of what is actually

going on in that particular case we'll

talk about scales in another video but

this is scale 1 to 200 so it's 1 200th

full size it's been greatly reduced and

that's what we do with drawings we

reduce them that basically means that

every millimeter represents 200

millimeters in real size or every foot

represents 200 feet in real size if it

was represented that way it's a ratio

okay that's what i wanted to get done

today uh this is tom stevenson wishing

you a wonderful day and don't forget to

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construction community

bye for now