ART HISTORY in the PHILIPPINES || ART APPRECIATION

Sir D. Vlogs and Tutorials

12 Oct 202206:20

Summary

TLDRThis video explores the history of art in the Philippines, spanning from pre-colonial times to the present. It delves into the unique art forms, architecture, and cultural influences from different periods, including pre-colonial indigenous art, the Islamic period, Spanish colonial architecture, and the influence of American and Japanese occupations. The video highlights how Filipino art evolved under various global influences, leading to the development of contemporary art today, which incorporates both traditional and modern techniques. The narrative also emphasizes the cultural significance and resilience of Filipino art throughout history.

Takeaways

🌍 Art history is a global study that examines art as a reflection of human history and societal understanding.
🏺 The art of the Philippines has been influenced by a variety of global art movements due to colonization.
🗿 Pre-colonial Philippine art (900-1556) showcased indigenous cultures, rituals, oral literature, and cave writings.
🕌 The Islamic period (1201 onwards) introduced Islamic art and architecture, with the Quran as significant literature.
⛪ The Spanish Colonial period (1521-1898) brought Christian and Catholic influences, Baroque architecture, and religious sculptures.
🎭 American occupation (1898-1946) modernized architecture and introduced new forms of entertainment like Vaudeville.
🎨 The Japanese Occupation (1946-1969) was a dark period for Philippine art, but it also saw the rise of Modern Art pioneers.
🏛 Post-WWII to the 1970s, there was a surge in abstract and public art, along with advancements in architecture.
🌐 Contemporary Philippine art (from the 1970s to present) has embraced multimedia, mixed media, and various modern architectural styles.
🖼️ Notable artists like Fernando Amorsolo and sculptors like Guillermo Tolentino have made significant contributions to Philippine art.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of art history?
-Art history is the study of art from across the world and from ancient to present day, focusing on understanding the world and societies through works of art, not just as objects.
How has contemporary Philippine art been influenced?
-Contemporary Philippine art has been influenced by almost all spheres of the globe, including tastes of Renaissance, Baroque, and modern periods through colonizers.
What types of art existed in the pre-colonial period of the Philippines?
-In the pre-colonial period, indigenous Filipinos had their own art, literature, and architecture, including oral chants, stories, songs, cave writings, and visual arts such as paintings and sculptures.
What significant event marked the beginning of the Islamic period in the Philippines?
-The Islamic period started in 1201 when Arab named Said Abubakar arrived in Sulu, spreading the Arabic religion, which was embraced by the Magindanawan, Samal, and Bajau.
What is the role of the Quran in the Islamic period of the Philippines?
-The Quran served as the literature for the Islamic religion during the Islamic period in the Philippines.
How did the Spanish Colonial period impact Philippine art and architecture?
-The Spanish Colonial period introduced a focus on Christianity and Catholicism, leading to the construction of churches with Baroque features, plazas, and sculptures, as well as the development of music and dance.
What was the impact of American occupation on Philippine architecture and art?
-During the American occupation, most architectures were modernized, cities developed significantly, and new forms of entertainment like Vaudeville emerged. Paintings reflecting Filipino culture also gained prominence.
Who are considered the pioneers of Modern Art in the Philippines during the Japanese Occupation?
-Victorio Edades, Carlos Francisco, and Gallo Hernandez are considered the triumvirate who pioneered Modern Art during the Japanese Occupation.
What types of art were introduced during the first war period in the Philippines?
-Abstract, public painting, modern, and conservative arts were introduced during the first war period, along with advanced architecture like real estate and condos.
How has contemporary Philippine art evolved from the 70s to the present?
-From the 70s to the present, contemporary Philippine art has seen the introduction of multimedia, mixed media, and transmedia, along with the development of figurative and non-figurative arts and modern architecture like condos, hotels, resorts, and commercial buildings.

Outlines

00:00

🏛 History of Philippine Art

Art history encompasses the study of art from various periods and cultures, focusing on understanding the world and societies through artistic works. The video discusses the history of art in the Philippines, starting from pre-colonial times (900-1556) where indigenous Filipinos had their own art, literature, and architecture, including oral and written forms, and visual arts like paintings and sculptures. The Islamic period (1201) introduced Arabic religion and literature, with mosques as significant architecture and unique sculptures. The Spanish Colonial period (1521-1898) brought Christianity and Catholicism, influencing architecture with Baroque-style churches and plazas, and sculptures for religious purposes. It also saw the rise of music, dance, and theater. The American occupation (1898-1946) modernized architecture, introduced new forms of entertainment like Vaudeville, and highlighted Filipino culture in painting and sculpture. The Japanese Occupation (1946-1969) was a dark period for Philippine art, but modern art began to emerge with pioneers like Victorio Edades, Carlos Francisco, and Gallo Hernandez.

05:03

🎨 Evolution of Modern Philippine Art

The second paragraph details the progression of modern art in the Philippines from the post-Japanese Occupation period. It discusses the first war era (1946-1972) where abstract and public painting, along with conservative arts, were introduced. This period also saw advancements in architecture. The 70s to contemporary period has been marked by the introduction of multimedia, mixed media, and transmedia, as well as the development of figurative and non-figurative arts. Modern architecture has flourished with the construction of condos, hotels, resorts, and commercial buildings, showcasing the evolution and growth of the Philippine art scene.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Art History

Art history is the study of the development and evolution of visual arts across cultures and time. It encompasses the analysis of paintings, sculptures, and other forms of artistic expression to understand the historical and cultural contexts in which they were created. In the video, art history is used to explore the rich and diverse artistic heritage of the Philippines, from pre-colonial times to the present day, reflecting the country's complex history and cultural influences.

