Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Explained
Summary
TLDRIn this lesson, we explore Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a motivational theory that outlines five levels of human needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. Initially presented as a strict hierarchy, Maslow later acknowledged that needs can overlap. The model categorizes needs into deficiency and growth, with the latter including cognitive, aesthetic, and transcendence needs. Despite its simplicity and holistic approach, the theory faces criticism for not accounting for cultural differences and the empirical challenge of measuring self-actualization.
Takeaways
- 📚 Abraham Maslow introduced the Hierarchy of Needs in his paper 'A Theory of Human Motivation', focusing on understanding what motivates human behavior.
- 🔑 The hierarchy is organized into five levels: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs, each building upon the other.
- 🌱 The model suggests that individuals are motivated to fulfill their most basic needs first (physiological) before moving up to more complex needs like self-actualization.
- 🔄 Maslow's theory was later modified to allow for some overlap between the levels, acknowledging that not everyone prioritizes needs in the same strict order.
- 💧 Physiological needs, the most basic level, include essentials like food, water, air, shelter, warmth, and sleep, which are crucial for survival.
- 🛡️ Safety needs encompass the desire for security and stability, such as job security, a safe environment, and health insurance, once physiological needs are met.
- 🤝 Social needs involve the desire for love, belonging, and acceptance, which become important after safety needs are satisfied.
- 🏆 Esteem needs are about achieving recognition, respect, and status. They can be divided into lower esteem (external respect) and higher esteem (self-respect).
- 🌟 Self-actualization is the pinnacle of the hierarchy, representing the drive to reach one's full potential and is unique to each individual.
- 🔍 Maslow later expanded the model to include cognitive and aesthetic needs, and transcendence needs, which are growth needs that motivate individuals to learn, appreciate beauty, and connect with something beyond themselves.
- ⚖️ While the model is easy to understand and holistic, it has limitations, including the difficulty in empirically testing self-actualization and not accounting for cultural differences in the prioritization of needs.
Q & A
Who introduced the concept of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
-Abraham Harold Maslow, an American psychologist, introduced the concept of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
In what paper did Maslow first introduce his theory of human motivation?
-Maslow first introduced his theory of human motivation in a paper entitled 'A Theory of Human Motivation.'
What are the five levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
-The five levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
What are deficiency needs in the context of Maslow's theory?
-Deficiency needs, sometimes called D-needs, are needs that motivate people when they are unmet. They become stronger the longer they go unmet and are essential to avoid unpleasant feelings or even death.
How does the hierarchy of needs represent a person's motivation to meet their needs?
-The hierarchy represents a person's motivation by suggesting that only when a lower level of needs has been fully met would an individual then be motivated by the opportunity to meet the next level of their needs.
What are the physiological needs according to Maslow's theory?
-Physiological needs include basic physical requirements such as food, water, air, shelter, warmth, and sleep, which are vital to survival.
What are the safety needs that Maslow identified in his theory?
-Safety needs include being free from war, natural disasters, and violence, as well as having job security, a safe working environment, access to grievance procedures, savings, and health insurance.
Why are social needs important in Maslow's hierarchy?
-Social needs are important because they involve the desire to develop interpersonal relationships and feel a sense of belonging to a group, which helps avoid issues like loneliness, anxiety, and depression.
What are esteem needs and how do they differ from self-actualization needs in Maslow's theory?
-Esteem needs are related to the desire for recognition, achieving high status, respect, and feeling important. They differ from self-actualization needs, which are the drive to become the best one can be and achieving one's full potential as a human being.
How did Maslow modify his original hierarchy of needs later in his career?
-Maslow later modified his original hierarchy by including cognitive and aesthetic needs, and later transcendence needs, suggesting that the progression up the hierarchy doesn't have to be strict and that levels can overlap to some extent.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
-Advantages include its ease of understanding and application, expressing the human desire for achievement, and providing a holistic approach to motivation. Disadvantages include the inability to empirically test self-actualization, lack of cultural differences consideration, and the fact that individuals value needs differently.
