COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | What? Why? How?
Summary
TLDRThe National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa addresses the spread and causes of communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases. These diseases, caused by germs such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxins, can be transmitted through direct contact, including person-to-person, sexually, from mother to unborn child, and through droplets from coughing or sneezing. Indirect transmission occurs via contaminated objects, food, water, and animal contact. The video also covers airborne diseases like measles and those spread by insects like malaria, providing a comprehensive look into disease transmission.
Takeaways
- 🏥 The NICD is South Africa's National Public Health Institute that specializes in communicable diseases.
- 🌐 Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, are illnesses that can spread from person to person.
- 🦠 These diseases are caused by various pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxins.
- 🤝 Direct contact transmission occurs through physical contact or exchange of body fluids between infected and susceptible individuals.
- 🤰 Mother-to-unborn child transmission can occur when a pregnant woman passes infectious agents to her fetus.
- 💧 Droplet spread happens when infectious diseases are transmitted through the spray of droplets from coughing, sneezing, or even talking.
- 🌪️ Airborne transmission allows some infectious agents to travel long distances and remain in the air, infecting others by breathing.
- 🚪 Indirect contact can lead to infection through touching contaminated objects like doorknobs and then touching one's face.
- 🍽️ Food and waterborne transmission occurs when infectious diseases are spread via contaminated food and drinking water.
- 🐾 Animal-to-person transmission happens when infectious diseases are transmitted from animals to humans, often through bites, scratches, or handling waste.
- 🦟 Vector-borne transmission is when diseases are spread by blood-sucking insects like mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks after feeding on infected hosts.
Q & A
What is the primary role of the NICD in South Africa?
-The NICD serves as the National Public Health Institute for South Africa, providing reference microbiology, virology, epidemiology, surveillance, and public health research to support the government's response to communicable diseases threats.
What are communicable diseases commonly known as?
-Communicable diseases are most commonly known as infectious diseases.
What types of germs can cause communicable diseases?
-Communicable diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxins.
How are communicable diseases typically transmitted?
-Communicable diseases are typically transmitted through direct contact or indirect contact.
Can you explain direct contact transmission in the context of communicable diseases?
-Direct contact transmission occurs when there is physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person, such as through touching or exchanging body fluids.
How can a pregnant woman transmit communicable diseases to her unborn child?
-A pregnant woman may pass germs that cause infectious diseases to an unborn baby through the placenta or during birth through germs in the vagina.
What is droplet spread and how does it relate to the transmission of communicable diseases?
-Droplet spread involves the spray of droplets from coughing, sneezing, or even speaking, which can transmit infectious diseases when another person is in close proximity.
How can communicable diseases be spread through the air?
-Communicable diseases can be spread through the air via airborne transmission, where infectious agents travel and remain suspended in the air, potentially infecting others who breathe them in.
What is an example of how communicable diseases can be spread through contaminated objects?
-Communicable diseases can spread through touching contaminated objects like doorknobs and then touching one's mouth, nose, or eyes before washing hands.
How can food and drinking water contribute to the spread of communicable diseases?
-Infectious diseases can be transmitted through contaminated food and water, such as E. coli from improperly handled produce or uncooked meat.
What is the term for diseases transmitted from animals to humans, and can you provide an example?
-The term for diseases transmitted from animals to humans is 'zoonotic diseases'. Examples include diseases transmitted through animal bites or scratches, or handling pet waste.
How do insects contribute to the spread of communicable diseases?
-Insects, particularly those that suck blood like mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks, can become infected by feeding on infected hosts and then transmit diseases to new hosts through their bites.
Outlines
😷 Understanding Communicable Diseases
The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa serves as a public health institute, offering support through microbiology, virology, epidemiology, and research to combat communicable diseases. This paragraph explains communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, which are illnesses caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxins and can spread from person to person. The modes of transmission are categorized into direct contact, such as person-to-person, sexual contact, mother-to-child, and droplet spread, and indirect contact, including airborne transmission, contaminated objects, food and water, and animal-to-person contact. The paragraph also touches on zoonotic diseases and vector-borne diseases transmitted by insects like mosquitoes and ticks.