💡Pre-colonial Art

Pre-colonial art refers to the artistic creations and cultural expressions that existed before the arrival of foreign colonizers. This art often reflects the indigenous beliefs, rituals, and ways of life of the native people. In the context of the video, pre-colonial Philippine art includes oral literature, cave writings, and visual arts like pottery and jewelry, showcasing the rich cultural heritage that predates Spanish colonization.

💡Islamic Period

The Islamic period in Philippine history marks the introduction and spread of Islamic culture and religion, particularly in the southern regions like Mindanao and Sulu. This era is characterized by the construction of mosques and the development of Islamic art and literature, such as the Quran. The video mentions the Islamic period as a significant influence on Philippine art, particularly in the form of architecture and religious sculptures.

💡Spanish Colonial Period

The Spanish Colonial period refers to the era when Spain colonized the Philippines, from 1521 to 1898. This period is marked by the introduction of Christianity and Catholicism, which significantly influenced the art and architecture of the time. The video discusses how this era saw the construction of Baroque-style churches, the creation of religious sculptures, and the development of theatrical forms like sarswela and senakulo, reflecting the deep impact of Spanish culture on Philippine art.

💡American Occupation

The American Occupation period, from 1898 to 1946, followed the end of Spanish rule and the beginning of American influence in the Philippines. This period is characterized by modernization and urban development, with significant changes in architecture and the arts. The video highlights how this era introduced new forms of entertainment like Vaudeville and saw the emergence of notable Filipino artists like Fernando Amorsolo, whose paintings reflected the local culture.

💡Japanese Occupation

The Japanese Occupation, from 1946 to 1969, is considered a dark period in Philippine history due to the destruction and upheaval caused by World War II. Despite the challenges, this era saw the slow emergence of modern art in the Philippines. The video mentions artists like Victorio Edades, Carlos Francisco, and Gallo Hernandez, who are considered pioneers of modern art during this difficult time.

💡Modern Art

Modern art refers to artistic movements, styles, and philosophies that emerged in the late 19th and 20th centuries, characterized by a departure from traditional forms and the exploration of new techniques and ideas. In the video, modern art is discussed in the context of the post-World War II period in the Philippines, where artists began to experiment with abstract and non-figurative forms, reflecting a shift in artistic expression and a response to the changing social and political landscape.

💡Architecture

Architecture is the design and construction of buildings and other physical structures. It is both a practical and an artistic discipline, reflecting the cultural, technological, and aesthetic values of a society. The video discusses various periods in Philippine history where architecture played a significant role, from the cave structures of the pre-colonial era to the Baroque churches of the Spanish Colonial period, and the modern buildings of the American Occupation and contemporary times.

💡Sculpture

Sculpture is a form of visual art that involves the creation of three-dimensional works by shaping or combining various materials. It is an ancient art form that has been used to create religious icons, decorative pieces, and commemorative statues. In the video, sculpture is highlighted as an important aspect of Philippine art history, with examples ranging from pre-colonial pottery and jewelry to the religious sculptures of the Spanish Colonial period and the modern works of artists like Guillermo Tolentino.

💡Literature

Literature encompasses written works, including novels, poetry, plays, and other forms of narrative and expressive text. It is a vital part of cultural heritage, reflecting the ideas, values, and experiences of a society. The video discusses the evolution of literature in the Philippines, from the oral traditions and cave writings of the pre-colonial period to the religious texts of the Islamic period and the introduction of Western literary forms during the Spanish and American occupations.

💡Contemporary Art

Contemporary art refers to the artistic practices and movements of the present period, often characterized by innovation, experimentation, and a reflection of current social and cultural issues. The video discusses the contemporary art scene in the Philippines, which includes the use of new media, mixed media, and transmedia, as well as the development of both figurative and non-figurative art forms, showcasing the ongoing evolution and diversity of Philippine artistic expression.

Highlights

Art history is a study of art from ancient times to the present day, covering every aspect of human history and experience.

Contemporary Philippine art is influenced by global art movements such as Renaissance, Baroque, and modern periods.

Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own art, literature, and architecture, including oral and written forms.

Pre-colonial visual arts included paintings, sculptures like pots and jewelry, and cave architecture.

The Islamic period began in 1201 with the arrival of Arab trader Said Abubakar, introducing Islamic art and architecture.

Spanish Colonial period introduced Christian and Catholic art, with Baroque churches and plazas as primary architecture.

Sculptures during the Spanish Colonial period included religious figures and wall details for churches.

Music and dance were integral parts of entertainment during the Spanish Colonial period.

Doctrina Christiana was created as an auxiliary to the Bible, representing the literature of the era.

Theaters introduced during the Spanish Colonial period included sarswela, senakulo, comedia, and moromoro.

American occupation modernized architecture and introduced new forms of entertainment like Vaudeville.

Daniel Burnham was commissioned to develop Manila and Baguio, reflecting modern architecture during the American period.

Fernando Amorsolo's paintings and Guillermo Tolentino's sculptures were notable during the American occupation.

The Japanese Occupation was a dark period for Philippine art, with the destruction of many artworks.

Modern Art began to emerge during the Japanese Occupation, with Victorio Edades, Carlos Francisco, and Gallo Hernandez as pioneers.

The first war period introduced abstract and public painting, as well as modern and conservative arts.

From the 70s to the present, multimedia, mixed media, and transmedia have been introduced in art.

Figurative and non-figurative arts have been developed in contemporary Philippine art.

Modern architecture such as condos, hotels, resorts, and commercial buildings have been built in recent times.