Outlines
🧠 Introduction to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
The script begins with an introduction to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a theory proposed by American psychologist Abraham Harold Maslow. Initially presented in a paper titled 'A Theory of Human Motivation,' the theory suggests that human actions are driven by the desire to fulfill specific needs. Maslow's focus was on employee needs in the workplace, identifying five types of needs that must be met for individuals to reach their full potential. These needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with the satisfaction of one set of needs motivating the pursuit of the next. The hierarchy consists of physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The model implies that needs are dynamic and can change over time, affecting what motivates an individual. The script also explains the breakdown of the model into deficiency needs (physiological and safety needs) and growth needs (social, esteem, and self-actualization needs), with the latter further divided into basic, psychological, and self-fulfillment needs.
🤝 Social and Esteem Needs in Maslow's Hierarchy
Paragraph 2 delves into the third level of Maslow's hierarchy, social needs, which encompass the desire for interpersonal relationships, intimacy, friendship, and family. These needs are about belonging to a group and avoiding feelings of loneliness and anxiety. The fourth level, esteem needs, includes the desire for recognition, status, respect, and self-importance. Maslow differentiates between lower esteem needs, which are about respect from others, and higher esteem needs, which pertain to self-respect. The script also touches on the concept of imposter syndrome, which can occur if lower esteem needs are met but higher ones are not. The highest level, self-actualization, is described as the drive to become the best version of oneself, with each individual having unique goals for self-fulfillment. Maslow later expanded the model to include cognitive and aesthetic needs, and transcendence needs, reflecting a more nuanced understanding of human motivation beyond the initial five levels.
🌟 Advantages and Disadvantages of Maslow's Hierarchy
In the final paragraph, the script discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. On the positive side, the model is easy to understand and provides a holistic approach to motivation, emphasizing the human desire to achieve and grow. However, it also has limitations, such as the inability to empirically test the concept of self-actualization and the lack of consideration for cultural differences in the prioritization of needs. The model assumes a rigid hierarchy, but Maslow later acknowledged that the levels can overlap, and individuals may value different needs in varying ways. The script concludes by summarizing that the hierarchy is a dynamic model that reflects the changing nature of what motivates individuals, with a person starting at the bottom and moving up only after needs at a given level are met. The model is divided into deficiency needs, which drive us when absent, and growth needs, which inspire us to grow and achieve our potential.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
💡Physiological Needs
💡Safety Needs
💡Social Needs
💡Esteem Needs
💡Self-Actualization
💡Deficiency Needs
💡Growth Needs
💡Cognitive Needs
💡Aesthetic Needs
💡Transcendence
Highlights
Introduction to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Harold Maslow, an American psychologist.
Maslow's theory focuses on the needs of employees in the workplace to reach their full potential.
The hierarchy consists of five levels of needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization.
A pyramid model represents the hierarchy, where fulfillment of lower-level needs precedes motivation for higher-level needs.
Needs are continually changing, with different motivations over time.
The model can be divided into deficiency needs (physiological and safety) and growth needs (social, esteem, and self-actualization).
Deficiency needs are crucial for survival and become more pressing the longer they remain unmet.
Growth needs are related to personal development and self-fulfillment.
Physiological needs include basic requirements like food, water, air, shelter, warmth, and sleep.
Safety needs encompass job security, a safe environment, savings, and health insurance.
Social needs involve forming interpersonal relationships and belonging to a group.
Esteem needs are about achieving recognition, status, respect, and self-respect.
Self-actualization is the drive to become the best version of oneself and achieving one's full potential.
Maslow later added cognitive and aesthetic needs to the model, focusing on knowledge expansion and appreciation of beauty.
Transcendence needs were introduced as the peak of the pyramid, involving spiritual fulfillment beyond self-interest.
The model is easy to understand and apply, expressing the human desire to achieve more over time.