🔍 Further Learning on Communicable Diseases
For those seeking to delve deeper into the subject of communicable diseases, the paragraph suggests visiting the World Health Organization's (WHO) website and exploring the 'Diseases A-Z Index'. This resource provides a comprehensive list of diseases, allowing users to access detailed information on each condition, including its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment options. The music in the background signifies a call to action for viewers to engage with the material and expand their knowledge on the topic.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Communicable diseases
💡Direct contact transmission
💡Indirect contact transmission
💡Droplet transmission
💡Airborne transmission
💡Person-to-person contact
💡Contaminated objects
💡Zoonotic diseases
💡Mother-to-child transmission
💡Contaminated food and water
Highlights
The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa provides public health research and surveillance for communicable diseases.
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, can spread from person to person.
Communicable diseases are caused by germs such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxins.
There are two main ways communicable diseases can spread: direct contact and indirect contact.
Direct contact transmission occurs through physical contact or exchange of body fluids.
Sexually transmitted diseases and mother-to-unborn-child transmission are examples of direct contact.
Droplets from coughing, sneezing, or speaking can spread diseases through close proximity.
Airborne transmission allows diseases to travel long distances and remain suspended in the air.
Measles is an example of an airborne disease that can be caught by simply breathing the air in a room.
Contaminated objects can spread diseases if touched and then the mouth, nose, or eyes are touched without washing hands.
Infectious diseases can be transmitted through contaminated food and water, such as E. coli.
Animal-to-person contact can lead to transmission of zoonotic diseases.
Insect vectors like mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks can transmit diseases from infected hosts to humans.
Malaria, West Nile virus, and tick bite fever are examples of diseases spread by insect vectors.
For more information on communicable diseases, the NICD suggests visiting their website and exploring the disease's A-Z index.
Transcripts
the National Institute for communicable
diseases the N ICD is the National
Public Health Institute for South Africa
it provides reference microbiology viral
adji epidemiology surveillance and
public health research to support the
government's response to communicable
diseases threats we are going to take a
look at what communicable diseases are
what causes them and how they are
transmitted communicable diseases are
most commonly known as infectious
diseases are diseases that can be spread
from one person to another and can cause
a large number of people to get sick
they are caused by germs like bacteria
viruses fungi parasites or toxins but
how a communicable diseases spread there
are two ways communicable diseases can
be spread through direct contact or in
direct contact direct contact
transmission occurs when there is
physical contact between an infected
person and a susceptible person in
direct contact transmission occurs when
there is no direct human to human
contact infectious diseases are often
spread through direct contact the types
of direct contact include the following
person-to-person contact infectious
diseases are commonly transmitted
through person-to-person contact
transmission occurs when an infected
person touches or exchanges body fluids
with someone else this can happen before
an infected person is aware of the
illness sexually transmitted diseases an
HIV can be transmitted this way mother
to unborn child a pregnant woman may
pass germs that cause infectious
diseases to an unborn baby some germs
can pass through the placenta
germs in the vagina can be transmitted
to the baby during birth droplets spread
the spray of droplets during coughing
and sneezing can spread an infectious
disease you can even infect another
person through droplets created when you
speak since droplets fall to the ground
within a few feet this type of
transmission requires close proximity
infectious diseases can also be spread
indirectly through the air and other
mechanisms for example airborne
transmission some infectious agents can
travel long distances and remain
suspended in the air for an extended
period of time you can catch some
diseases simply by breathing these are
called airborne diseases you can catch a
disease like measles by entering a room
after someone with measles has departed
other diseases that spread through the
air a common cold
TB chickenpox and mumps contaminated
objects some organisms can live on
objects for a short time
if you touch an object such as a
doorknob soon after an infected person
you might be exposed to infection
transmission occurs when you touch your
mouth
nose or eyes before thoroughly washing
your hands germs can also be spread
through contaminated blood products and
medical supplies food and drinking water
infectious diseases can be transmitted
via contaminated food and water
the coli is often transmitted through
improperly handled produce or uncooked
meat animal to person contact
some infectious diseases can be
transmitted from an animal to a person
this can happen when an infected animal
bites or scratches you or when you
handle pet waste some zoonotic
infectious agents are transmitted by
insects especially those that suck blood
these include mosquitoes fleas and ticks
the insects become infected when they
feed on infected hosts such as birds
animals and humans the disease is then
transmitted when the insect bites a new
host
malaria West Nile virus and tick bite
fever are all spread this way
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this was an overview of communicable
diseases what they are what causes them
and how they are spread to learn more on
communicable diseases visit WWE and
click on the disease's a-to-z index
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