Maslow's hierarchy is holistic, showing that employees won't be motivated by rewards if their basic needs are unmet.
The theory has disadvantages, including the inability to empirically test self-actualization and lack of cultural consideration.
Individuals value needs differently, and the theory's strict hierarchy progression is not always applicable.
In reality, people often seek to satisfy multiple needs simultaneously rather than focusing on one at a time.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides insight into what motivates humans and how motivations change.
Transcripts
hello and welcome to today's lesson
where we're looking at maslow's
hierarchy of needs
before we jump in and look at the theory
first a little background
abraham harold maslow was an american
psychologist
who first introduced his hierarchy of
needs in a paper entitled
a theory of human motivation now the
theory says that as humans
our actions are motivated by our desire
to meet
specific needs now maslow focused in
particular on the needs of employees
in the workplace and his theory
identified
five types of needs that need to be
fulfilled
in order for you to reach your full
potential
now the five needs come in a particular
order
only when one set of needs is satisfied
will you think about meeting the next
set of needs in the hierarchy let's jump
in
and take a look at the model from the
bottom to the top maslow's five levels
of needs are physiological needs
safety needs social needs self-esteem
needs
and self-actualization needs now the
pyramid represents a hierarchy
and what this means is that only when a
lower level of needs
has been fully met would you then be
motivated by the opportunity
to meet the next level of your needs now
the key to understanding maslow's
hierarchy of needs is to realize
that your needs are continually changing
so what motivated you five years ago
or even last month may not motivate you
today now there are a couple of ways the
model can be broken down at a high level
that you can see
on the right and left hand side of the
pyramid here
now the first is by breaking the model
down into deficiency needs and growth
needs
deficiency needs sometimes called d
needs
are needs that motivate people when they
are unmet
now the longer deficiency needs go unmet
the stronger the desire to fulfill that
need will become
therefore satisfying these needs is
vital to
avoid unpleasant feelings or even death
in the case of physiological needs so
for example
the longer you go without water the more
crucial
getting water will become to you in fact
if you're dying of
thirst you're not going to be interested
in for example
improving your french now
the top level of the hierarchy concerns
growth needs now confusingly these are
commonly known as
be needs which means being needs
you can also break the model down into
basic needs
psychological needs and self-fulfillment
needs according to the model you begin
by being
motivated to meet your lowest level of
needs and only once
you've done this do you move on to being
motivated by the next
level of needs and this process
continues
until you reach the very top level
self-actualization
now although the theory was originally
proposed as a very rigid hierarchy
maslow later modified it so that the
progression
up the hierarchy doesn't have to be
quite so strict
and that levels can overlap to some
extent
now that makes sense because for some
people achieving status
level 4 might be more important than for
example
attaining love which is level three so
let's examine each of the levels in a
little bit more detail
so first we have the bottom level which
is physiological needs
and these are basic physical needs
that you must meet for you to live they
are vital
to your survival these needs include
food to eat water to drink air to breed
shelter to protect you from the elements
warmth to avoid freezing and sleep to
refresh you
now note that maslow included sex within
this category as a basic physical need
because reproduction is vital to the
survival of the human
species the second level is safety needs
and once you've met your physiological
needs the next needs
that you'll look to satisfy are these
safety needs
we all want to feel safe and secure
so these needs include being free from
war
natural disasters and violence in the
workplace
these needs include things like job
security a safe working environment
having access to grieving grievance
procedures
saving some money each month and knowing
you have health insurance
should you become ill
now physiological needs and safety needs
combined
are often referred to as your basic
needs
the third level is social needs at this
level
you'll have a desire to develop your
interpersonal relationships
you want to feel as though you belong to
a group
now these needs include intimacy
friendship
and family and according to maslow at
this level
you'll feel this need to belong to one
or more group now
groups now that could be a family group
a workplace group or even a social group
and belonging to a group is commonly
called
affiliating and that simply means you
attach yourself
to the group or to a club
feeling that people love you that they
care about you
and that you belong to a group can help
you avoid issues such as loneliness
anxiety and depression
next we have esteem needs or self-esteem
needs
now these needs are your ego needs
and your status needs at this level you
will be motivated by getting recognition
from others
achieving a high status respect
and feeling important now in a nutshell
you want to feel like you're making a
contribution to the world
and that others recognize this
contribution
now according to maslow there are
actually two
sets of esteem needs lower esteem and
higher esteem
lower esteem is simply the need for
respect from others
whereas higher esteem is self-respect
now note that if you meet your lower
esteem needs
but your higher esteem needs are unmet
then it can be
common to suffer from a condition known
as imposter
syndrome
now the top level is your
self-actualization
needs or your fulfillment needs
and this is the drive to become the best
that you can be it's about achieving
your full potential as a human being
you can think of the first four levels
of the hierarchy
as being a set of levels you must master
in order to enable you to reach this top
level
now because we are each unique at this
final level
each of us will pick something
individual to us
at which we want to excel now it could
be the desire
to be the best parent it could be a
desire
to be the best athlete you can be it
could be
a desire to create the most beautiful
art but it is
unique to you and it's something that's
going to motivate
you and you alone
now there are a couple of variations to
maslow's hierarchy of needs that you
should be
aware of in 1970 maslow upgraded his
original
original five level model on two
occasions
now first to include cognitive and
aesthetic needs and later to include
transcendence needs
so the first update to the model you can
see in
this diagram and you can see that this
update includes more growth needs
while keeping the deficiency needs the
same
now let's talk about cognitive needs
so once you fulfilled your deficiency
needs
masno believed that you would then be
motivated by
expanding your knowledge cognitive needs
reflect our need to discover
to experiment and learn how the world
around us works
to expand our understanding this is a
crucial step towards self-actualization
as it involves opening your mind up and
exploring new ideas based
on evidence next we go up a level to
aesthetic needs
now this can mean appreciating beautiful
things
in your life but it can also mean
achieving balance
so for example walks in nature can lead
you to feeling refreshed likewise
experiencing
music can also leave us feeling
rejuvenated
when we meet our aesthetic needs we feel
intimately connected to the beauty of
the world
around us so the second
update maslow made again kept deficiency
needs the same
and added one final level to growth
needs
called transcendence now transcendence
is the very
peak of the pyramid and refers to having
our
spiritual needs met
we become motivated by values that
transcend
beyond our self
now there are several advantages and
disadvantages associated with maslow's
hierarchy of needs so first in terms of
advantages
then the model is easy to understand and
apply at a basic
level it expresses the human desire
to achieve and to have more and more
over time it's a holistic approach to
motivation
maslow's model helps us understand that
an employee or a person won't be
motivated to perform
even if promised a great reward when
they're tired cold and hungry
now in terms of disadvantages then
there's no
way to test maslow's concept of
self-actualization
empirically it doesn't take account of
cultural differences so for example
the need to feel part of a team is going
to be higher in certain countries such
as china than it is in other countries
such as the us
also each person will value
each need in different ways so esteem
needs can be essential
to you but your peer may play a higher
value
on safety needs so for example van gogh
self-actualized through art
but lived in poverty for his whole
lifetime this calls into question the
need to move up the hierarchy one step
at a time
now in reality we typically don't focus
on meeting
one need at a time instead we seek to
satisfy many needs
at the same time
so in summary maslow's hierarchy of
needs
shows what motivates us what motivates
us
is constantly changing this means that
what
motivated you last year will probably
not motivate you
this year or today now maslow's original
hierarchy was broken into five
levels a person starts at the bottom of
the hierarchy
and only once needs at that level are
met
will they be motivated by trying to meet
needs at the next level
now broadly speaking the model can be
broken down into two
categories of needs the first
deficiency needs are things which
motivate us
when they're not present and second
growth needs
which motivate you to grow and become
the best you can be
so that's it for this lesson really hope
you enjoyed it
and i look forward to speaking to you
again soon
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